Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm.

Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff

g]kfnsf] e'uf]n
cjl:ylt
 cIff+zM @^) @@Ú pQ/L cIff+z b]vL #)) @&Ú pQ/L cIff+z ;Dd
 b]zfGt/ M *)) $Ú k"jL{ b]zfGt/ b]vL **) !@Ú k"jL{ b]zfGt/ ;Dd
 g]kfn k[YjLsf] pQ/L uf]nf4{df / k"jL{ b]zfGt/df cjl:yt Ps e"kl/j]li7t d'n's xf] h'g Plzof dxfb]zdf kb{5 .
If]qkmn
 a[xQ/ g]kfnM @,)$,(!& ju{ ls=ld= -lj|l6z Oi6 Ol08of sDkgLsf] g]kfn ;+u o'4 x'g' k"j{_
 xfnsf] g]kfnM !,$&,!*! ju{ ls=ld=-%^,*@& ju{ dfOn_ . lj=;+= @)#^ ;fndf 3f]if0ff ePsf] xf] .
 g]kfnn] ljZjsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] )=)# Ü, Plzof dxfb]zsf] )=# Ü / k[YjLsf] :ylno e"efusf] nueu )=! Ü e"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 .
 g]kfn If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] d'n's ?; eGbf !!^=#% u'0ff ;fgf] 5 - ;g\ @)!$ df ls|ldof ufleP kZrft_ .
 g]kfn If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df rLg eGbf ^% u'0ff ;fgf] / ef/t eGbf @@ u'0ff ;fgf] 5 .
 g]kfnsf] s'n e'efu dWo] (@=($ Ü hldgn] / &=)^ Ü kfgLn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .
l;dfgf
 g]kfnsf] pQ/L l;dfgfdf ltAat -rLg_ / k"j{, klZrd, blIf0fdf ef/t;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
 pQ/ M ltAat -rLg_, blIf0f M ljxf/ / pQ/ k|b]z, k"j{ M l;lSsd, blIf0f k"j{ M klZrd a+ufn, klZrd M pQ/fv08
 g]kfnaf6 t];|f] glhssf] b]z M a+unfb]z, @& ls=dL=, e'6fg M #@ ls=dL
 g]kfnaf6 glhssf] ;fs{ /fhwfgL M lyDk" -e'6fg_ $)) ls=dL= eg] 6f9fsf] ;fs{ /fhwfgL dflNbE;sf] dfn] -@&^) ls=dL_ xf] .
g]kfnsf] ef/t / rLg;Fu ;Ldfgf lgDgfg';f/ 5'6\ofPsf] 5 M
 k"jL{ l;dgf M l;+xlnnf kj{t / d]rL gbL, klZrd l;dfgf M dxfsfnL gbL
 pQ/L l;dfgf M ltAatsf] d'Vo lxdfnon] #% k|ltzt / afFsL ef]6 lxdfn, blIf0f l;dfgf M bzuhf
 g]kfn / la|l6z Oi6 Ol08of sDkgL lar cg'df]bg ePsf] ;'uf}nL ;GwL -;g\ !*!^ dfr{ #_ kZrft g]kfn / ef/tsf] l;dfgfdf *($ hª\u] lkn/
lgdf{0f ul/Psf lyP .
nDafO{ / rf}8fO{
 k"j{df d]rL gbL b]lv klZrddf dxfsfnL gbL ;Ddsf] nDafO{ **% ls=dL= 5 .
 pQ/– blIf0f cf}ift rf}8fO{ M !(# ls=dL= -clwstd rf}8fO{ M @$! ls=dL, Go'gtd rf}8fO{ M !$% ls=dL=_
glhssf] ;fd"lb|s b'/L M a+ufnsf] vf8L, lxGb dxf;fu/, !!@& ls=ld= -&)) dfOn_
k|fdfl0fs ;do
 g]kfnsf] k|fdfl0fs ;do bf]nvf lhNnfdf /x]sf] uf}/Lz+s/ -kflye/f lxdfn, &!#$ ld=_ nfO{ sf6]/ uPsf] *^) !%ÚÚ k"jL{ b]zfGt/nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] xf] . uf}/Lz+s/ lxdfn bf]nvf lhNnf, /f]Njflnª lxd>[ª\vnfdf kb{5 .
 g]kfnsf] ;do u|LgjLrsf] ;do (GMT) eGbf % 306f $% ldg]6 cuf8L /x]sf] 5 . lj=;+= @)$@ a}zfv ! af6 pQm :yfg / ;do lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]
xf] . u|LgjLrsf] cjwf/0ff ljZjdf ;g\ !**$ af6 cfPsf] xf] .
g]kfnsf $ ljGb' : pQ/L M rfª\nf e~Hofª -x'Dnf_, blIf0fL M nf]bfjf/L -emfkf_, k"jL{ M n]n]k÷cf]nfª|r'ª|uf]nf -tfKn]h'ª_, klZrd M bf]wf/f -s~rgk'/_
g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg
 g]kfndf k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] ;'?jft lsF/ftsfndf ePsf] dflgG5 .
 g]kfndf Jojl:yt k|zf;lgs Joj:yfsf] ;'?jft lnR5jLsfn b]lv g} x''Fb} cfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
 k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxn] g]kfn Plss/0f xF'b} uPkl5 k|zf;lso Joj:yfkgsf nfuL g]kfnnfO{ !@ If]qdf ljefhg u/]sf lyP .
 g]kfnnfO{ led;]g yfkfn] #( lhNnfdf ljefhg u/]sf lyP .
 /f0ff k|wfgdGqL lj/ zdz]/n] g]kfnnfO{ lj=;+= !(%@ df #% lhNnfdf ljefhg u/] . kxf8df @# lhNnf / t/fO{df !@ lhNnf
 lj=;+= @)!* j}zfv ! df g]kfnnfO{ /fhf dx]Gb|4f/f !$ c~rn &% lhNnfdf ljeflht ul/of] .
 lj=;+= @)@( cfiff9 !# df /fhf lj/]Gb|4f/f g]kfn $ ljsf; If]qdf ljeflht eof] .
 g]kfnnfO{ @)#& cflZjg @^ ut] % ljsf; If]qdf ljefhg ul/of] .
 g]kfnnfO{ @)&@ cflZjg # df ;ft k|b]zsf] ;+l3o ;+/rgfdf kl/jt{g ul/of] .
 g]kfndf && lhNnf @)&$ efb| )% ut] nfu' ul/P .
g]kfnsf lhNnf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
 rLg / ef/t b'j} b]znfO{ 5'g] lhNnf M @ -bfr'{nf, tfKn]h'ª_
 rLg;Fu l;dfgf hf]l8Psf lhNnf M !%
 rLg;Fu dfq l;dfgf hf]l8Psf lhNnf M !# j6f -;+v'jf;ef, ;f]n'v'Da', bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, /;'jf, wflbª, uf]/vf, dgfª, d':tfª, 8f]Nkf, d'u', x'Dnf,
aemfª_
 ef/t;Fu l;dfgf hf]l8Psf lhNnf M @&
 ef/t;Fu dfq l;dfgf hf]l8Psf lhNnf M @% j6f -kfFry/, O{nfd, emfkf, df]/ª, ;'Gf;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{,
lrtjg, gjnk'/, gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL, slknj:t', bfª, afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL, s~rgk'/, 88]Nw'/f / a}t8L_
 s'g} klg b]z;Fu l;dfgf ghf]l8Psf lhNnf M #& j6f -t]x|y'd, wgs'§f, ef]hk'/, pbok'/, vf]6fª, cf]vn9'ª\uf, /fd]5fk, l;Gw'nL, sfe]|knfGrf]s, g'jfsf]6,
sf7df8f}F, eQmk'/, nlntk'/, dsjfgk'/, ndh'ª, tgxF, sf:sL, afUn'ª, kj{t, DofUbL, :ofªhf, u'NdL, kfNkf, c3f{vfFrL, ;Nofg, Ko'7fg, /f]Nkf, k'jL{ ?s'd,
?s'd kl:rd, hfh/sf]6, ;'v]{t, b}n]v, sflnsf]6, h'Dnf, 8f]6L, afh'/f, / c5fd_
 w]/} lhNnfx?;Fu l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] lhNnf M l;Gw'nL, !) lhNnf;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . k"j{df pbok'/ / l;/fxf, klZrddf sfe|]knf0rf]s / dsjfgk'/,
pQ/df cf]vn9'ª\uf / /fd]5fk tyf blIf0fdf wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL / /f}tx6
 If]qkmn a/fa/ ePsf lhNnfx? M != tgx'F / /fd]5fk M !%$^ ju{ ls=ld= @= alb{of / 8f]6L M @)@% ju{ ls=ld=

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 1 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff

lhNnf ljljw
 e"uf]nsf cfwf/df % 7"nf lhNnf M 8f]Nkf, x'Dnf, tfKn]h'ª, uf]/vf, d':tfª / % ;fgf lhNnf M eQmk'/, nlntk'/, sf7df8f}F, kj{t, t]x«y'd
 7"nf] lhNnf M 8f]Nkf -&**( ju{ ls=ld=_ ;fgf] lhNnf M eQmk'/ -!!( ju{ ls=ld=_ . 8f]Nkf eQmk'/ eGbf ^^=@( u'0ff 7"nf] 5 .
 emf]n'+u] k'nsf] lhNnf, g]kfnsf] gS;f;Fu ldNbf] cfs[lt ePsf] lhNnf M afUn'Ë
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf lhNnf ;b/d'sfd ePsf] lhNnf Mx'Dnf -l;ldsf]6, @($^ ld_ / xf]rf] :yfgdf ;b/d'sfd ePsf] dxf]Q/L, hn]Zj/ ^! ld
 ;jf{lws ;+Vofdf ljdfg:yn ePsf] lhNnf M ;f]n'v'Da', $ ljdfg:yn,
 ltglt/af6 glbn] l;dfgf 5'6\ofPsf] lhNnf M cf]vn9'+uf
 dflyNnf] ;u/dfyf M ;f]n'v'Da', cf]vn9'+uf, vf]6fª
 hg;+Vofsf] lx;fan] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] lhNnf M dgfª / 7"nf] lhNnf sf7df08f} xf] .
 dx]Gb| /fhdfu{n] g5\g] t/fO{sf] lhNnf M k;f{
 dx]Gb| /fhdfu{n] 5'g] kxf8L lhNnf M dsjfgk'/, c3{fvfFrL
 lrofIf]q 3f]lift lhNnf M tfKn]h'ª, kfFry/, Onfd, emfkf, wgs'6f -%_, slkm v]ltsf] nflu k|l;4 lhNnf M u'NdL
 leqL dw]zdf kg]{ lhNnf M pbok'/, l;Gw'nL, gjnk/f;L k"j{ -gjnk'/_, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, bfË, ;'v]{t -&_, 7"nf] lhNnf M bfË, ;fgf] lhNnf M gjnk'/
 Hjfnfd'vLsf] lrGx ePsf] lhNnf M b}n]v -b'Nn'_
 ltg nfnsf] lhNnf M /fd]5fk
 lxdfn kfl/sf lhNnf M dgfª, d':tfª -@_,
 pQ/df lxdfnob]lv blIf0fdf dxfef/t ;Dd km}lnPsf] lhNnf M wflbË
 5f]6f]–5f]6f] glbsf] jxfj ePsf] lhNnf M bfË
 w]/} efu gbLn] l;dfgf sfod ePsf] lhNnf M s}nfnL
 afx« a08fn c7f/ v08fn M ;'v]{t
 %@ kf]v/L %# tfn M ?s'd,
 g]kfnsf] d?e'dL M d':tfË
 gofF d'n's eg]/ lrlgg] lhNnf M afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL, s~rgk'/, lo lhNnf ;g\ !*^) gf]e]Dj/ ! df la|l6z Oi6 Ol08of af6 g]kfnn] lkmtf{ k|fKt
u/]sf] lyof] .
ljZjdf g]kfn /]s8{
 ;jf]{Rr lzv/ M ;u/dfyf, **$*=*^ ld -@()#@ lkm6_
 ulx/f] pkTosf M c?0f pkTosf, *#(! ld= ulx/f], ;+v'jf;ef
 ulx/f] uN5L M cGgk"0f{ / wf}nflu/Lsf] lardf kg]{ sflnu08sL glbn] agfPsf] bfgf÷cGw uN5L, DofUbL lhNnfdf, ^(^& ld= ulx/f]
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] tfn M ltlnrf] tfn, dgfª, $(!( ld= prfO{df
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf x'g] df5f v]tL M /f/f tfn, d'u',
 g]kfndf dfq kfOg] Rofp M 6«flkmgf g]kf]n]lG;;
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf x'g] wfg v]tL M h'DnLd;L{, h'Dnf, kt/fl;sf] 3'drf}/ lhpnf]df @*%) ld6/ prfO{df
 g]kfndf dfq kfOg] r/f M sfF8] Eofs'/ -:kfOgL Jofjn/_ . of] k+5L nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] rfkfufpF uf]bfj/L If]q / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h If]qdf e]l6Psf] 5
.
 ljZjs} ;a}eGbf ;fgf] d'b|f -k};f, l;Ssf_M lj= ;+= !&(& df /fhf ho k|sf; dNnsf kfnfdf lgisflzt “hfjf” d'b|f
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgaf6 pTklt ePsf] gbL M c?0f gbL, @&^() lkm6 prfOaf6
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] k|of]uzfnf M lk/fld8 n]jf]/6f]/L, %)%) ld=, nf]a'r]
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] a:tL M 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] 5fsf{ef]6 / wtf/fk a:tL
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] e~Hofª M k"jL{ WoFfr, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, ^^%& ld6/ . of] h'un pk>[Ëvnfdf /x]sf] 5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jfl{\ws prfO{df p8g ;Sg] k'tnL – l;lSsd Jo08]8 ckf]nf] 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] ljleGg If]qdf kfO{g] of] k'tnL %))) ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfO{df
/xG5 .
k|b]z
 lrg / ef/t b'j}nfO{ 5'g] k|b]z M $ j6f -k|b]z g+= !, afudtL, u08sL, ;'b'/ klZrd_
 ef/t nfO{ dfq 5'g] k|b]z M@ j6f -dw]z k|b]z / n'lDagL_
 ef/t nfO{ 5'g] k|b]z M ^ j6f -k|b]z g+=!, dw]z, afudtL, u08sL, n'lDagL, ;'b'/ klZrd _
 lrg nfO{ dfq 5'g] k|b]z M Pp6f -s0ff{nL k|b]z_
 lrgnfO{ 5'g] k|b]z M % j6f -k|b]z g+= !, afudtL, u08sL, s0ff{nL, ;'b'/ klZrd_
:yflgo tx M
 :yflgo tx eGgfn] ufFpkflnsf , gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;efnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
 hDdf :yflgo tx M &%#
 ufpFkflnsf — $^)
 s'n gu/kflnsf M @(# -gu/kflnsf — @&^, pkdxfgu/ — !!, dxfgu/ — ^_
 ;j}eGbf w]/} :yflgo tx ePsf] lhNnf — ;nf{xL -@), gu/kflnsf —!!, ufpFmkflnsf — (_
 ;a}eGbf sd :yflgo tx ePsf] lhNnf — k'jL{ ?s'd -# j6f ufpFmkflnsf M e'd], l;:g], k'yfpQ/u+uf_
 lk5l8Psf :yflgo tx — %&
j8f ;+Vof — ^&$#
 ;a}eGbf j9L j8f ;+Vof ePsf] lhNnf — ;nf{xL -@)) j6f _ / ;a}eGbf sd j8f ;+Vof ePsf] lhNnf — d':tfª -@% j6f _

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 2 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff

ufpFkflnsf M
 ufFpkflnsf ljlxg lhNnf — @ -sf7df08f}, eQmk'/_
 ;a}eGbf w]/} ufpFkflnsf ePsf] lhNnf — wflbª -!! j6f_
 Pp6f dfq ufpFkflnsf ePsf] lhNnf — lrtjg -OR5fsfdgf ufpFkflnsf_
 j/fa/ If]qkmn ePsf ufpFkflnsf — rDkfb]jL / lrz+v'u8L -!@^=(! ju{ sL=ld_
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf /x]sf] ufpFkflnsf M v'Da' kf;fª Nxfd' -;f]n'v'Da'_
 % 7'nf ufpFkflnsf M
If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df -/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*_
-!_ gfDvf -x'Dnf_ @$!(=^$ ju{ ls=dL= -!_ /fKtL;f]g/L -jfFs]_
-@_ d'u'dsfdf{/f]u -d'u'_ -@_ j}hgfy -jfFs_]
-#_ kmQfªn'ª -tfKn]h'ª_ -#_ vh'/f - jfFs_]
-$_ r'd'g'a|L -uf]/vf_ -$_ hfgsL -s}nfnL_
-%_ v'Da' kf;fª Nxfd' -;f]n'v'Da'_ -%_ dfofb]jL -slknj:t'_
 ltg 7'nf ufpFkflnsf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df -/fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)&*_
-!_ j}hgfy -jfFs]_
-@_ /fKtL;f]g/L -jfFs]_
-#_ vh'/f - jfFs]_
 % ;fgf ufFpkflnsf
If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
-!_ k/jfgLk'/ -jf/f_ — !%=$* ju{ sL=ld -!_ gf/km' , %#*, dgfª
-@_ od'gfdfO{ -/f}tx6_ -@_ rfd], !!@(, dgfª
-#_ b'uf{ eujtL -/f}tx6_ -#_ bfnf]d], dgfª
-$_ lj>fdk'/ -jf/f_ -$_ 5fsf{ tfª;f]ª , 8f]Nkf
-%_ k|;f}gL -jf/f_ -%_ Nxf]dyfª, d':tfª
 ltg ;fgff ufpFkflnsf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df -/fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)&*_
-!_ gfkf{ e"dL, dgfª
-@_ rfd], dgfª
-#_ nf]–3]s/ bfdf]b/s'08, d':tfª

gu/kflnsf
 klxnf] gu/kflnsf — nlntk'/ , !(&% kf}if @
 lj=;= @)&# kmfNu'g @& ut] , %( j6f gu/kflnsf yk eO{ @&^ k'u]sf] 5 .
 ;a}eGbf w]/} gu/kflnsf ePsf] lhNnf — /f}tx6 -!^ j6f_
 Pp6f dfq gu/kflnsf ePsf lhNnf M * j6f -d'u', DofUbL, h'Dnf, /f]Nkf, cf]vn9'+uf, ;f]n'v'Da' , tfKn]h'ª, kfFry/_
 gu/kflnsf gePsf lhNnf — % j6f -dgfª, d':tfª, /;'jf, x'Dnf, ?s'd k"j{_
 gu/kflnsf eGbf a9L pk– dxfgu/ w]/} ePsf] lhNnf — bfª - ! gu/kflnsf , @ pk dxfgu/_
 If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df % 7'nf gu/kflnsf -7'nf] b]vL ;fgf]_ M lztu+uf — c3f{vFfrL -^!)=$# ju{ ls=dL_, cf7ljsf;sf]6— ?s'd klZrd, lqo'uf— pbok'/,
;f]n' b'ws'08 — ;f]n'v'Da', sdnfdfO — l;Gw'nL
 If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df % ;fgf gu/kflnsf -;fgf] b]vL 7'nf]_ M eQmk'/ -eQmk'/ — ^=*( ju{ ls=dL=_, dWok'/ l7dL - eQmk'/ — !!=$& ju{ ls=dL_,
lslt{k'/ -sf7df08f}_, 6f]vf -sf7df08f}_, dxfnIdL -nlntk'/_
 hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df % 7'nf gu/kflnsf -7'nf] b]vL ;fgf]_ -;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*_ M d]rLgu/ -emfkf_, a'9flgns07 -sf7df08f}_, uf]s0f]{Zj/ -
sf7df08f}_, ledbQ -s+rgk'/_, lj/]Gb|gu/ -;'v]{t_
 hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df % ;fgf gu/kflnsf -;fgf] b]vL 7'nf]_ -;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*_ M 7'nL e]/L -8f]Nkf_, lqk''/f ;'Gb/L -8f]Nkf_, dfbL -
;+v'jf;ef_, lh/L -bf]nvf_, ltnfu'kmf -sflnsf]6_
pk— dxfgu/gu/kflnsf
 If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df -;fgf] b]vL 7"nf] Jf0ff{g's|d_ Mg]kfnu~h -*%=($ ju{ ls=dL, aFfs]_, hgsk'/ -wg'iff_, O{6x/L -;'g;/L_, a'6jn -?kGb]xL_, sn}of -
af/f_, w/fg -;'g;/L_, x]6f}8f -dsjfgk'/_, wgu9L -s}nfnL_, lhtk'/– l;d/f -af/f_, t'N;Lk'/ -bfª_, 3f]/fxL -bfª, %@@=@! Jfu{ ls=dL_
 hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df -7'nf] b]vL ;fgf] j0ff{g's|d, ;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*_ M hgsk'/ -wg'iff, !, %(, ^^*_, 3f]/fxL -bfª_, x]6f}F8f -dsjfgk'/_,
wgu9L -s}nfnL_, t'N;Lk'/ -bfª_, O6x/L -;'g;/L_, g]kfnu~h -afFs]_, a'6jn -?kGb]xL_, w/fg -;'g;/L_, sn}of -af/f_, lhtk'/ l;d/f -af/f, !,!&, $(^_,
 hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df -;fgf] b]vL 7'nf] s|d/a9\bf] s|d_, ;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)&*_
!= lhtk'/ l;d/f -af/f_, &= hgsk'/ -wg'iff
@= sn}of -af/f_, *= x]6f}F8f -dsjfgk'/_,
#= g]kfnu~h -afFs]_, (= O6x/L -;'g;/L_,
$= w/fg -;'g;/L_, !)= 3f]/fxL -bfª_,
%= t'N;Lk'/ -bfª_, !!= wgu9L -s}nfnL_,
^= a'6jn -?kGb]xL_,
dxfgu/kflnsf

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 3 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 klxnf] dxfgu/ M sf7df08f} — @)%@ d+l;/ @( df 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
 kl5Nnf dxfgu/ — @)&$ h]7 !& -lj/f6gu/ / lj/u~h_ df 3f]if0ff ul/Psf
g]kfnsf dxfgu/kflnsf
 hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df -;fgf] b]vL 7'nf] s|d/a9\bf] s|d_, ;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)&*_
o lj/f6gu/ – jL/u+h – Nflntk'/– e/tk'/ – kf]v/f – sf7df08f}
Gffd If]qkmn -ju{ ls=dL_ hg;+Vof j8f ;+Vof lhNnf k|b]z
sf7df08f} $(=$% *$%&^& #@ sf7df08f} afudtL
kf]v/f $^$=@$ %!*$%@ ## sf:sL Uf08sL
Nflntk'/ #^=!@ @((*$# @( nlntk'/ afudtL
e/tk'/ $#@=(% #^(#&& @( lrtjg afudtL
jL/u+h !#@=)& @^*@&# #@ k;f{ dw]z
lj/f6gu/ && @$$&%) !( df]/ª !
k|b]z ljljwM
k|b]z lhNnf k|b]z If]qkmn hg;+Vof -Ü_ 7'nf] lhNnf÷ ;fgf] lhNnf -If]qkmn_ 7'nf] lhNnf÷ ;fgf] lhNnf -hg;+Vof_
-!_ !$ !&=^Ü !&=)# tfKn]h'ª÷t]x|y'd df]/ª÷ t]x|y'd
-@_ * ^=^Ü @)=(( ;Kt/L÷ dxf]Q/L ;nf{xL÷ k;f{
-#_ !# !#=*Ü @)=*$ l;Gw'kfNrf]s÷eQmk'/ sf7df08f}÷ /;'jf
-$_ !! !%=#Ü *=$( uf]/vf÷ kj{t sf:sL÷ dgfª
-%_ !@ !!=*Ü !&=%% bfª÷ k/f;L ?kGb]xL ÷ ?s'd k"j{
-^_ !) @!=^Ü %=*! 8f]Nkf÷ ?s'd klZrd ;'v]{t÷ 8f]Nkf
-&_ ( !#=#Ü (=@( aemfª÷ a}t8L s}nfnL÷ bfr'{nf
ljleGg k|b]zdf :yflgo txsf] ljt/0f
k|b]z dxfgu/ pk— dxfgu/ gu/kflnsf ufFpkflnsf s'n :yflgo tx
-!_ lj/f6gu/ O6x/L, w/fg $^ ** -;jf{lws_ !#&
-@_ lj/u~h hgsk'/, sn}of, lhtk'/ l;d/f &# -;jf{lws_ %( !#^
-#_ sf7df08f}, nlntk'/, e/tk'/ x]6f}8f $! &$ !!(
-$_ kf]v/f — @^ %* *%
-%_ — t'N;Lk'/ ,3f]/fxL, a'6jn, g]kfnu~h #@ &# !)(
-^_ — — @% -sd_ %$ &(
-&_ — wgu9L ## %$ **

k|b]z ljljw M
k|b]z ! @ # $ % ^ &
k|ltlglw ;ef lgjf{rg If]q @* #@ ## !* @^ !@ !^
k|b]z ;ef lgjf{rg If]q %^ ^$ ^^ #^ %@ @$ #@
ljljw M
 lxdfnL k|b]zdf ylkPsf lhNnfx? M k"jL{ ?s'd, uf]/vf, wflbª, /fd]5fk -@)&$ c;f]h @( df /fhkqdf k|sflzt / nfu'_, xfn DofUbLnfO{ klg @)&%
kmfNu'0f !( df lxdfnL k|b]zdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
 :yflgo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g @)&$ n] g]kfnsf lhNnf nfO{ % efudf jlu{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . lxdfnL lhNnf M @!, kxf8L lhNnf M@*, t/fO{sf lhNNff M
!*, leqL dw]z M &, sf7df08f} pkTosfsf lhNnf M #
 dxfgu/kflnsf x'gsf] nflu sDtLdf % nfv / pk–dxfgu/kflnsf x'gsf] nflu sDtLdf @ nfv hg;+Vof x'g'kb{5 .
 gu/kflnsf x'gsf] nflu lxdfnL lhNnfsf] lxdfnL If]qdf slDtdf !) xhf/, lxdfnL lhNnfsf] kxf8L If]q tyf kxf8L lhNnfdf sDtLdf $) xhf/, lelq
dw];sf lhNnfdf sDtLdf %) xhf/, t/fOsf lhNnfdf sDtLdf &% xhf/ / sf7df08f} pkTosfleqsf lhNnfdf sDtLdf ! nfv :yfO{ afl;Gbf ePsf]
x'g'kb{5 .
ef}uf]lns ljefhg Mg]kfnnfO{ w/ftlno :j?ksf] cfwf/df lxdfn -!% Ü_, kxf8 -^* Ü_ / t/fO{ -!& Ü_ df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
ljz]iftf lxdfnL k|b]z kxf8L k|b]z t/fO{ k|b]z
prfO{ ##^) ld=– **$*=*^ -@()#@ lkm6_ ^!) ld – ##^) ld= ^) ld=– ^!) ld=
lhNnf !^ -lxdfndf % j6f lhNnf yk] kl5 @! k'u]sf]_ $) -kxf8af6 % j6f lhNnf 36]kl5 #% k'u]sf]_ @!
If]qkmn @%=%Ü -##,!!^=$* ju{ ls=ld=_, % j6f lhNnf %&=%Ü -*(,)$#=%@ ju{ ls=ld=_, % j6f lhNnf !& Ü-@%,)@! ju{
yk] kl5 36]kl5 ls=ld=_
hg;+Vof !)=$!Ü -@&,%*,&(#_ #(=#@Ü -!,)$,!^(@$_ %)=@& Ü -!,##,!*,&*&_
:yflgo tx !^( #)* @&^
ufpFkflnsf !#% !(( !@^
gu/kflnsf #$ !)% !#&
pk=d=g=kf — ! !)
d=g=kf — # #
7"nf] lhNnf 8f]Nkf Hffh/sf]6 s}nfnL
;fgf] lhNnf k'jL{ ?s'd eQmk'/ k/f;L
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 4 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff

t/fO{ k|b]z
t/fO{sf] ljefhg
! vf; t/fO{ M ^) ld – @)) ld= d}bfgL If]q, cGgsf] e08f/, kfFuf] df6f]n] ag]sf] pj{/ e"ld d}bfgL If]q xf] .
@= efj/ k|b]z M @)) ld – #)) ld=Mrf/sf]z] emf8L oxL >]0fLdf kb{5 -efj/sf] k]6L ;d]t dflgG5_
#= lelq dw]z÷b'g If]q M #))–^!) ld=, b'g If]q Mlelq dw]zdf kg]{ lhNnfx? M
 pbok'/, l;Gw'nL, dsjfgk'/, lrtjg, gjnk'/, bfª, ;'v]{t -k"j{ b]vL klZrd_
 bfª -@(%% ju{ lsld_, l;Gw'nL, ;'v]{t dsjfgk'/ lrtjg pbok'/ gjnk'/ -!#&) ju{ lsld_ -7"nf] b]vL ;fgf]_
 lelq dw]zn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn M *=% Ü
ljljw Mg]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf xf]rf] e"efu M wg'iff, d';x/gLoFf, ^) ld= prfO{df
kxf8L k|b]z M of] k|b]znfO{ dxfef/t >]0fL, dWoe"dL / r'/] >]0fLdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
 dxfef/t kj{t -xf]rf] lxdfno_ M–
o dxfef/t kj{tnfO{ df]8bf/ kj{t If]q elgG5 .
o dxfef/t kj{tsf] ;jf]{Rr :yfg M z}n'ª 8fF8f, bf]nvf, #%)) ld=
 r'/] kj{t – lzjflns, afXo lxdfno_ – r'/] kj{tsf] ;jf]{Rr :yfg M ufjf{, s}nfnL, !*&@ ld=
lxdfnL k|b]z M
 of] k|b]znfO{ j[li6 5foFf / d?e'dLsf] k|b]z elgG5 .
 kq] r6\6fgn] ag]sf] of] k|b]zsf] lardf e~Hofª, k"j{ v'lDrPsf] / klZrd k}mlnPsf] cj:yf 5 .
 of] k|b]znfO{ d'Vo lxdfnL, leqL lxdfnL, l;dfGt lxdfnL df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
!= d'Vo lxdfn M %))) ld6/ – **$*=*^ ld6/ ;Dd km}lnPsf], *))) ld6/ dflysf lxdfn /x]sf, k|yd :t/sf glbsf] pb\ud:yn

@= leqL lxdfn÷ef]6 k|b]z ÷lxdfnL pkTosf M @$)) ld6/– %))) ld6/ ;Dd km}lnPsf], ;/b/ %))) ld6/sf] prfOdf :yfoL lxd/]vf /x]sf] 5 . $%))
ld6/sf] ?kLgfn, uf]/vf, ;a}eGbf tNnf] :yfgsf] :yfoL lxd/]vf xf] h'g leqL lxdfndf kb{5 .

#= l;dfGt lxdfnL M ^))) ld6/– &))) ;Dd, j[li6 5fofF kg]{ ePsf]n] v]tLkftL / a;f]af;sf nfuL cg'ko'Qm
lxd>+vnf M
 ljZjs} ;jf{lws 7"nf] kj{tdfnf lxdfno kj{tdfnfdf g]kfnsf ;a} @* lxd>+vnf / !* pk–>+vnf olx k|b]zdf kb{5g\ .
 ljZjdf * xhf/ ld6/ cUnf lxdfn !$ j6f 5g\ . lo dWo] * j6f g]kfndf kb{5g\ . ljZjdf *%)) ld6/ cUnf lxdfn $ j6f 5g\ eg] g]kfndf #
j6f 5g\ .
 ljZjsf] bf];|f] cUnf] lxdfn dfp06 s]6' (Mount K2, Savage Mountain), kfls:tfg -*^!! ld6/ cUnf]_ / gjf}F cUnf] lxdfn gª\uf kj{t -
kfls:tfg, *!@% ld6/ cUnf]_ . lo b'j} sf/sf]/d lxd>[ª\vnfdf kb{5g\ .
 lz;f kfª\df -*)@& ld6/_ ljZjsf] !$cf}F cUnf] lxdfn ltAatdf kb{5 .
 sf7df08f} af6 ;a}eGbf glhsdf kg]{ lxdfn h'un lxdfn -^%#% ld6/, l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ xf] . o;nfO{ e}/j 6fs'/f klg elgG5 .
 g]kfndf ePsf *))) ld6/ cUnf * lxdfn oxL >]0fLdf kb{5g\ .
lxdfn prfO{ -ld6/_ lxd>[ª\vnf lhNnf k|b]z
;u/dfyf **$*=*^ ld6/ -@()#@ lkm6_ v'Da'÷dxfn+u'/ ;f]n'v'Da' !
s~rgh+uf *%*^ s~rgh+uf tfKn]h'ª !
Nxf]T;] *%!^ v'Da'÷dxfn+u'/ ;f]n'v'Da' !
dsfn' *$^# s'Des0f{÷dxfn+u'/ ;+v'jf;ef !
rf] cf]o' *@)! v'Da'÷dxfn+u'/ ;f]n'v'Da' !
wjnflu/L *!^& wjnflu/L DofUbL Uf08sL
dgf:n' *!^# u0f]z÷dgl;/L uf]/vf Uf08sL
cGgk"0f{ *)(! cGgk"0f{ sf:sL Uf08sL
 ;g\ !(%# d] @( df klxnf] k6s ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f t]lGhª gf]u]{ z]kf{ -Go'lhNof08_ / P8d08 lxnf/L -g]kfn_ n] u/]sf lyP .
 ;g\ !(&% d] !^ df klxnf] dlxnf cf/f]xL h'gsf] tfj]O{ -hfkfg_ n] ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f u/]sL lyO{g .
 ;g\ !(&* d] * df /fO08 xf]N8 d]zg/ -O{6fnL_ / lk6/ Xofjn/ -cli6«of_ n] k|yd k6s clS;hg lagf ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f u/] .
 ;g\ !((# clk|n @@ -@)%) ;fn j}zffv !) ut]_ klxnf] g]kfnL dlxnf cf/f]xL kf;fª Nxfd' z]kf{n] ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f u/Lg\ .
 ;g\ @)!( d] #) df ldª\df bf]hL{ z]kf{n] ^ 306f ! ldg]6 df ;u/dfyfsf] cf/f]x0f ub}{ ;jf{lws l56f] ;u/dfyfdf k'Ug] lslt{dfg sfod u/] .
 @)@@ d] )& -@)&( a}zfv @$_ df sfld/Ltf z]kf{n] ;u/dfyfdf @^ k6s k'u]/ ljZj lslt{dfg sfod u/] .
 *))) ld6/ cUnf lxdfn dWo] ;a}eGbf k|yd k6s cf/f]x0f ul/Psf] lxdfn dfp06 cGgk'0f{ xf] . k|mfG;]nL gful/s n'O; n]r]g]n / df}/L; xhf]{un] ;g\
!(%) h'g # df o;sf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f u/]sf lyP .
 g]kfn ;/sf/n] lxdfn cf/f]x0f ;g\ !($( af6 v'Nnf u/]sf] lyof] .
 xfn g]kfn ;/sf/n] cf/f]x0fsf nfuL $!% j6f lxdfn v'Nnf u/]sf] 5 . -clGtd k6s cf/f]x0f ul/Psf] lxdfn h'un lxdfn xf]_ .
 df5fk'R5]| -^((* ld_ cf/f]x0f ug{ lj=;+= @)@) kmfNu'g % ut] af6 k|ltaG3 nufOof] .
;u/dfyfsf] prfO{ gfKg] 6f]nL ;u/dfyfsf] r'r'/f]df M
 ;u/dfyfsf] prfO{ gfKgsf nfuL ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fdf uPsf] g]kfnsf] k|fljlws 6f]nL @)!( d] @@ -@)&^ h]i7 * _ df ljxfg #M!% ah] ;u/dfyfsf]
prfO{df k'u]/ ljz]if oGq dfkm{t ;u/dfyfsf] prfO{ gfk]sf] 5 .
 #) ldg]6 eGbf a9L r'r'/f]df ljtfPsf o; % ;bl:oo l6dsf ln8/ k|d'v gfkL clws[t lvdfnfn uf}td lyP .
 cf/f]x0f ;+u} ljz]if oGq dfkm{t ;u/dfyfsf] prfO{ /]s8{ u/L ;u/dfyfsf] lzv/df lhPgPgP; lhlkP; ;]6 u/L kmls{Psf lyP .
 ;g\ !(%$ df ef/tn] ;u/dfyfsf] prfO{ **$* ld6/ dfkg u/]sf] lyof] eg] !((( df cd]/Lsfn] ;u/dfyfsf] prfO{ **%) ld6/ dfkg u/]sf] lyof] .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 5 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 g]kfnn] klxnf] k6s ;u/dfyfsf] prfO{ dfkg ug{ cfˆg} k|fljlws 6f]nL @)&% r}q @& ut] ;u/dfyf tkm{ k7fPsf] lyof] . g]kfnL 6f]nL g]kfn tkm{sf] blIf0f
df]xf]8faf6 r'r'/f]df k'u]sf] lyof]
 lvdfnfn uf}tdn] ;g\ @)!! Dff lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f bnsf] ;b:o eO{ ;u/dfyfsf] cf/f]x0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
;u/dfyfsf] gofF prfO 3f]if0ff M
 3f]if0ff ldltM @)&& d+l;/ @# -@)@) l8;]Da/ *_
 ;u/dfyfsf] gofF prfO **$*=*^ ld6/ sfod ePsf] 5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyfsf] prfO *^ ;]lG6ld6/ a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
 g]kfnn] blIf0ftkm{sf] ;d'G›L ;txnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ;u/dfyfsf] prfO{ 3f]if0ff xf] .
 o;cl3 ef/tsf] ;j]{ ckm OlG8ofn] ;g\ !(%$ df ;u/dfyfsf] prfO **$* ld6/ dfkg u/]sf] lyof] .
xªsªsL cf/f]xLn] ;u/dfyfdf /flvg\ ;a}eGbf l56f] r9\g] dlxnfsf] sLlt{dfg
 xªsªsL cf/f]xL ;fª oL xªn] ;u/dfyfdf ;a}eGbf l56f] cf/f]x0f ug]{ dlxnf cf/f]xLsf] sLlt{dfg /fv]sL l5g\ .
 pgL zlgaf/ lbpF;f] @)&* h]7 * ut], ! ah]/ @) ldg]6df ;u/dfyfsf] cfwf/ lzlj/af6 psfnf] nfu]sL lyOg\ .
 pgL cfOtaf/ lbpF;f] @)&* h]7 ( ut], # ah]/ !) ldg]6df r'r'/f] k'u]sL lyOg .
 o;cg';f/ pgn] @% 306f %) ldg]6df r'r'/f] r'Dg ;kmn ePsL l5g\ .
x';'/8fF8f aGof] ax/fOg lks
 uf]/vf ;fdfufpFjf;Ln] :yfgLo x';'/8fF8fnfO{ …/f]on ax/fOg lksÚ gfds/0f u/]sf 5g\ .
 dgf:n' lxdfn cf/f]x0fsf nflu cfPsf ax/fOgsf /fhs'df/ z]v df]xDdb xdfb df]xDdb cn vlnkmfsf] ;Ddfgdf ax/fOgsf] /fhkl/jf/sf] gfdaf6}
r'dg'a|L ufpFkflnsf–! ;fdfufpFjf;Ln] :yfgLo x';'/8fF8f sf] gfd …/f]on ax/fOg lksÚ gfds/0f u/]sf x'g\ .
cf7 xhf/ ld6/ dflysf !$ j6f lxdfn cf/f]x0fdf lslt{dfg M
 #^ jifL{of g]kfnL o'jf lgd{n k'hf{n] ^ dlxgfdf * xhf/ ld6/ cUnf !$ j6} lxdfn cf/f]x0f u/L ljZj lslt{dfg sfod u/]sf 5g\ .
 pgL ;a}eGbf l56f] * xhf/ ld6/ dflysf lxdfn cf/f]x0f ug]{ cf/f]xL ag]sf 5g\ .
 pgn] @)!( cS6f]j/ @( -@)&^ sflt{s !@_ ut] d+unaf/ ljxfg * jh]/ %* ldg]6 hFfbf ltAatsf] lzO;f kfª\df -*)@& ld_ cf/f]x0f u/L pQm /]s8{
sfod u/]sf x'g\ .
 k|f]h]S6 kf]l;an gfd lbP/ ljZjsf * xhf/ ld6/ cUnf lxdfn cf/f]x0fsf] nIo lnP/ pgL cuf8L j9]sf lyP .
 pgn] o;sf] nfuL & dlxgfsf] ;do 5'6\ofPsf lyP t/ pgn] cfˆgf] nIo ^ dlxgf ^ lbgd} k'/f u/]sf lyP .
 * xhf/ ld6/ dflysf ;a} lxdfn cf/f]x0f ug]{ klxnf] g]kfnL ldËdf z]kf{ x'g\ . pgn] ;g\ @)!! Dff s+rgh+ufsf] cf/f]x0f u/]k5L pQm lslt{dfg sfod
u/]sf lyP .
 o;c3L of] lslt{dfg b=sf]l/ofsf cf/f]xL lsd rfª\ xf]sf] gfddf lyof] . pgn] & jif{ !! dlxgf !$ lbgdf pQm lslt{dfg sfod u/]sf lyP .
 o; cl3 of] lslt{dfg kf]Nof08sf cf/f]xL h]hL{ s's'Hhfsf] gfddf lyof] . pgn] em08} * jif{ nufP/ ;g\ !(*& df of] lslt{dfg sfod u/]sf lyP .
 xfn ;Dd * xhf/ ld6/ lxdfn cf/f]x0f ug]{sf] ;+Vof $$ k'u]sf] 5 h;dWo] % hgf g]kfnL -ldª\df z]kf{, 5fª\bfjf z]kf{, ;fg' z]kf{, ldª\df 8]le8, lgd{n
k'hf{_ /x]sf 5g\ .
 * xhf/ ld6/ dflysf ;a} lxdfn cf/f]x0f ug]{ klxnf] JolQm /fO08 xf]N8 d]zg/ -O6fnL_ x'g\ .
 /fO08 xf]N8 d]zg/n] ;g\ !(*^ df yk clS;hg k|of]u gul/sg} * xhf/ ld6/ dflysf ;a} lxdfn cf/f]x0f u/]sf lyP .
 ;g\ @)!) df * xhf/ ld6/ dflysf ;a} lxdfn cf/f]x0f ug]{ k|yd dlxnf O8'g{ kf;jfg jlgg\ .
^%( hgf4f/f Ps]rf]6L ;u/dfyf cf/f]c0f M cf/f]x0f ldlt M@)&^ h]i7 #!
klxnf]k6s lxpFbofddf dfpG6 s]@ sf] cf/f]x0f
 lgd{n k'hf{ du/ sf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] !) ;bl:oo 6f]lnn] klxnf]k6s lxpFbofddf ;kmntfk'a{s dfpG6 s]@ sf] cf/f]x0f u/]sf] 5 .
 cf/f]x0f ldltM @)&& df3 # -@)@! hgj/L !^_
 of] cf/f]x0f bndf /x]sf ldª\df lh z]kf{n] lagf clS;hg s] @ sf] cf/f]x0f u/]s lyP .
 kfls:tfgdf /x]sf] sf/sf]/d z[Gvnfdf kg]{ dfpG6 s] @ nfO :ofe]h dfpG6]gsf] gfdn] ;d]t lrlgG5 .
;u/dfyf k'/:sf/ @)@) / @)@!
 ;u/dfyf k'/:sf/ @)@) – nfdf] ;do;Dd ;a}eGbf sfG5f] cf/f]xLsf] /]s8{ sfod /fVg ;kmn zDe' tfdfªnfO{
 ;u/dfyf k'/:sf/ @)@! – ;jf{lws ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ug]{ sfdLl/tf z]kf{nfO{
 /fzL M ? ! nfv
 !& jif{sf] pd]/df ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f u/]sf zDe' tfdfªsf] /]s{8 @( jif{kl5 ;g\ @))! df t]Dafl5/L z]kf{n] a|]s u/]sf lyP .
t]lGhª – lxnf/L k'/:sf/ @)@! M
 lah]tf M bf]nvfsf ldª\df UofNh] z]kf{, km"Ghf] hfª\d' nfdf / zld{nf nfdf
g]kfnsf k|d'v lxdfn r'r'/f M
 d's'6 r'/]g M &#&! ld=-DofUbL_ nfª6fª lxdfn M &@#$ ld= -/;'jf_ ;}kfn M &)#! ld= -aemfª_
 clk lks M &!#@ ld= -bfr'{nf_ sflGh/f]jf M ^**# ld= -8f]Nkf_ df5fk'R5«] M ^((* ld= -sf:sL_
 uf]/v lxdfn M ^)** ld= -d'u'_ bfdf]b/ M d':tfª gfnfs+s/, r08L M x'Dnf
 u'/fF; M bfr'{nf, uf}td M 8f]Nkf sflGt M d'u',
lxdfn / ltgsf gfd÷ pkgfd
kj{t÷ lxdfn gofF gfd÷pkgfd
>L cGt'8f8f lbk]Gb| lzv/
;u/dfyf kGwf}| r'nL ÷ TheThird pole / ;+;f/sL cfdf
cfdbAnd n]l8h lks, ^&($ ld= -;f]n'v'Da'_
dgf:n' lsn/ dfpG6]g, Mountain of Spirit
;fh]{ lxdfn zfGtL lks÷ Peak 38, &%(! ld6/ -;f]n'v'Da'_
Sm~rgh+3f kfrF r'lnsf] lxdfn ÷ g]kfn lxdfn÷ clgb]z r'nL
uf}/Lz+s/ kflye/f lxdfn
wf}nflu/L ;]tf] lxdfn÷ ^ r'nLsf] lxdfn
df5fk'R5]| s'df/L lxdfn, Matter Horn of Nepal
hf;Djf kf;fª Nxfd' r'nL -;f]n'v'Da'_
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 6 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
s]xL pkgfdx?
 lxdlrt'jf M cfËl/tf z]kf{ lxd;/bf/ M ;f]gd l5l/Ë z]kf{ lxdtf/f M afa'l5/L z]kf{
 lxpFsf] af3 M t]l~hË gf]u]{ z]kf{ lxdfnsL 5f]/L M kf;fª Nxfd' z]kf{ lxdlrt'jfsf] uf]7fnf] M 8f=3gZofd u'?Ë
gbL–gfnfx?
gbLsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] ljefhg M gbL gfnfsf] cfwf/df g]kfnnfO{ tLg efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
sf]zL k|b]z M s+rgh+uf lxdfn b]vL nfª6fª lxdfn ;Ddsf] k|jfx If]q, tfKn]h'ª – /;'jf ;Dd
u08sL k|b]z M nfª6fª lxdfn b]vL wjnflu/L lxdfn ;Ddsf] k|jfx If]q, /;'jf–DofUbL ;Dd
s0ff{nL k|b]z M wjnflu/L lxdfn b]vL Jof; Clif lxdfn ;Ddsf] k|jfx If]q, DofUbL–bfr'{nf ;Dd
 g]kfn hn;|f]tsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ljZjdf bf];|f] ;DkGg d'n's dflgG5 .
 g]kfndf ePsf em08} ^))) ;fgf 7"nf gbL gfnfsf] s'n nDafO{ $%,))) ls=dL= eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 .
 ltAatdf d'n ePsf gbLx? tfdfsf]zL, s0ff{nL, tdf]/, c?0f, ;'gsf]zL, lqz'nL .
 Ps} gfdn] @ lt/ aUg] gbL – /fKtL
 g]kfnsf] Psdfq pN6f] -blIf0f af6 pQ/_ aUg] gbL – sdf]{gzf
 pQ/ jflxgL eg]/ sdf]{gzf gbLnfO{ lrlgG5 eg] pQ/ u+uf eg]/ ;fgf] e]/L gbLnfO{ lrlgG5 .
 cf]nfª\rª' \uf]nf 3fF6L eP/ g]kfn k|j]z ug]{ Ps dfq gbL – tdf]/
 ef/tdf dxfsfnL gbLnfO{ zf/bf, d]rLnfO{ dxfgGbf / aaO{ nfO{ ;/o' elgG5 .
 @ gbLsf] ;+ud bf]efg xf] eg] ltg gbLsf] ;+ud lqj]0fL xf] .
 sflnu08sL gbLnfO{ rs|cfsf/ gbL elgG5 . of] gbL ;flnu|fdsf] nfuL k|Voft 5 .
g]kfnsf gbLx?nfO{ pTkltsf cfwf/df # efudf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 M
k|yd :t/ M lxdfno kj{taf6 pTktL x'g] gbLx? . ;Ktsf]zL, ;Ktu08sL, ;Kts0ff{nL / dxfsfnL . k|yd :t/sf gbLaf6 k|r'/ dfqfdf ljB't pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5
.
bf];|f] :t/ Mdxfef/t kj{taf6 pTktL x'g] gbLx? . pbfx/0fM d]rL, afUdtL, sdnf, lqo'uf, s+sfO{, jf0fu+uf, /fKtL O{TofbL . oL gbLaf6 ju]sf] kfgL l;+rfO{
k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 .
t];|f] :t/ M r'/] kj{taf6 pTktL x'g] gbLx? . pbfx/0fM /t'jf, ltnfj], l;l;{of, dg':df/f, xlb{gfy, cflb . lo gbLx? aiff{tdf u8u8fpFb} axg] / lxFpbdf k|fo ;'Vvf
x'g] u5{g\ . o:tf glbnfO{ vx/] vf]nf elgG5 .
k|yd :t/sf gbLx? ;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L
ljz]iftf sf]zL u08sL ÷gf/fo0fL s0ff{nL
;xfos gbL tdf]/, c?0f, b'wsf]zL, lnv' tfdfsf]zL, lqz'nL, a'l9u08sL, b/f}FbL, d:of{ªbL, dfbL, ;fgf] e]/L, 7"nL e]/L, d'u' s0ff{nL, ltnf
;'gsf]zL, O{GbfjtL -k"j{ b]vL klZrd_ ;]tLu08sL, sfnLu08sL -k"j{ b]vL klZrd_ x'Dnf s0ff{nL, a'9L u+uf, ;]tL u+uf
-k"j{ b]vL klZrd_
nDafO{ &@) ls=ld= -7"nf]_ ##* ls=ld= -ulx/f]_ %)& ls=ld= -nfdf]_
jxfj Ifdtf !%^$ 3gld6/÷;]s]G8 !&!# 3gld6/÷;]s]G8 !#!^ 3gld6/÷;]s]G8
ljB't Ifdtf @@,))) d]uffj6 @!,))) d]ufjf6 #@,))) d]ufjf6
l;+lrt If]q ##,))) ju{ ls=ld @^,))) ju{ ls=ld $(,))) ju{ ls=ld
cGo sf}lzs Clifsf] gfdaf6 gfds/0f ePsf] u08sL gbL / gf/fo0fL gbL Ps} x'g\ . 8lNkmg df5fsf] nflu k|Voft gbL, klxnf]
kN6 lj=;+= @)#* ;fndf b]vfk/]sf]
ljz]iftf ef/tdf sf]zL gbLnfO{ bfdf]b/÷ ljxf/sf] b'Mv sflnu08sL gbL zflnu|fdsf] nflu k|Voft 5 . ef/tdf o;nfO{ 3fF3/f elgG5
elgG5 . ef/tdf o;nfO{ u08s elgG5 .
afn'jf jxg Ifdtfdf ljZjsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] gbL .
7"nf] gbL c?0f sfnLu08sL x'Dnf s0ff{nL
;fgf] gbL lnv' lqz'nL ltnf
Nffdf] gbL c?0f d:of{ªbL x'Dnf s0ff{nL
k|d'v gbLsf] kf}/f0fLs gfd
 c?0f M dxfk|ef ;'gsf]zL M z'e>jf b'wsf]zL M eb|fjtL
 OGb|fjtL M ;TojflxgL lnv' M x]du+uf tdf]/ M b'vMwL
 a'l9u08sL M o;f]w/f dfbL M df08jL, sf}dfo{ :j?kf d:of{ª\bL M lztk|ef
 b/f}FbL M ljZjwf/f lqz'nL M wd{wf/f, lqz'nu+uf s0ff{nL M k~r]Zj/L
 ;]tL M a}i0fjL :j?kf r]k] M rDkfjtL 6's'rf M OR5'dtL
 /fKtL M clr/fjtL jf0fu+uf M elu/yL lemd|'s M wdf{jtL
 wf]jLvf]nf M ?b|dlt sd{gzf M ss'dtL sflnu08sL M s[i0fu08sL, u+uf :j?kf
g]kfnsf ljleGg gbLsf pb\ud:yn
 b'wsf]zL M b'ws'08 OGb|fjtL M h'un lxdfnsf] kfFr kf]v/L bx lnv' M /f]Njflnª lxd>[+vnf
 tdf]/ M s'Des0f{ lxdfn sflnu08sL M d':tfª n]s a'9L u08sL M u0f]z lxdfn
 ;]tL M ;}kfn lxdfn dfbL, ;]tL M cGgk"0f{ lxdfn d:of{ª\bL M dgf:n' lxdfn÷d'lQmgfy lxdfn
 b/f}FbL M a'4 lxdfn lqz'nL M uf];fFOs'08 d]rL M nfnLvs{
 d'u' s0ff{nL M n4fv lxdfn a'9Lu+ufM hub'Nnfx tfn afUdtL M afu4f/
 ;fgf] e]/L M 9f]/kf6g -wf}nflu/L lxdfn_ 7"nf] e]/L M sflGh/f]jf lxdfn lji0f'dtL M ;kglty{
 lemd|'s M uf}d'vL dxfsfnL M clk lxdfn -hf:s/ lxdfn_ sdnf M l;Gw'nL u9L
lxdgbL M
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] lxdgbL M nfË6fª\ -!* ls=dL_, /;'jf
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] lxdgbL M v'Da' -#@ ls=dL_, ;f]n'v'Da'
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 7 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] / nfdf] lxdgbL M NofDa6{ -$)) ls=dL_, cG6f6L{sf dxfb]z
 ljZjsf] ;jf]R{ r :yfgdf /x]sf] lxdgbL M v'Da', ;f]n'v'Da', &^)) ld6/
s'g bx sxFf
 bfª M ef]6] bx, rl/ª\u] bx, lsrsgL bx, :ofªNofª bx sf7df8f}F M 6f} bx, s6'jfn bx
 ;Nofg M s'le08] bx, s5'jf bx af/f M sfldgL bx
 8f]6L M l;d|LvfgL bx, ;'g bx h'Dnf M lu/L bx, z]vbx
 c3f{vfrL M OkL bx, :ofªnfª bx pbok'/ M hf]uL bx
 d'u' M C0fdf]If bx, 5fofgfy bx s~rgk'/ M j]tsf]6 bx
 nlntk'/ M gfubx, afns'df/L bx aemfª M vKt8 bx, ltdf bx
 ;'v]{t M l;d|L bx, d'/nL bx, hfh'/f bx l;/xf M sdn bx
 ?s'd M :ofk"{ bx, ?Sd0fL bx, ?s'dsf]6 bx ;Kt/L M ef]sf/L bx, 7fs'/afaf bx
 c5fd M /fd/f]zg bx, lhufn] bx, tfpn] bx emfkf M uf}/f bx, lrnfu8 bx
s'g s'08 sxFf
 1fg s'08 M wg'iff uf];fOs'08, u0f]zs'08 M /;'jf e}/js'08,gfus'08 M /;'jf
 zflGts'08 M sf:sL b'w s'08 M ;f]n'v'Da' gf/bs'08 M uf]/vf
 u+uf–hd'gf s'08 M wflbª bfdf]b/ s'08 M d':tfª kfks'08 M d'u'
g]kfnsf ljleGg lhNnfdf /x]sf tfn tyf kf]v/L
 sf:sL M km]jf, ?kf, a]ugf;, d}bL, a'9'jf, :ofv'{, vf:6] 8f]Nkf M kmf]S;'G8f] tfn, hub'Nnf tfn
 kfNkf M ;'s] tfn, gGbg tfn, ;TojtL tfn kj{t M v/Lj/fx tfn, vo/ a/fx tfn
 l;Gw'kfNrf]s M tf/f v;]sf] kf]v/L, l;kf kf]v/L dgfª M ltlnrf] tfn, k'u]g tfn
 DofUbL M efn] af:g] tfn, tftf]kfgL tfn d':tfª M l;4afaf tfn, bx7]sL tfn, w'Daf tfn
 ;+v'jf;ef M ;efkf]v/L, l;4kf]v/L, dT:okf]v/L vf]6fª M a/fx tfn, l5tfkf]v/L
 ef]hk'/ M ;fNkfkf]v/L, k~rsGofkf]v/L, xfF;kf]v/L, sfnkf]v/L 8f]6L M vKt8 tfn, 5ltjg tfn
 Onfd M dfO{kf]v/L, xfF;kf]v/L, nIdLkf]v/L ;'v]{t M a'na'n] tfn
 wg'iff M u+uf;fu/, og';f;fu/, /fd;fu/, /Tg;fu/ s~rgk'/ M lemnfldnf tfn, aGbf tfn, j]bsf]6f tfn
 k;f{ M a~hf/L tfn, 3l/cjf{ tfn, 5ks}of tfn, a}3LdfO{ kf]v/L /fd]5fk M lbdL kf]v/L, e't kf]v/L
 df]/ª M r'nLkf]v/L, /fhf/fgL tfn, j]tgf tfn, ;'gjiff{ kf]v/L ?kGb]xL M uh]8L tfn
 sf7df8f}F M sdnkf]v/L, gfukf]v/L, /fgLkf]v/L, kfgLkf]v/L, uxgfkf]v/L
 s}nfnL M 3f]8f3f]8L tfn, k'/}gf tfn, hf]v/ tfn, nf}sfe's] tfn, lkkjf{ tfn, vlgof tfn
 lrtjg M s;/f tfn, gGbefph' tfn, u8'jf tfn, tdf]/3}nf tfn, d'h'/f tfn, aL;xhf/L tfn, ;f]x«xhf/L tfn
g]kfnsf] ;jf{lws 7"nf] tfn M /f/f, d'u' lhNnf
 lj=;+= @)@) r}q !# df dx]Gb| tfn gfdfs/0f, of] ;d'b| ;txaf6 @(() ld6/ dfly /x]sf] 5 .
 nDafO{ * ls=dL=, rf}8fO{ !=% ls=dL= / ulx/fO{ !^& ld6/ ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf df5f kfOg] ljZjsf] Ps dfq tfn
 o;af6 lg:s]sf] vf]nfnfO{ vTof8 vf]nf elgG5 .
g]kfnsf] ;jf{lws ulx/f] tfn M z]—kmf]S;'G8f], 8f]Nkf lhNnf
 of] tfnnfO{ /LUdf] tfn, lglh{j tfn klg elgG5 .
 ;d'Gb| ;txjf6 #^!# ld6/ dfly cjl:yt 5 .
 olt prfOdf of] tfnleq s'g}klg lhljt k|f0fL gkfOg] ePsf]n] o; tfnnfO{ lglh{j tfn elgG5
 of] tfnsf] cfsf/ jfO{ jf u'n]nL cfsf/sf] 5 . nDjfO{ $=* ls=dL , rf}8fO{ !=^ ld6/ / ulx/fO{ ^%) ld6/
 of] tfnsf] kfgLaf6 g]kfnsf] ;jf]{Rr :yfgjf6 em/gf emb{5, h;nfO{ z'nLufF8 em/gf -!^& ld=nfdf]_ elgG5 . #^!# ld6/ prfO{jf6 emb{5 .
ljZjsf] ;jf{lws prfOdf /x]sf] tfn M ltlnrf] tfn, dgfª,
 nDafO{ $ ls=dL=, rf}8fO{ !=@ ls=dL= / ulx/fO{ @)) ld6/
 of] ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 $(!( ld6/sf] prfOdf cjl:yt 5 .
xfjfkfgLsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] ljefhg
 g]kfnsf] w/ftnLo :j?k blIf0faf6 pQ/lt/ prfO{ a9\b} hfg] x'gfn] g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgLdf ljljwtf kfOG5 .
 xfjfkfgLsf] :j?k tyf cj:yf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgLnfO{ % efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
!= pi0f dg;'gL xfjfkfgL
 g]kfnsf] !@)) ld6/sf] prfO;Ddsf If]qx? t/fO{, efj/ k|b]z, ulx/f pkTosfx?, 6f/, j]zL / lelq dw]zdf pi0f dg;'gL xfjfkfgL kfOG5 .
 u[idofddf oxfFsf] tfks|d #*) b]lv $@) ;]lN;o; k'Ub5 . zLtsfndf !%) b]lv %) ;]lN;o; ;Dd cf]n{G5 .
 jiff{ Ct'df lxGb dxf;fu/sf] a+ufnsf] vfF8Laf6 cfpg] dg;'gL jfo'n] o; If]qdf ;/b/ @)) ;]lG6ld6/ ;Dd jiff{ u/fpF5 .
 v]tLkftL tyf af]6 la?jfsf nflu ;'xfpFbf] xfjfkfgL
@= Gofgf] ;dlztf]i0f xfjfkfgL
 ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 !@)) ld6/–@!)) ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfOdf o:tf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 .
 r'/] tyf dWoe"ldsf] dflyNnf] If]qdf kfOg] o:tf] xfjfkfgL u[iddf Gofgf] / lxpFbdf hf8f] x'G5 .
 u[idofddf tfkqmd #@) ;]lN;o; ;Dd / zLtsfndf %) ;Dd k'U5 .
 u[iddf o; If]qdf !))–@)) ;]lG6ld6/;Dd jiff{ x'G5 eg] lxpFbdf sd x'G5 .
#= 708f ;dlztf]i0f xfjfkfgL
 @!)) ld– ##%) ld ;Ddsf] prfOdf dxfef/tsf] pRr efu / lxdfno kj{tsf] tNnf] efudf o; k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 .
 o; If]qdf u[idofddf tfks|d !%)–@%) ;]lN;o; ;Dd / lxpFbdf ));Dd k'Ub5 .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 8 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 oxfF jiff{ !)) ;]lG6ld6/ ;Dd x'G5 eg] lxpFbdf lxpF kb{5 .
$= n]sfnL xfjfkfgL
 ##%) ld6/– %))) ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfOdf o; k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 .
 leqL lxdfno / lxdfno kj{tsf] lxd/]vf;Dd o:tf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 .
 of] xfjfkfgL kfOg] If]qdf udL{df tfks|d !)) ;]lN;o; ;Dd / hf8f]df )) ;]lN;o; eGbf tn k'Ub5 .
 oxfF jiff{ #) ;]lG6ld6/ hlt x'G5 .
 o:tf] If]qdf v]tLkftL /fd|f] x'Fb}g tfklg kz'kfng / ko{6sLo b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 .
%= 6'G8«f jf lxdfnL xfjfkfgL -lztd?e'dL_
 %))) ld6/ eGbf dflysf] prfO{df o:tf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 .
 o; k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfOg] :yfgdf tfks|d )) ;]lN;o; eGbf klg sd x'G5 .
 o; If]qdf afx«} dlxgf lxpF kl//xg] ePsf]n] cTolws dfqfdf hf8f] x'G5 .
 oxfF dWofGx kl5 lxpFsf] eLif0f x'/L rNb5 / ;fy} prfO{ a9L x'gfn] xfjf kftnf] x'G5 .
 oxfFsf] xfjfkfgL nfO{ lztd?e'dL elgG5 .
jgh+un÷jg:ktLsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] ljefhg M
 w/ftlno :j?k / xfjfkfgLsf] ljljwtfsf] sf/0fn] g]kfndf ljleGg k|sf/sf jg:klt kfOG5g\ .
 o; cfwf/df g]kfnsf] jgh+unnfO{ % k|sf/df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 .
!= pi0f d?:ynLo ;bfjxf/ h+un
 prfO{ M %( ld6/–!@)) ld6/ ;Dd
 kfOg] jg:klt M ;fn, l;;f}, vo/, l;dn, ;lt;fn / kfOg] kz'k+IfL M xfQL, u}F8f, af3, efn', d[u cflb
 k"j{b]lv klZrd ;Dd ;dfgfGt/ ?kdf km}lnPsf] of] h+un rf/ sf]z;Dd km}lnPsf]n] o;nfO{ rf/sf]z] emf8L elgG5 .
@= ;dlztf]i0f ktem8 h+un
 prfO{ M !@)) ld6/–@!)) ld6/ ;Dd . kfO{g] jg:klt M b]jbx, u'F/f;, lrnfpg], ;fn, ;Nnf, rfFk, s6';, cf]v/
#= ;dlztf]i0f sf]0fwf/L h+un
 prfO{ M @!))–##%) ld6/ ;Dd . kfOg] jg:klt M w'lk, afF;, ef]hkq
 km}nfj6 M dxfef/t kj{tsf] dflyNnf] efu tyf lxdfno kj{tsf] tNnf] efudf
$= n]sfnL jg:klt M prfO{ M ##%)–%))) ld6/ ;Dd . o; If]qdf ;–;fgf jg:klt / 3fF;o'Qm If]qdfq e]l6G5 .
%= 6'G8«f jg:klt
 prfO{ M %))) ld6/ eGbf dfly . of] prfOdf afx«} dlxgf h;f] lxpFn] 9flsg] x'Fbf jg:klt kfOFb}g .
 lxdfnosf vf]Fr 9fF8x?df kfOg] sfO{, n]pm g} o; If]qsf jg:klt x'g\ .
g]kfndf kfOg] df6f]sf k|sf/ : g]kfndf pknAw df6f]nfO{ e"tTj, w/ftn Pj+ jg:kltsf] cfwf/df % efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
!= kfFuf] df6f]
 gbLn] y'kf/]sf] / afn'jfdf emf/kft s'lxP/ ag]sf] df6f] h'g ljz]ift k"lj{ t/fOdf kfOG5
 wfg pTkfbgsf] nflu ;a}eGbf pQd df6f] . wfg, ;gkf6, pv', ;'tL{, t]nxg afnL Hofb} ;lk|G5 .
@= anf}6] kTyl/nf] df6f] M
 efj/ k|b]z, leqL dw]z / r'/] kxf8df o; k|sf/sf] df6f] kfOG5
 ;a}eGbf sd pAhfpm x'g] jf k|fo pAhfp g} gx'g] df6f], of] df6f]df kfgL cl8b}g
 ;fn, l;;f}, h:tf ?v ;k|gsf] nflu Hofb} pkof]uL x'G5 .
#= /ftf] kmf];|f] df6f]
 kmnkm'n v]tL, lrof, cn}FrL, slkm, cfn', ds}, sf]bf]sf nflu pko'Qm . o:tf] df6f] dxfef/t kj{ / To;sf] cf;kf;sf] If]qdf kfOG5 .
$= tn}of df6f]
 w]/} ;do ;Dd kfgL hd]sf] pkTosf, kmfF6 / tfndf kfgL ;'s]/ jf kfgL aflxl/P/ ag]sf] pj{/ df6f]
 s[lif pTkfbgsf] nflu ;a}eGbf pko'Qm dflgg] of] df6f]sf] /+u sfnf] x'G5 .
 df6f]sf] ulx/fO{ al9 x'g'sf ;fy} h}ljs kbfy{sf] dfqf klg al9 x'g] x'Fbf of] df6f]df wfg, ux'F, ;fukftsf] pTkfbg /fd|f] x'G5 .
 o:tf] k|sf/sf] df6f]df sd jiff{df klg v]lt ug{ ;lsG5 . sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf o:t} k|sf/sf] df6f] kfOG5 .
%= lxdfnL df6f]
 o; k|sf/sf] df6f] pRr lxdfnsf] km]bdf kfOG5 . pj{/f zlQm Go"g x'G5 . hf}, kmfk/, cfn', sf]bf], ds} h:tf kfv] afnL dfq nufOG5g\ .
df6f] ljljw
 ! OGr df6f] aGg !))–$)) jif{ ;Dd nfUb5 .
 df6f]sf] k|fs[lts cj:yfaf/] cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ Edaphology/Pedology elgG5 .
 d':tfª, Nxf]dfGyfªnfO{ df6f]sf] zx/sf ?kdf lrlgG5 .
k|d'v 3Ff6L tyf e~Hofªx?
 tfKn]h'ª M rfa's, l6ktnf, vfªnf bfr'{nf M l6+s/, 5\ofª\nf
 ;+v'jf;ef M l5/grf]ef, /funf, pDjs, kf]k6L, ef6e6]gL aemfª M p/fO{
 uf]/vf M d}nf6 ;flrª, ofG8f]n, yfKn], nfs]{, nfHo'ª, Uofnf d'u' M gfDhf
 d':tfª M rfªr'dL, 5f6fª, kmfªkm'ªnf, kr]{ Sofdf ;f]n'v'Da' M gfªkf
 x'Dnf M of/L, rfªnf, nfKr], lrdfnf, nf]n'ª, ;k]{ bf]nvf M 7ª\u\gf, lbur{
 8f]Nkf M d]ªnf, v'ª, ofgfª, dfl/d, sfªs'ª, lk08', ofnf
g]kfnsf] vlgh ;Dkbf
 kmnfd M km'nrf]sL, 7f];], s'n]vfgL, lrtjg, Ko'7fg, aemfª, e};], 8f]6L, kmlk{ª, uf]bfj/L
 tfdfM s'n]vfgL, tfdfvfgL, l;;fvfgL, a'4vf]nf, afx«la;], dfkmf{, cf]vn9'+uf, aGbLk'/, DofUbL
 rfFbL M km'nrf]sL, lr;fkfgLu9L, afUn'ª cflb lgcf]j]/; M 88]nw'/f, uf]/vf, kfn'ª
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 9 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 ;'g M sfnLu08sL, a'9Lu08sL, ;'gsf]zL, l/pvf]nf, cflb
 ce|v M ef]hk'/, r}gk'/, /;"jf, 8f]6L, aemfª, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, l;Gw'lnu9L, ndh'ª, uf];fO{s'08
 l;;f M km'nrf]sL, u0f]z lxdfn, dsjfgk'/, afUn'ª, uNsf]6, a}t8L, ltlKnª, dfkmf{ cflb
 r'g9'+uf M rf]ef/, e}F;], wgs'6f, df]/ª, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, kfNkf, ufbfj/L, ;'v]{t, pbok'/, wflbª
 h:tf M km'nrf]sL, u0f]z lxdfn, gfDkf, dfh/]vf]nf cflb dfa{n M uf]bfj/L, dxfef/t / r'/] kj{t
 sf]Onf M lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, bfª, ;Nofg, sf7df8f}F, rf}tf/f cflb ;f]8f M 8f]6L, ;Nofg
 DofUg];fO6 M pbok'/ sDk'3f6, bf]nvfsf] v/L9'+uf, u0f]z lxdfn u]? M l;Gw'kfNrf]s
 l;w]g'g, aL/]g'g M /;'jfsf] :ofk|m'j]zL v/L M vf]6fª, ef]hk'/, l;Gw'kfNrf]s cflb
 g'gvfgL M d':tfªsf] yfsvf]nf u|fkmfO6 M kfNkf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s cflb
 o'/]lgod M rd]lnof gbLsf] lsgf/, bfr'{nf, d:tfª, dsjfgk'/ v/L M l;Gw'kfNrf]s, vf]6fª, ef]hk'/
Vflgh kbfy{ ljljw M
 hldgleq n's]/ /x]sf vfgLaf6 k|fKt x'g] k|fs[lts ;DkbfnfO{ vlgh kbfy{ elgG5 .
 g]kfndf !@ lsl;dsf vlgh kbfy{ kfOG5g\ .
 g]kfndf vlgh kbfy{sf] Jojl:yt cWoog @)$@ ;fnaf6 ul/Psf] xf] .
 ljZjdf klxnf] k6s pTvgg u/]sf] vlgh M tfdf
g]kfnsf k|d'v em/gfx?
 cf]vn9'+uf M kf]snL em/gf, /ftfdf6] em/gf pbok'/ M cf]8f/L vf]nfsf] em/gf, v'jfsf] em/gf
 c3f{vfrL M ltnv'jf em/gf tfKn]h'ª M l6ktn em/gf
 sf:sL M kftn] 5fFuf] -8]le8 kmN;_ vf]6fª M lbk|'ª em/gf
 8f]Nkf M z'lnuf8 em/gf bfª M k'/0fwf/f em/gf
 g'jfsf]6 M km'ªkm'ª em/gf wflbª M 5x/] em/gf, u+uf hd'gf em/gf
 l;Gw'kfNrf]s M e}/js'08 em/gf, u'D5fyfn em/gf t]x«y'd M x\oft'ª em/gf
 8f]6L M hf]/kfgL em/gf b}n]v M 4f/L vf]nf em/gf kfNkf M j}s'07] em/gf, 5/5/] em/gf
 sflnsf]6 M krfn em/gf -xfn;fn} km]nfk/]sf] g]kfnsf] ;j}eGbf cUnf] em/gf -prfO{– #*! ld6/_
g]kfn / rLg lardf ePsf k|d'v Jofkfl/s gfsfx?
 cf]nfª\r'ªuf]nf M tfKn]h'ª lsdfyfªsf M ;+v'jf;ef sf]bf/L÷ tftf]kfgL M l;Gw'kfNrf]s
 nfs]{ e~Hofª M uf]vf{ /;'jfu9L M /;'jf of/L, lxN;f M x'Dnf
 l6+s/ M bfr'{nf s]?ª M /;'jf Nxf]dfGyfGsf M d':tfª
 gfDhf e~Hofª -gfDhfnf_M d'u' gfª\kf, nfdfju/, lburf{ M bf]nvf
jg, k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg tyf /fli6«o ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0f ;DaGwL
 ljZjsf] s"n eefusf] #)=* k|ltzt jg If]qn] cf]u]6]sf] 5 .
 hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubl k|lt JolQm )=^ x]S6/ jg If]q / $@@ j6f ?vx¿ kb{5g.
 l5d]]sL /fi6« rLgsf] s'n e–"efusf] @@=! k|ltzt jg If]q /x]sf] 5 .
 blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6«x?dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L jg If]q e'6fgsf] &@=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg] ;a}eGbf sd kfls:tfgsf] !=* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
 g]kfndf s'n jg If]q M $$=* Ü
 $$=* dWo] $)= $ Ü 3gf h+un / $=$ Ü a'6\ofg /x]sf] 5 .
 ;a}eGbf a9L jgIf]q dWo kxf8df /x]sf] 5 -#&=*) Ü_ eg] ;a}eGbf sd t/fO{df /x]sf] 5 -^=()Ü_
 cf}Fift k|ltx]S6/ ?v :f+Vof $#) j6f 5
 g]kfndf k|ltAolQm )=@ x]S6/ jg If]q / !!! ?vx? kb{5g\
 jftfj/0f ;Gt'ngsf nflu s'n e"efusf] $# Ü jgIf]q cfjZos kb{5 .
 k|b]zut ¿kdf g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf a9L jg If]q s0flfnL k|b]zdf 5 eg] ;a}eGbf sd k|b]z gDj/ @ df /x]sf] 5 .
 k|b]zsf] s'n e–"efusf] t'ngfdf ;a}eGbf a9L jg If]q ;b'"/klZrd k|b]z 5 eg] ;a}eGbf sd k|b]z gDj/ @ df /x]sf] 5 .
 !) jg ;+/If0f If]q cGt{ut ! nfv (@ xhf/ @&=$# x]S6/ jg If]q Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 .
 g]kfnsf !) j6f l;d;f/ If]qnfO{ ljZj /fd;f/ ;'lrdf ;'lrs[t ul/Psf] 5 .
 ljZj /fd;f/ ;'lrdf ;'lrs[t ul/Psf] klxnf] l;d;f/ If]q sf]zL 6Kk' -!&%)) x]S6/_ xf] . o;nfO{ ;g\ !(*& l8;]Dj/ !& df ;'lrs[t ul/Psf] xf] .
 clGtd k6s ;g\ @)!^ km]a'|c/L @ df sf:sLsf ( j6f tfn - km]jf, j]ugf;, ?kf, u'O{b], Vof:6], g]p/]gL, lbkfª, d}bL, sdnkf]v/L_ nfO{ Pp6} If]q -
@^!)^ x]S6/_ dfg]/ ljZj /fd;f/ ;'lrdf ;'lrs[t ul/Psf] 5 .
 xfn g]kfndf ;+/lIft If]q -!@ j6f /fli6«o lgs'~h , Pp6f jGohGt' cf/If, ^ j6f ;+/If0f If]q, Pp6f lzsf/ cf/If / !# j6f dWojtL{ If]q /x]sf 5g\
eg] oL If]qx?n] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 M
 !@ j6f lgs'~hn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn — !!,*)^=)@ ju{ ls=dL
 ! j6f cf/Ifn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn — !&% ju{ ls=dL
 ^ j6f ;+/If0f If]qn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn — !%,$@%=(% ju{ ls=dL=
 !# j6f dWo]jtL{ If]qn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn — %,^*&=&* ju{ ls=dL
 ! j6f lzsf/ cf/If — !#@%=)) ju{ ls=dL
 hDdf M #$$@)=$% ju{ ls=dL -g]kfnsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] @#=$ k|ltzt efu cf]u6]sf]_ 5 .
 ljZj ;Dkbf ;'lrdf ;'lrs[t g]kfnsf @ lgs'~h != ;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgs'~h -;g\ !(&( df_ @= lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h -;g\ !(*$ df_
 lj=;+= @)#@ df :yflkt s0ff{nL jGohGt' cf/IfnfO{ lj=;+= @)$% d+l;/ @) df alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] ?kdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf],
 z'SnfkmfF6f / k;f{ jGohGt' cf/IfnfO{ xfn /fli6«o lgs'~hdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 10 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 k;f{ jGohGt' cf/Ifsf] If]qkmn lj:tf/M $(( ju{ ls=dL=af6 ^@&=#& ju{ ls=dL= k'¥ofOPsf] 5 – @)&@ c;f/ !% df
 lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] If]qkmn (#@ ju{ ls=ld= af6 (%@=^# ju{ ls=dL= agfpg] lg0f{oM @)&# sflt{s ! df
 z'SnfkmfF6f jGohGt' cf/IfnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~hdf kl/jt{gM @)&# kf}if & df
 @)&$ h]i7 @) -;g\ @)!&_ df k;f{ jGohGt' cf/IfnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~hdf kl/jt{g .
 /fli6«o lgs'~hsf k"j{ klZrdsf] s|d M dsfn' a?0f, ;u/dfyf, nfË6fª, lzjk'/L–gfufh'{g, k;f{, lrtjg, afFs], ;]–kmf]S;'G8f], alb{of, /f/f, vKt8,
z'SnfkmfF6f
/fli6«o lgs'~h :yfkgf If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] lhNnf kfOg] kz'k+IfL cGo ljz]iftf
-lj=;+=_ -ju{
ls=ld=_
!= lrtjg @)#) (%@=^# lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, Ps l;+u] u}F8f, kf6] af3, efn'', g]kfnsf] klxnf] /fli6«o lgs'~h,
-;g\ !(&#_ k;f{, gjnk/f;L k"j{ xfQL, 3l8ofn uf]xL, du/ uf]xL, ;a}eGbf al9 ko{6sn] e|d0f ug]{,
lxns]jf r/f, uf}/LufO{, lgnufO{, ;g\ !(*$ df ljZj ;Dkbf ;'lrdf
h/fof] ;'lrs[t
@= nfË6fª @)#@ !&!) /;'jf, g'jfsf]6, xfa|] -/]8 kf08f_, lrt'jf, lxdfnL lxdfnL If]qdf :yflkt klxnf] lgs'~h
-;g\ !(&^_ l;Gw'kfNrf]s efn', /t'jf, s:t'/L d[u, 3f]/n,
yf/, /ftf] tyf n+u'/, /ftf] afFb/
#=;u/dfyf @)#@ !!$* ;f]n'v'Da' Ms:t''/L d[u, lxdfnL efn', 3f]/n, cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] lgs'~h -@*$%
-;g\ !(&^_ yf/, emf/n, 8fFkm], lrlnd], sflnh, ld6/ b]vL **$* ld6/ ;Dd_
lxdlrt'jf ;g\ !(&( df ljZj ;Dkbf ;"lrdf
;'lrs[t
$= /f/f @)#@ !)^ d'u', h'Dnf lxdfnL efn', s:t'/L d[u, yf/, ;a}eGbf ;fgf] /fli6«o lgs'~h .
-;g\ !(&^_ 3f]/n g]kfndf kfOg] & dWo] # k|hfltsf /}yfg]
c;nf df5f oxL lgs'~hdf /x]sf] /f/f
tfndf kfOG5
%= alb{of @)#@ (^* alb{of s[i0f;f/, af3, efn' lrt'jf, lrQn t/fO{ If]qsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /fli6«o lgs'~h
, h/fof], nu'gf, lgnufO{, .
3f]8ubfx, afx«l;+uf, h+unL xfQL, h+unL xfQL, d[u,kf6] af3sf nflu k|Voft
d[u 5.
of] lgs'~hsf] d'Vofno 7fs'/4f/fdf 5,
hxFf ko{6s ;'rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/Psf]
5.
^=;]–kmf]S;'G8f] @)$) #%%% 8f]Nkf, d'u' lxpF lrt'jf, ltAatL v/fof], lr? ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /fli6«o lgs'~h
-;g\ !(*$_ Aff3, ltAatL uwf, gfp/, lgne]8f,
s:t'/L d[u
&= vKt8 @)$@ @@% aemfª, afh'/f, /t'jf, lrt'jf, 3f]/n, h+unL s's'/,
-;g\ !(&#_ c5fd, 8f]6L /ftf] afFb/, d'gfn, 8fFkm], kx]Fnf]
3Ff6L ePsf] lxdfnL v/fof], :ofn,
yf/, AjF;f], nu'gf
*= dsfn' a?0f @)$( !%)) ;+v'jf;ef, ;f]nv'Da' s:t'/L d[u, lxdfnL sfnf] efn', cGoq gkfOg] l5s]{lds]{ /]g jfj{n/ /
-;g\ !((!_ WjfF;] lrt'jf, ofs, rf}/L ufO{ cf]lne u|fp08 jfj{n/ -@ j6f lkm:6]
r/f_ oxFf kfOG5 .
(=lzjk'/L– @)^% !%( sf7df8f}F, g'jfsf]6, lxpFlrt'jf, s:t'/L d[u, lxdfnL afu4f/, ;kglty{, gfuL u'Daf, ;'Gb/Lhn
gfufh'{g -;g\ @))*_ l;Gw'kfNrf]s, wflbË efn', gfp/, AjfF;f] lrt'jf, ofs, oxLF kb{5
rfF}/L ufO
!)=afFs] @)^&÷#÷@* %%) afFs], ;Nofg, bfªaf3, xfOgf, lrt'jf, lrQn, h/fof], af3 ;+/If0f k|d'v p2]Zo
-;g\ @)!)_ nu'gf, afx|l;+u], h+unL xfQL
!!=z'SnfkmfF6f @)#! #)% s~rgk'/ Ms[i0f;f/, afx|l;+u], gfp/, xfQL, g]kfnsf] ;j}eGbf 7"nf] 3f;]Fd}bfg %$ ju{
kf6]af3, lrt'jf, lrQn, Yellow ls=ld= olx lgs'~hdf kb{5 .
weaver Bird Pltxfl;s ljzfn /fgL tfn oxLF kfOG5 .
!@= k;f{ @)$) ^@&+=#( dsjfgk'/, lrtjg, H+funL xfQL, rf}l;u+f af3 g]kfnsf] !@ cf}F /fli6«o lgs'~h
k;f{
g]kfndf /x]sf ;+/If0f If]qx?
!= cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qM :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)$(, If]qkmn M &^@( ju{ ls=dL+, lhNnf M ndh'ª, dgfª, sf:sL, d':tfª, DofUbL,
kfOg] lhjx? MlxdfnL b'n{e lhjhGt' jg:klt tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0f
@= s+rgh+uf ;+/If0f If]qM :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%$, If]qkmn M @)#% ju{ ls=dL=, lhNnf M tfKn]h'ª, kfOg] lhjx? M lxpF lrt'jf, s:t'/L d[u, lxpefn', AjfF;f],
gfp/, 3f]/n . g]kfndf dfq kfO{g] Eofu'tf kfxf /f]i6fG8L / kfxf Anfgkmf]l8 oxfF kfO{G5 .
#= dgf:n' ;+/If0f If]q M :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%%, If]qkmn M !^^# ju{ ls=dL= lhNnf M uf]/vf, kfOg] lhjx? M@( k|sf/sf :tgwf/L
$= s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]qM :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)^%, If]qkmn M !^=(% ju{ ls=dL=, lhNnf Malb{of, kfOg] lhj Ms[i0f;f/
%= uf}l/z+s/M :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)^^, If]qkmn M@!&( ju{ ls=dL=, lhNnf M bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, / l;Gw'kfNrf]s
^= clkgDkf ;+/If0f If]q M :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)^&, If]qkmn M !()# ju{ ls=dL=, lhNnf Mbfr'{nf, kfOg] lhjx? M lxpFlrt'jf, 3f]/n, sfnf] efn', yf/, h6fd;L,
of;f{u'Daf, kfFrcf}Fn] cflb
jGohGt' cf/If– !
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 11 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
qm=;= cf/If :yfkgf If]qkmn km}lnPsf] lhNnf kfOg] lhj
! sf]zL6Kk' lj=;+= @)#@ -;g\ !(&^_ !&% ju{ ls=ld ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L b'n{e cgf{, /fhxFf;, kf]rf8{, rv]jf, lkg6]n 8s
. ;j{flws ;V+ofdf k+IfL kfOg] :yfg
lzsf/ cf/If – !
qm=;= lzsf/ cf/If :yfkgf km}lnPsf] lhNnf If]qkmn kfOg] lhjhGt'
! 9f]/kf6g lj=;+=@)$$ -;g\ !(*&_ afUn'Í, DofUbL / !#@% ju{ ls=ld= gfp/, emf/n, yf/, lxdfnL, efn', gLnf] e]8f
?s'd
ljZj ;Dkbf ;"lrdf g]kfn
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf k|fs[lts ;Dkbf
!= sf7df8f}+ pkTosf If]q -;g\ !(&(_ #= ;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgs'~h -;g\ !(&(_
s_ P]ltxfl;s :yfg M xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/ If]q, kf6g b/af/ If]q, eQmk'/ b/af/ If]q $= lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h -;g\ !(*$_
v_ lxGb' wfld{s If]q Mkz'kltgfy dlGb/ If]q, rfFu'gf/fo0f dlGb/ If]q
u_ af}4 wfld{s If]q M :joDe'gfy :t'k If]q, af}4gfy dxfr}To If]q
@= n'lDagL If]q -;g\ !((&_
;d;fdlosM
5}7fF} u}F8f u0fgf @)&& M
 hDdf u}8f ;+Vof M– &%@ -! ;o & j6f u}+8f yk_
o lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hdf M– ^($,
o z'Snfkmf6f /fli6«o lgs'~hdf M– !& j6f,
o alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf M– #* j6f
o k;f{ /fli6«o lgs'~hdf M– # j6f
 xfn ;Dd !(($, @))@, @))*, @)!!, @)!% / xfn @)@! df u}F8f u0fgf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
 ;g\ @)!% df u}F8fsf] ;ª\Vof ^$% /x]sf] lyof] .
cgf{ u0fgf @)@!M
 hDdf cgf{sf] ;+Vof M– $(* -;g\ @)!* sf] u0fgfdf $$! j6f cgf{ lyP ._
 b'O{ jif{df cgf{sf] ;ª\Vof !# k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
 $(* cgf{ dWo]
o @@! j6f jo:s efn], o b'O–{ tLg jif{sf] aRrf #% j6f,
o !^@ j6f jo:s kf]yL, o Ps b]lv b'O{ jif{sf] aRrf #@ j6f e]l6Psf 5g\ .
o $* j6f cw{ jo:s,
 of] g]kfnsf] k"jL{ e]u sf]zL6Kk' cf/If leq dfq kfOG5 .
 of] jGohGt'sf] k|fs[lts af;:yfg g]kfn, ef/t, e"6fg, sDaf]l8of / yfONof08df dfq kfOg] u/]sf] 5 .
 la= ;+ @)#@ ;fndf o;sf] af;:yfg sf]zL 6Kk' jGohGt' cf/If 3f]if0ff u/L ;+/If0fsf] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .
 @)#@ ;fndf cgf{sf] ;+Vof hDdf ^# j6f dfq /x]sf] lyof] .
clt ;Í6fkGg v/d'h"/sf] u0fgf ;'?
 ;'?jft ldlt– @)&* j}zfv *
 u0fgf x'g] :yfg– z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~h, sf]zL6Kk' jGohGt' cf/If, lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h .
 ;g ;g\ @)!% sf] u0fgf cg';f/ ^$ j6f v/d'h"/ /x]sf lyP .
 h;df,
o sf]zL6Kk' jGohGt' cf/Ifdf %) j6f,
o z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~hdf ( j6f,
o lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hdf % j6f
lxpFlrt'jf cg';Gwfgstf{nfO{ /f]n]S; cjf8{ @)@!
 /f]n]S; sGhj]{zg cjf8{ @)@! k|ft ug]{ g]kfnL
 x'Dnfsf l/lGhg km'Ghf]s nfdf n] k|fKt ug{' ePsf]
 h+ËnL hgfj/sf] af/]df cWoog tyf ;+/If0fdf of]ubfg k'of{P afkt
 of] cGt/fli6«o cjf8{sf] /fzL @ s/f]8 *& nfv g]kfnL ?lkofF /x]sf]
 cGt/f{li6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f df :gftsf]Q/ ug{'ePsf nfdfn] uPsf] jif{ ljZj jGohGt' sf]if -8An'8An'Pkm_ sf] g]kfn sGhj]{zg cjf8{Ú klg
k|fKt ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
lrksf] cfGbf]ngsfsf k|]0ftf ;'Gb/nfn ax'u'0ffsf] d[To'
 kof{j/0fljb\ tyf ef/tsf] lrksf] cfGbf]ng k|d'v ;'Gb/nfn ax'u'0ffsf] sf]/f]gf efO/;sf sf/0f d[To' ePsf] 5.
 lgwgM ;g @)@! d] @!
 ax'u'0ffn] j[If sf6\g' x'Gg a? /f]Kgh'k5{ of] dfgj hLjgsf nflu ckl/xfo{ 5 eGb} af]6lj?jf sf6\g gkfOg] cfGbf]ngsf] ;'?jft u/]sf lyP .
 lrKsf] cfGbf]ng ;g !(&# df ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]z af6 z'?jft ePsf] xf] .
uf]bfj/L–km'Nrf]sL jg ;+/If0f If]q 3f]lift
 3f]if0ff ldlt M @)&(÷)#÷)@
 nlntk'/ / sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnfdf kg]{ uf]bfj/L – km'Nrf]sL If]qnfO jg ;+/If0f If]q 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 .
;dfKt
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 12 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff

ef}uf]lns cWoog
-s_ ljZjsf] dxfb]zx?, dxf;fu/, gbL, lxdgbL, tfn, e'sDk, Hjfnfd'vL, kj{t>[+vnf M
 e"uf]n eGgfn] k[YjL, o;sf] agfj6 / kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL eGg] a'lemG5 .
 e"uf]nsf lsl;d M @
!= dfgj e"uf]n M dflg;x?sf] cfxf/, ljxf/, Jojxf/, ;+:sf/ / jftfj/0f ;DaGwL s'/fx? kb{5g\ .
@= ef}lts e"uf]n M k[YjL / o;df ePsf df6f], r§fg, vlgh, hn, hnjfo", jGohGt', jg:klt, jfo", kfgL, ;"o{ / rGb|dflarsf]
cGt/;DaGw, ;f}o{d08nsf] pTkltsf] cj:yf / gIfqx?nfO{ hgfpF5 .
 e"uf]n zAb u|Ls efiffsf] "Geographein" af6 lnOPsf] xf], h;sf] cy{ k[YjLsf] j0f{g eGg] a'lemG5 .
 e"uf]n zAbsf] k|of]u ;j{k|yd O/]:6]:y]lgh -o'gfg_ n] u/]sf lyP . t;y{ pgnfO{ e'uf]nsf lktf elgG5 .
 cfw'lgs e"uf]nsf lktf eg]/ sfn{ l/6/ -hd{gL_ nfO{ elgG5 .
 dfgj e"uf]nsf] ljsf; !( cf}F ztfAbLdf ePsf] kfOG5 .
 jt{dfg dfgj e"uf]nsf lktf hd{gLsf k|m]8l/s /fh]n x'g\ .
 k[YjLsf] s'n If]qkmnM – %! s/f]8 j=ls=ld=
 hnd08nM – #^ s/f]8 () nfv-&)=*Ü_
 :ynd08n M– !$ s/f]8 !) nfv -@(=@Ü_
Dfxfb]z
k[YjLsf] afx\o ;txdf hldgn] 9fs]sf] efunfO{ dxfb]z elgG5 .
k[YjLsf] ;txsf] s'n ;txsf] @(=@ Ü efu hldg cyf{t dxfb]zn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .
If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df dxfb]zx? -7'nf] af6 ;fgf]_ MPl;of, clk|msf, pQ/ cd]l/sf, blIf0f cd]l/sf, cG6f{l6sf, o'/f]k / ci6«]lnof
hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df dxfb]zx? -7'nf] af6 ;fgf]_+M Plzof, clk|msf, o'/f]k, pQ/ cd]l/sf, blIf0f cd]l/sf, ci6]«lnof
dfgj j;f]af; gePsf] Psdfq dxfb]z cG6fs{l6sf dxfb]z xf] .
If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df ljZjsf 7"nf d'n'sx? qmdzM ?;, Sofg8f, cd]l/sf, rLg, a|flhn, ci6«]lnof, ef/t, ch]{lG6gf, sfhu:tfg,
cNh]l/of, ;'8fg
If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df ljZjsf ;fgf d'n'sx? qmdz ;fgf] b]vL 7'nf]M Eofl6sg l;l6-)=$$ j=ls=ld_, df]gfsf,] gfp/, t'efn',
;fg dfl/gf], lnr]:6fOg, df;{n cfO{Nof08, dflNbE;, dfN6f, l;;]N;
hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df !) 7'nf b]z -7'nf] b]vL ;fgf] _ M lrg, ef/t, cd]l/sf, O08f]g]lzof, a|flhn, kfls:tfg, gfOh]l/of,
a+unfb]z, /l;of, d]lS;sf]
hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df % ;fgf b]z -;fgf] b]vL 7'nf]_ Eofl6sg l;l6, gfp?, t'efn', knfp 6fk', ;fg dfl/gf]
;j}eGbf al9 hg3gTj ePsf] b]z – df]gfsf]
;j}eGbf sd hg3gTj ePsf] b]z –ufjf]g
Kf|d'v % 7'nf e'kl/j]li7t d'n's M sfhs:tfg, d+uf]lnof, rf8, gfOh/, Oyf]lkof
bf]xf]/f] e'kl/j]li7t d'n's M lnr]:6fOg, pHj]ls:tfg,
ljZjdf al9 af]lng] k|d'v % efiffx? M rfOlgh÷ Dofg8l/g, c+u]|hL, :k]lg;, lxGbL, /lzog
Pl;of dxfb]z -ljifdtfsf] dxfb]z, xf]d ckm Dofg_
 ef}ule{s b[li6n] ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] dxfb]z eg]/ lrlgG5 .
 ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dxfb]z
 If]qkmnM $,#(,((,))) a=ls=ld=, @(=*Ü e"efu cf]u6]sf] .
 Pl;of dxfb]zsf] k"j{df k|zfGt dxf;fu/, klZrddf o'/f]k dxfb]z, pQ/df ;'d]? dxf;fu/ / blIf0fdf lxGb dxf;fu/ kb{5 .
 ljZjsf] sl/a ^)Ü hg;+Vof o; dxfb]zn] cf]u65 .
 Pl;of dxfb]zdf w/ftnLo leGgtf, hnafo'sf] ljljwtf, h}ljs ljljwtf, hflt, wd{, ;Dk|bfo / ;Eotfdf ljljwtf tyf k|s[ltsf
cfZro{ nfUbf ljifdtfx? kfO{g] x'gfn] o; dxfb]znfO{ ljifdtfsf] dxfb]z elgG5 .
 Plzof / o'/f]knfO{ 5'6\ofpg] kj{t M o'/fn
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws xf]rf] e'–efu M d[t;fu/sf] t6, Oh/fon . d[t;fu/nfO{ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] g'gLnf] kfgLsf] tfnsf] gfdn] lrlgG5
. of] tfndf s'g} klg cfs[lt b]lvFb}g . d[t;fu/af6 hf]8{g glb aUb5, hxfF s'g} klg df5f kfOFb}g
 nfdf] glb ofª\h], %&&^ls=ld=
 ljZjsf] cUnf] / km/flsnf] kfdL/sf] k7f/ ltAatdf 5, If]qkmn M @ nfv %) xhf/ j=ls=dL= 5 . o;nfO{ ;+;f/sf] 5fgf] klg elgG5 .
 ;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vof ePsf] zx/ M 6f]Sof], hfkfg
 ;jf{lws jiff{ x'g] 7fpFm M dl;d/fd, r]/fk'~hL, d]3fno, ef/t, jflif{s cf}ift jif{fM !!$)% ldlnld6/
 ;jf{lws ulx/f] uN5L -3fF6L_ M cGgk"0f{ / wf}nflu/Lsf] lardf kg]{ sflnu08sL gbLn] agfPsf] bfgf uN5L, prfO{ M ^(^& ld6/,
DofUbL
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws ulx/f] pkTosf M c?0f pkTosf, *#(! ld6/ ulx/f], z+v'jf;ef
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws nfdf] dfgj lgld{t gx/ M b u|fG8 Sofgn, a]Olhª

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 1 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 Plzof / pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] l;dfgfdf /x]sf] ;fu/ M a]l/ª ;fu/
 Plzof / clk|msf dxfb]zsf] lardf /x]sf] ;fu/ M nfn ;fu/
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf prfO{df /x]sf] tfn – ltlnrf] tfn, dgfª, $(!( ld6/ .
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] k|fol4k – c/a k|fol4k, If]qkmn #@ nfv %) xhf/ a=ls=ld /x]sf] .
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf ulx/f]] tfn a}sfn tfn !($) ld=;fO{j]l/of xf] .
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf ulx/f] dxf;ful/o w;fg= dfl/ofgf 6«]Gr, !!&&^ld6/ ulx/f] .
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf hf8f] x'g] 7fpF ;fO{j]l/ofsf] j/vf]ofg:s –#$˚/]s8{ ul/Psf] .
 ljZjsf] k|l;4 nfdf] kvf{nu|]6jfn ckm rfOgf -rLg_, ^@)) dfO{n, ;d|f6 ;L xjfª\tLn] lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g\ .
 ;jf{lws kmf]6f] lvlrPsf] / lrqn]vg ul/Psf] kxf8 M dfp06 km'hL, hfkfg
 lrg / hfkfgsf] ljfjfb:kb 6fk' M lbofo'
 zflGt pkTosf ef/tsf] s]/nfdf 5
 u+uf gbLnfO{ lji0f'kbL elgG5 .
 7"nf] b]z rLg / ;fgf] b]z dflNbE; .
clk|msf dxfb]z -cFWof/f] dxfb]z, sfnf] dxfb]z, ;+;f/sf] lrl8of3/, ljljwtfsf] dxfb]z_
 clk|msf dxfb]zsf] ljifodf ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/L 8]le8 lnleË :6f]gn] ;g\ !*%^ df u/fPsf x'g\ .
 o; dxfb]zn] ljZjsf] s'n :yn e"–efusf] sl/a @)=#%Ü e'efu cf]u6]sf] 5, hg;+Vof sl/a !%Ü /x]sf] 5 .
 o; dxfb]znfO{ e"dWo/]vfn] jLr efuaf6 sf6]sf] 5 .
 ;a} o'usf k|frLgtd ;Dotf÷;+:s[lt kfO{g] dxfb]z .
 clk|msf dxfb]zsf] k"j{df nfn;fu/, klZrddf cfGb| dxf;fu/, pQ/df e'dWo;fu/ / blIf0fdf s'd]? dxf;fu/ kb{5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws nfdf] gbL M gfOn, ^^() ls=dL . gfOn gbL !! j6f b]z eP/ aUb5 –tf~hflgof, OlhK6, u0ftflGqs s+uf],
O{l/l6«of ?jfG8f, puf08f, a'?G8L, s]Gof, Oyf]lkof, ;'8fg, h}/]_ . gfOn gbL eLS6f]l/of tfnaf6 lg:s]/ e"dWo;fu/df v:5 .
 dfp06 lslnd~hf/f] tf~hfgLofdf kb{5 . tf~hfgLofsf] k'/fgf] /fhwfgL bf/f];]ndnfO{ zflGtsf] 3/ dflgG5 .
 cNj6{ tfn / dbfuf:s/ 6fk' klg olx dxfb]zdf kb{5g\ .
 Oyf]lkofnfO{ slkmsf] 3/ elgG5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws ulx/f] gbL sªuf] gbL -o;nfO h}/]/ gbL kgL elgG5_, @@) ld6/ ulx/f] .
 e'dWo;fu/nfO{ sf6\g] Ps dfq gbL s+uf] gbL xf] .
 ;+;f/sf] sfG5f] d'n's M blIf0f ;'8fg, ;g\ @)!! h'nfO{ ( df :jtGq
 sNsL hftsf] r/f kfOg] dxfb]z
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf al9 ;'g tyf lx/fsf] vfgL ePsf] dxfb]z .
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lx/fvfgL – lsDa/vfg .
 ld>sf] lk/fld8 OlhK6df kb{5 .
 clk|msf dxfb]zsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] kj{t >[vnf P6n; kj{t xf] .
 7"nf] tfn leS6f]/Lof tfn tf~hfgLof / puf08fdf kb{5 .
 7"nf] b]z cNh]l/of / ;fgf] b]z l;;]N;
pQ/ cd]l/sf -gofF ljZj_
 t];|f] 7'nf] dxfb]z, !^=@Ü If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 .
 cIff+zsf] lx;fan] pQ/ / b]zfGt/sf] lx;fan] klZrddf /x]sf]
 pQ/lt/ km's]sf] / blIf0flt/ ;f3Fl'/Psf] dxfb]z .
 pQ/ cd]l/sf Pl;of, clk|msf / o'/f]kaf6 klZrddf k/]sfn] o;nfO{ klZrdL uf]nf4sf] dxfb]z klg elgG5 .
 lqm:6f]km/ s|f]nDa;n] kQf nufPsf ;g\ !$(@ df .
 e"kl/j]li7t /fi6« gePsf] dxfb]z .
 of] dxfb]zsf] k"j{df cfGw|dxf;fu/, klZrddf k|zfGt dxf;fu/, pQ/df ;'d]? dxf;fu/ / blIf0fdf kfgfdf gx/ /x]sf] 5 .
 pQ/ cd]l/sf dxfb]zsf] gfd cd]l/sf] lj:k'rL gfds ;fx;L ofqLsf] gfdaf6 gfdfs/0f ePsf] .
 pQ/ cd]l/sf / blIf0f cd]l/sfnfO{ kfgfdf gx/n] 5'6\ofPsf] 5 .
 kfgfdf gx/sf] nDafO{ M &$$@ =dL= /x]sf] 5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws udL{ x'g] :yfg M 8]y EofnL, Soflnkmf]lg{of, cd]l/sf %( ) ;Dd tfkqmd /]s8{ ul/Psf] 5 .
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] tfhf klgsf] tfn ;'k]l/o/ tfn
 nfdf] lxdgbL – j]l/Ë
 nfdf] gbL – ldl;l;lk -^@$) ls=ld=_
 7"nf] b]z Sofg8f / ;fgf] b]z ;]G6 ls6\; P08 g]le; .
blIf0f cd]l/sf -r/fsf] dxfb]z_
 rf}yf] 7'nf] dxfb]z – !,&&,(*,%)) j=ls=dL, !!=(Ü If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws nfdf] kj{t dfnf Pl08h oxL dxfb]zdf kb{5 h'g & j6f b]zdf km}lnPsf] 5 . sf]nlDaof ch]{lG6gf, jf]lnleof,
e]g]h'onf, OSj]8/, k]? / lrNnL ;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 .
 pQ/ cd]l/sf / blIf0f cd]l/sfsf] ef}uf]lns lx;fan] ldNbf]h'Nbf] ;femf u'0f pQ/lt/ km's]sf] blIf0ftL/ ;f3Fl'/Psf] .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 2 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws cUnf] :yfgdf /fhwfgL ePsf] b]z M af]lnleofsf] nfkfh, #^%* ld6/
 blIf0f cd]l/sf / cG6fl6f{sf hf]8\g] gx/ M 8]s
 @ j6f e'– kl/j]li7t d'n'sx? /x]sf af]lnleof / kf/fUj] .
 hn;|f]tdf / slkm pTkfbgdf k|yd wgL b]z a|flhn .
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf blIf0fdf kg]{ zx? M k'G6f Pl/gf;, lrNnL
 cldnf] dx kfOg] b]z a|flhn .
 7"nf] b]z a|lhn / ;fgf] b]z l6«lg8f8 P08 6f]jfuf] .
cG6fs{l6sf-lxpFsf] 5fgf]÷lxpmF rfb/_
 kfFrf} 7'nf] dxfb]z If]qkmn ! s/f]8 #) nfv a=ls=ld, (Ü If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 .
 cG6fs{l6sf dxfb]z blIf0f w'|j jl/kl/ km}lnPsf] 5 .
 dfgj a;f]af; gePsf] dxfb]z
 jif{e/L g} lxpm hld/xg] dxfb]z, (*Ü lxpmFn] 9fs]sf] 5 eg] hDdf @Ü dfq r§fg / df6f] 5 .
 of] dxfb]znfO{ rf/}lt/af6 s'd]? dx;fu/n] 9fs]sf] 5 .
 cG6fl6{sfdf k'Ug] klxnf] g]kfnL M e'jg l;+x ljZjsdf{ x'g\ .
 ;a} eGbf kl5 kQf nufO{Psf] dxfb]z .
 cG6fs{l6sf dxfb]zdf 3';]sf b'O{ ;d"Gb|x? j]8]n / /f]; x'g\ .
 ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf nfdf] lxdgbL NofDj6{ Un]l;o/ -$)) ls=ld=_.
 ;'Gb/ k+IfL lsjLsf] dxfb]z .
 cG6fs{l6sf dxfb]zsf] k'/ftTjnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ cfufdL %) jif{;Dd Toxf+sf] vlgh pTvgg / k|of]u ug{ gkfO{g] egL gofF cGt/li6«o
k|fjwfgdf x:tfIf/ ;g\ !((! h'g @# df eof] .
o'/f]k dxfb]z -pHofnf] dxfb]z, k|fo4Lksf] dxfb]z_
 o'/f]k dxfb]z,tLgtL/af6 kfgL PstL/af6 hldgn] 3]/]sf] e'efunfO{ k|fol4k elgG5 .
 If]qkmnsf] lx;fjn] bf];|f] ;fgf] dxfb]z, &Ü If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 .
 of] dxfb]zdf & d'n's-hd{gL, cli6«of, x+u]/L, o'uf]:nfleof, a'Nu]l/of, /f]dflnof, r]s l/kAnLs_ eP/ aUg] cGt{/fli6«o gbL eg]/ lrlgg]
8]Go'j gbL 5 .
 of] dxfb]zdf s'g} d?e"ld 5}gg\
 ljZjs} 7"nf] sf]0f wf/L jg M 6f]ouf, /l;of
 k'/fgf] b]z M ;fg dfl/gf]
 o'/f]k / Pl;ofnfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf – o'/fl;of elgG5 .
 Eofl6sg l;6L ;+;f/sf] ;fgf] /fi6« -)=$$au{ ls=ld=_ /x]sf], 7"nf] b]z /l;of
ci6«]lnofM -s+uf?sf] dxfb]z, 6fk'sf] dxfb]z, ljlrqtfsf] dxfb]z, kftfn s'jfsf] dxfb]z_
 ljZjsf] ;aeGbf ;fgf] dxfb]z, %Ü e'efu cf]u6]sf] 5 .
 ci6]«lnofsf] klxnf] ofqf u/L TofxfFsf] lj:t[t cWoog James cookn] ;g\ !&&( df u/]sf .
 ci6]«lnof dxfb]z cIff+z !)˚blIf0f cIff+z b]lv $)˚blIf0fL cIff+z;Dd b]zfGt/ !!$˚k"jL{ b]zfGt/ b]lv !%#˚k"jL{ b]zfGt/;Dd
km}lnPsf] 5 .
 k[YjLsf] clGtd ljGb' eg]/ lrlgg] dxfb]z
 of] dxfb]zsf] k'/} efu blIf0f uf]nf4{df km}lnPsf] 5 .
 :yfoL gbLx? 5}gg\, oxfF kftfn, s'jf, ulx/f Ogf/ 5g\ .
 o; dxfb]zsf] sl/j cfwf efu d?e"ldn] 9fs]sf] 5 . ljZjsf] bf];|f] 7'nf] d?e'dL u]|6 leS6f]l/of ci6]«lnofdf kb{5 .
 dflg; eGbf e]8fsf] hg;+Vof # u'0ff a9L 5, To;}n] pmg pTkfbgdf cu| :yfgdf 5 .
 ci6]«lnofdf a]nfosL dxf/fgLnfO{ g} cfkm\gL dxf/fgL dfGg] k|rng 5 .
 /fhg}lts b[li6af6 ci6«]lnofnfO{ Pp6} dxfb]z / b]z dflgotf klg ef}uf]lns b[li6n] oxfF !# j6f b]zx? 5g\ .
 ;a}eGbf nfdf]7"nf] gbL – d]/] 8fln{Ë
 7"nf] b]z ci6«]lnof / ;fgf] b]z gfp?
महादे श भूपरिबेहित िािरहरु अग्लो हशखि होचो स्थान ठु लोताल
एशिया १२, ठु लोकाजशकस्तान-सानोअर्मेशनया - सगरर्माथा ८८४८, शर्म नेपाल d[t;fu/, –#(@ ld6/ शिल्का
अशिका १६, ठु लो िाड-सानो -इस्वाशिनी शकशलर्मन्जरो, ५८९५,िान्जाशनया लेक असाल, शजबुटी१५६शर्म शिक्टोररया
उत्तर छै नन र्मेशकन्ले, ६१९४, आलास्का डे थभ्याली ४२४शर्म सुपेररयर
अर्मेररका
दशिण अर्मेररका २, बोशलशिया र पारग्वे आकान्कागुवा ७०२१, अजेन्टिना k]gLG;'nf efN8]h र्माराकाइवा
अिाककशटका छै नन Dffp06 leG;g–$*(@ ld= बिलेसब ग्लाशसयर िोस्तोक
यूरोप १८, ठु लो – वेलारुस, सानो –भ्याशटकन शसटी एलब्रुज, ५६३३, रशसया क्यान्टियन सागरको िट क्यान्टियन
अष्ट्रेशलया छै नन कोस्कीयूस्को, २४४३शर्म आइरा िालको िट आइरा

महादे श ठु लानदीls=ld हहमनदी पर्वतमाला घासेमैदान ठु ला मरुभूमी ठु ला ज्वालामूखी

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 3 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff

एशिया याङशसक्याङ्५७७६ शसयािेन शिर्मालयन स्टे प्स गोवी सुर्मात्रा, इण्डोनेशिया

अशिका नाइल६६९० शकशलर्मन्जरो एटलास सावना वा िेल्ड सािारा शकशलर्मन्जरो
उत्तरअर्मेररका शर्मशसशसशप, ६२४० िवाकड अपाशलियन प्रेयरी सोनारा र्मौनालोवा
दशिण अर्मेररका अर्मेजन, ६२९६ पेररटो र्मोररनो एन्टण्डज ७२००शकशर्म. पम्पाज पेटोगोशनयन र्माउि सान्तार्माररया
अिाशटक का ल्याम्बटक , ४०० ल्याम्बटक एल्सवथक र्माउि एरे बस
यूरोप िोल्गा ४५०६ िटनाजोकुल आल्पस स्टे प्स र्मरुिूर्मी निएको एटना
अष्ट्रेशलया र्मरे डाशलकङ्, ४२५३ िडक आइल्याण्ड ग्रेटशडिाइशडङ रे न्ज डाउन्स ग्रेट शिक्टोररया िाउरु िोए

dxf;fu/
 k[YjLsf] ;txdf kfgLn] 9fs]sf] ljzfn hnd08nsf] efu
 s'n e'efusf] &)=* -sl/a&!Ü_ – @@ s/f]8 3gldn
 s'n hnd08n -kfgL_ sf] efu dWo] dxf;fu/n] 9fs]sf] *(Ü
 ;fu/, tfn, tn}of, vf]nf, gbL cflbn] 9fs]sf] !!=!Ü .
 k[YjLsf] pQ/L ufnf4{df hn ;tx / :yn ;tx sl/a a/fa/ 5 eg] blIf0f uf]nf4{df :yn ;tx eGbf hn ;tx sl/a !% u'0ffn] a9L
5.
 dxf;fu/÷;d'Gb|sf] ulx/fO{ gfKg oGq – km]bf]ld6/
 dxf;fu/sf] ulx/fO{ gfKg] PsfO{ – km]bd -Ps km]bd – ^ lkm6_
dxf;fu/sf ljz]iftf
ljz]iftf k|zfGt cfGw| lxGb s'd]? ;'d]?
-7"nf]÷ ;fgf]_ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bf];|f] 7"nf] t];|f] 7"nf] rf}yf] 7"nf] kFfrf} 7"nf]
ulx/fO{ ;a}eGbf ulx/f]- t];|f] ulx/f] bf];|f] ulx/f] rf}yf] ulx/f] kfFrf} ulx/f]
$#)) ld6/_ -#&)) ld6/_ -#()) ld6/_ -@$)) ld6/_ -!##) ld6/_
If]qkmn-Ü_ $%=%Ü @#Ü @)=%Ü &Ü $Ü
cfsf/ lqe'h c+u|]hL zAb P; h:tf] c+u|]hL zAb o 'h:tf] cw{ j[Qsf/ cw{ j[Qsf/
ulx/f] efu dfl/ofgf 6«]Gr, k'6]{l/sf] 6«]Gr, (@)) hfef 6«]Gr,&$%) ld6/, ;fpy :ofG8ljr df]nf]låk,
!!&&^ ld6/, ld6/, cd]l/sf glhs O08f]g]lzof glhs 6«]Gr,&@@% ld6/ %^)* ld6/,
lkmlnlkG; glhs /l;of glhs
pkgfd zfGt / ;f}Do jfl0fHo / Jo:t t]nsf] / dg;'gL lr;f] kfgL / blIf0f lr;f] kfgL /
dxf;fu/ dxf;fu/ xfjfkfgLsf] dxf;fu/ w|'ljo dxf;fu/ pQ/L w|ljo
dxf;fu/
ljljw of] dxf;fu/sf] gfdfs/0f k|frLg u|Ls g]kfnaf6 ;a}eGbf glhs of] dxf;fu/ cG6fl6{sf lr;f] kfgLsf]
gfds/0f :k]gsf af;Lx?n] /x]sf] dxf;fu/ dxfb]zsf] rf/}lt/ blIf0f dxf;fu/
kml8{gfG8 d]Un]gn] k|To]s jif{ ! OGrsf] -!!@& ls=dL=_ 6f9f w|'jsf] cf;kf;df
u/]sf x'g\ . b/n] of] dxf;fu/ of] dxf;fu/ Plzof, clk|msf km}lnPsf] 5 . pQ/L w|'ljo
:k]lg; efiffdf a9\b}5 / ci6«]lnof dxfb]zsf] ljrdf dxf;fu/
k|zfGteg]sf] zfGt / of] dxf;fu/ pQ/L kb{5 . of] dxf;fu/ k|zfGt /
;f}Do xf] . w|'jb]vLblIf0fL w|'j;Dd lxGb dxf;fu/ If]qaf6 cfGw| dxf;fu/ ;+u
k[YjLsf] w/ftn v'Drg] km}lnPsf] 5 . dg;'gL jfo' rNg] / ;f]xL hf]l8Psf] 5 .
/ km}ngfn] of] ;d'b|sf] /x:odoL If]q jfo'sf] k|efjaf6 o; If]qdf
dxf;fu/ kT|o]s jif{ ! ad"{8f lqsf]0f kfgL kg]{ x'gfn] o;nfO{
OGrsf] b/n] v'DrFb} oxLdxf;fu/df kb{5 dg;'gL dxf;fu/ elgG5 .
uPsf] 5 o;df ldNg] gbLx? lxGb dxf;fu/af6 pTklt eO{
o;df w]/} 6fk' / @) /fOg, ;]g]un, gfOh/, aUg] jfo' – dGf;'gL jfo'
xhf/ eGbf a9L låkx? s+uf], ldl;l;kL, cd]hg o;df ldl;g] gbLx? M u+uf,
/x]sf 5g\ . cflb a|Dxk'q, O/fjbL, l;Gw, l6lu|;,
o;df ldl;g] gbLx? o'k|m]6;cflb
x\jfªxf], cd'/, of~h],
Snf]/f8f], o'sg cflb
gbLM
 w/ftndf aUg] kfgLsf] lgoldt k|jfxnfO{ gbL elgG5 .
 gbL pTklQ x'g] :yfg M d'xfg
 gbL cGTo x'g] :yfg M d'v
 d'Vo gbL;+u ldNg] gbLnfO{ ;xfos gbL elgG5 .
 7"nf] gbLaf6 5'l§P/ uPsf] gbLnfO{ zfvf gbL elgG5 .
gbLsf] t'ngfTds cWoog
ljz]iftf ljZjsf] g]kfnsf]
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 4 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
7"nf] gbL cd]hg, a|flhn, ^@(^ ls=dL= sf]zL, &@) ls=dL=
nfdf] gbL gfOn, OlhK6, ^^() ls=dL= s0f{nL, %)& ls=dL=
ulx/f] gbL s+uf], s+uf] b]zdf u08sL÷gf/fo0fL, ##* ls=dL=
;jf]{Rr :yfgaf6 pTklQ x'g] gbL c?0f, *)!@ ld= dflyaf6 aUb5 c?0f gbL

gbL lsgf/df cjl:yt zx/M

lbNnL M od'gf jUbfb M l6u|L;
sf]nsQf M x'UnL aln{g M :k|L
k6\gf M u+uf df]G6«Lon M ;]G6 ng]{;
cfu|f M od'gf 6f]Sof] M ;'ldbf
sF/frL M l;Gw sf]nf]Daf] M s]nfgL
nfxf]/ M /feL sfo/f] M gfOn
;+f3fO M ofª\l;Sofª nG8g M y]D;
/+u'g M O/fjtL Go"of]s{ M x8\;g
;f]n M xfg\ jf;f{ M le:6'nf
/f]d M 6fOa/ d:sf] M d;sdf
sf7df8f}+ M afUdtL hd{gL M /fOg
lxdgbL M
 lxdIf]qdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf y'lk|g] lxpFsf] rfksf] sf/0f tNnf] txsf] lxpmF au]/ gbLsf] ?kdf axg] k|s[ofnfO{ lxdgbL elgG5 .
 lxdgbL;Fu} ;d'›df v;]/ t}l//xg] lxFpsf ljzfn l9Ssfx?nfO{ lxdlznf elgG5 .
 lxdgbL au]sf] 7fFpdf aGg] s'jf h:tf] ulx/f] vf8nnfO{ vfkf]{; elgG5 .
 lxdgbLn] aufP/ NofPsf kbfy{x? -9'Ëf, df6f], kft kltË/_ y'lk|P/ ag]sf] l9:sf]nfO{ P:s/ elgG5 .
 lxdgbLn] cfˆgf] dfu{df /x]sf 7"nf 7"nf r§fg pKsfpFbf aGg] vf8nnfO{ lxd;fu/ elgG5 .
 lxdgbLn] aufP/ NofPsf 9'+uf, df6f], emf/kft cflbnfO{ lxdf]9nfO{ elgG5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws prfO{df /x]sf] lxdgbL v'Da' lxdgbL xf]. &^))ld6/ prfO{ .
 lxdgbL d'VotM # k|sf/sf] x'G5 = !_ a]F;L lxdgbL @_ dxflålko lxdgbL #_ km]bL lxdgbL
 ;+;f/sf] ;jf{wLs nfdf] / 7'nf] lxdgbL M— NofDj6{, cG6fl6{sf, $))_ ls=dL
 km'ª\uL lxdgbL uf]/vfdf kb{5 eg] rfa's lxdgbL tfKn]h'ª lhNnfdf kb{5 =
 bf]nvfsf] R5f]/f]Nkf tfn lxdgbL af6 lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .
tfnM
 rf/}lt/af6 hldgn] 3]l/Psf] kfgLsf] efunfO{ tfn elgG5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws 7"nf] tfn M Sofl:kog tfn,
 of] tfn sfhsf:tfg, t's]{ldlg:tfg, ch/a}hg, O/fg / /lzofdf km}n]sf] 5 .
 If]qkmn M !,$#,@$$ ju{ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 .
 ulx/fO{ M !)@% ld6/ /x]sf] 5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws ulx/f] tfn M a}sfn tfn, ;fOj]l/of, /l;of
- ulx/fO{ M !($) ld6/ /x]sf] 5
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws prfOdf /x]sf] tfn M ltlnrf] tfn, dgfª,
- nDafO{ $ ls=dL=, rf}8fO{ !=@ ls=dL=,
- of] ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 $(!( ld6/sf] prfOdf cjl:yt 5 .
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws 7"nf] g'lgnf] kfgLsf] tfn M d[t ;fu/, Oh/fon
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws 7"nf] :jR5÷;kmf kfgLsf] tfn M ;'k]l/o/ tfn -cd]l/sf–Sofg8f_
तालका ककसिम
 qm]6/ tfnM Hjfnfd'vLsf] d'v -qm]6/_ df kfgL hDdf eO{ aGg] tfn
 Hjfnfd'vL tfnM Hjfnfd'vLaf6 cfpg] nfefn] gbL y'Gbf aGg] tfn
 lqsf]0f tfnM b'O{ lxdglb ldNbf lardf aGg] tfn
 lxdfgL tfnM lxdf]9n] gbL y'g]/ aGg] tfn
 3f]ng tfnM kfgLdf 3f]ng;Ln kbfy{x? -r'g9'Ëf cflb_ kfgLn] unfP/ axfpFbf vf]qmf] ag]sf] :yfgdf kfgL hDdf eO{ aGg] tfn .
 b/f/ a]zL tfnM e'sDk jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] hldgsf] efu tn w;LO{ ag]sf] vf8ndf kfgL hDdf eO{ aGg] tfn
 pktfnM vfFl8sf] ;fF3'/f] efudf emf/kft, df6f] cflb hDdf eO{ y'lgbfF aGg] tfn
 dfgj lgld{t tfnM hnljB't, l;+rfO{ cflb k|fof]hgsf] nflu dflg;n] gbL y'gL kfgL hDdf ubf{ ag]sf] tfn .
सिश्वका के ही प्रमुख तालः
नाम स्थान
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 5 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
युरल रुि
अन्टोररयो अमेरिका-क्यानाडा
मिाली मोजासविक
ग्रेट सियर क्यानडा
ह्युरन क्यानाडा
समसिगन अमेररका
ग्रेट स्लेभ क्यानाडा
मराकाईिा दसिण अमेररका
सिसनपेग क्यानाडा
बैकाल )एसियाको सनलो मुटु( साईवेरिया, िससया

e'sDk
 k[YjLsf] w/fnt xlNnP/ sfFKg'nfO{ e'sDk elgG5 .
 k[YjLsf] w/ftn tndfly jf bfofFafofF xlNnP/ sfFKg] lqmofnfO{ e'sDk elgG5 .
 of] @ lsl;dsf] x'G5 M t];f]{ / 7f8f]
 t];f]{ e'sDk M k[YjLsf] bfofFafofF x'g] sDkg
 7f8f] e'sDk M k[YjLsf] tndfly x'g] sDkg
 e'sDk cfpg'sf] sf/0f M Hjfnfd'vL lj:kmf]6 jf 6]S6f]lgs Kn]6sf] e'rfn
 k[YjLleq /x]sf r§fgx?sf] xnrnaf6 x'g] sDkgnfO{ e'rfn elgG5 .
 e'sDk ljz]if u/L kj{t >]0fL j/k/ w]/} hfg] ub{5 .
 e'sDk gfKg] oGqnfO{ l;:df]u|fkm elgG5 .
 e'sDksf] dfkg /]S6/ :s]ndf ul/G5 .
 e'sDksf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fgnfO{ ;]:df]nf]hL elgG5 .
 e'sDksf] pTklQ ljGb' h'g hldgsf] ;tx d'gL x'G5, To; ljGb'nfO{ xfOkf];]G6/ elgG5 .
 xfOkf];]G6/df pTklQ ePsf] e'sDkn] hldgdfly hxfF klxnf] sDkg b]vfk5{, pQm :yfgnfO{ Olk;]G6/ elgG5 .
 Olk;]G6/nfO{ e'sDksf] s]Gb|ljGb' klg elgG5 .
 g]kfndf lj=;+= @)%% ;fnaf6 x/]s jif{ df3 @ df e'sDk ;'/Iff lbj; dgfOG5 . !(() df3 @ sf] e'sDksf] ;Demgfdf dgfOG5 .
 g]kfndf clxn];Ddsf] 7"nf] e'sDk M !(() df3 @, *=$ /]S6/ :s]n, s]Gb|ljGb' z+v'jf;ef, r}gk'/
 g]kfnsf] clGtd 7"nf] e'sDk M @)&@ a}zfv !@-@)!% clk|n @%_, &=^ /]S6/ :s]n, s]Gb|ljGb' M jf/kfs, uf]/vf ;f] e'sDknfO{ g]kfn
sDkg gfd lbOPsf] lyof], ;f] e'sDkn] k|efljt lhNnf M #!, k"0f{ ?kdf k|efljt lhNnf M !$
 lj=;+= !(() sf] e'sDkdf k/L !^ xhf/ eGbf a9L JolQmx?sf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] eg] lj=;+= @)&@ ;fnsf] e'sDkdf k/L &*()
hgf JolQmx?sf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] .
 @! cf}F e'sDk ;'/Iff lbj;sf] gf/f –ljkb\af6 ;'/lIft x'g kfpg] gful/ssf] clwsf/, k'/f ug{ lhDd]jf/ ;3+, k|b]z / :yflgo ;/sf/
 ljZjsf] clxn];Dds} 7"nf] e'sDk M ;g\ !(^) d] @@, (=% /]S6/ :s]n, lrNnLdf
 hf]lvdsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;a}eGbf hf]lvddf /x]sf] d'n's M cd]{lgof
 hf]lvdsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;a}eGbf sd hf]lvddf /x]sf] d'n's M /l;of
 hf]lvdsf] b[li6sf]0fn] g]kfn !! cf}+ :yfgdf kb{5 .
 e'sDk uO/fVg] d'n's eg]/ hfkfgnfO{ lrlgG5 .
 g]kfndf /]s8{ ul/Psf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] e'sDk lj=;+= !#!) df xf] .

Hjfnfd'vL M
 k[YjLsf] leqL efujf6 DofUdf -kUn]sf] r§fg, UofF;, cfuf], v/fgL, w'jfF_ k[YjLsf] sdhf]/ ;txnfO{ kmf]8]/ aflx/ lg:sg] k|s[ofnfO{
Hjfnfd'vL elgG5 .
 DofUdf k[YjLsf] aflx/L ;txdf lg:s]kl5 o;nfO{ nfef elgG5 .
 DofUdf lg:sg] 7fpmFnfO{ s||]6/ elgG5 .
 DofUdf cfpg] af6f]nfO{ gnL elgG5 .
 Hjfnfd'vL # k|sf/sf] x'G5 M
!= ;s[o Hjfnfd'vL M lg/Gt/ ?kdf DofUdf aflx/ lgl:s/xg] Hjfnfd'vL, pbfx/0f M df}gfnf]jf -xjfO{ 6fk' If]q, cd]l/sf_, O6gf
-O6fnL_
@= ;'if'Kt Hjfnfd'vL M a]nfa]nfdf ;s[o /xg] -e"t, jt{dfg / eljiodf_ Hjfnfd'vL ;'if'Kt Hjfnfd'vL xf] . pbfx/0f M ljz'eLP;
-O6fnL_, sfsf6f]jf -O6fnL_
#= d[t Hjfnfd'vL M klxnf] ;s[o /x]sf] t/ xfn k"0f{?kdf lgis[o /x]sf] Hjfnfd'vL nfO{ d[t Hjfnfd'vL elgG5 . pbfx/0f M kf]kf
-Dofgdf/_, u]x ;'Ntfg -O/fg_
 Hjfnfd'vL kxf8x? M lslnd~hf/f], PNug -clk|msf_, k'mhLofdf -hfkfg_
 ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf cjl:yt Hjfnfd'vL kxf8 M cf]hf]; 8]n ;nbf/, Pl08; kj{tdfnfdf k5{ .
kj{t >[ª\vnf M—
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 6 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws cUnf] kj{tdfnf lxdfno kj{tdfnf xf] . of] Plzof dxfb]zdf kb{5 .
 ;d'b| d'gLsf] 7"nf] kj{t —sfl8{n]/f
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] kj{tdfnf Pl08h kj{tdfnf xf] . o;sf] nDafO{ &@)) ls=dL /x]sf] 5 . of] & j6f b]zdf k}mlnPsf] 5 .
-sf]nlDaof, ch{]G6Lgf, af]lnleof, e]g]h'Pnf, OSj]8/, k]?, lrNnL_
 ljZjdf ;jf{lws kmf]6f] lvlrPsf] / lrqn]vg ul/Psf] kxf8 M dfp06 k'mhL, hfkfg xf] .
 ;'d]? kj{t — lxGb'x?sf eujfg a:g] kj{t
ljleGg kj{t / ltgsf] cjl:ylt
 hfhf — Go"lugL /sL —pQ/ cd]l/sf h'/f —k|mfG; / :jL6\h/Nof08
 afNsg —a'Nu]l/of ck]lgon lxn —O6fnL ANofs dfp06]g —a]nfot
 dfp06 cf/f/t —6sL{ P8D; lks —>Ln+sf s'N;fg —lrg
 kfld/ —tfhsf:tg, lrg, cˆuflg:tfg o'/fn —Plzof / o"/f]k :df]sL —cd]l/sf
 cNkf; —o'/f]k -k|mfG;, O6fnL, :jL6\h/Nof08, cli6«of, lnr]i6fOg _ /sL —cd]l/sf / Sofg8f
 lxdfnog kj{tdfnf - g]kfn, ef/t, rLg, e'6fg, kfls:tfg_, @$)) ls=dL nfdf] 5 . PN;jy{ kj{t —cG6fl6{sf
 sf/sf]/d — -ef/t, kfls:tfg, rLg, cˆuflg:tfg_

w|j'
 k[YjLsf] ;a}eGbf pQ/L / blIf0fL efudf /x]sf :yfgx?nfO{ w|'j elgG5 .
 ;a} b]zfGt/ /]vfx?n] pQ/L / blIf0fL w|'jnfO{ hf]8\b5g\ .
 ()˚ pQ/L / blIf0fL cIff+z /]vfx? pQ/L / blIf0fL w|'jdf ljGb' dfq /xG5g\ .
 k[YjLsf] w|'jLo efu s]xL y]lKrosf] / e'dWo/]vLo efu s]xL km's]sf] 5 .
 pQ/L w|'j M /f]j6{ k]/L, ;g\ !()(, cd]l/sf
 blIf0fL w|'j M /f]N8 Pd08;]g, ;g\ !(!!, gj]{
cIff+z
 cIff+z –k[YjLsf] dfglrqdf e'dWo/]vf;Fu ;fdfgGt/ x'g] u/L k"j{ klZrd lbzfdf lvlrPsf] sfNklgs /]vf
 ljleGg :yfgx?sf] jf:tljs cjl:ylt, b'/L tyf xfjfkfgLsf] cj:yf cflb cIff+zsf] ;xof]uaf6 cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 .
 e'–dWo/]vfaf6 pQ/ / blIf0fsf] sf]l0fo b'/L – cIff+z /]vf x'g\ . oL /]vfx? !÷! l8u|Lsf] km/sdf pQ/L uf]nf4{df () /
blIf0f uf]nf4{df () u/L hDdf !*) j6f x'G5g\ .
 ;aeGbf nfdf] cIff+z/]vf – e'dWo/]vf .
 e' – dWo/]vfaf6 pQ/ tyf blIf0f tL/sf cIff+z /]vfx? qmdz M 5f]6f] x'b} uO{ w|'jdf k'Ubf ljGb' dfq /xG5g\ .
 hDdf cIff+z /]vfx? !*) j6f
 )˚ cIff+z /]vf Ö e'dWo/]vf
 @# !÷@˚pQ/L cIff+z Ö ss{6 /]vf
 @#!÷@˚blIf0f cIff+z Ö ds/ /]vf
 ^^!÷@˚pQ/L cIff+z Ö ;'d]? j[Q
 ^^!÷@˚blIf0fL cIff+z Ö s'd]? j[Q
 k|To]s b'O{ cIff+z /]vfjLrsf] km/s b'/L – !!! lsdL
 cIff+z /]vf k"0f{ j[Qfsf/ x'G5g\ .
b]zfGt/
 b]zfGt/ –j]nfotsf] u|LgjLr )˚,k|wfgdWofGx /]vfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL k[YjLsf] pQ/L w|'jb]lv blIf0f w|'j;Dd lvlrPsf] sfNklgs /]vf
 b]zfGt/ /]vfx? !÷! l8u|Lsf] km/sdf k"jL{ uf]nf4{df !*) / klZrdL uf]nf4{df !*) u/L hDdf #^) j6f x'G5g\ .
 hDdf b]zfGt/ /]vfx? #^) j6f
 b]zfGt/ /]vfsf] ;xof]uaf6 s'g} 7fFpsf] :yfgLo ;do kQf nufpg ;lsG5 .
 b]zfGt/ /]vfx? cw{j[Q cfsf/sf x'G5g\ .
 k|wfgdWofGx /]vfb]lv k"j{tkm{sf] ;do qmdzM l56f] x'G5 eg] pQm /]vf b]lv klZrdtkm{sf] ;do qmdz M l9nf] x'G5
 !*)˚b]zfGt/ /]vfnfO{ cGt/fli6«o ltyL /]vf elgG5 .
 )˚b]zfGt/ /]vf Ö k|wfg dWofGx /]vf
 k|To]s !˚ b]zfGt/ /]vf Ö $ ldg]6 ;do km/s
cGt/f{li6«o ltly /]vf
 cGt/f{li6«o ltly/]vf – !*)˚sf] b]zfGt/ /]vf
 !*)˚ l8u|L b]zfGt/ /]vf kf/ ugf{ ;fy ltly, ldlt, af/ km/s kg'{sf] sf/0f – k[YjLsf] b}lgs ult / k[YjL uf]nfsf/ x'gfn] xf] .
 k|To]s !˚ b]zfGt/ Ö $ ldg]6 , !%˚ Ö ^) ldg]6÷! 306f, ()˚Ö ^ 306f
 cGt/f{li6«o ltly/]vf b]lv k"j{ tyf klZrddf km/skm/s lx;fjn] lbg u0fgf ul/G5 .
 cfs[ltsf] lx;fan] /]vf afËf]l6Ëf] ul/g'sf] k|d'v sf/0f– Pp6} :yfg jf b]zleq ltly ldlt ;do / af/df Ps?ktf Nofpg' xf] .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 7 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 k|To]s lbgsf] z'? / cGTo !*)˚ b]zfGt/ /]vfaf6 x'G5 .
 u|LgjLr b]lv cGt/f{li6«o ltly/]vf;Ddsf] ;do !@ 306f km/s kb{5 .
;do
k|fdfl0fs ;do
 k|fdfl0fs ;do–s'g} klg b]zn] To; b]znfO{ sf6]/ uPsf] b]zfGt/ /]vfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ nfu' ul/Psf]÷lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;do
 g]kfnsf] k|fdfl0fs ;do s'g lxdfnnfO{ cfwf/ dflgPsf]5<– uf}/Lz+s/ lxdfn-*^ l8u|L !% ldg]6 k"jL{ b]zfGt/_
 g]kfnsf] ;do GMTeGbf slt km/s 5<–% 306f $% ldg]6 l56f]
 slxn] jf6 nfu'–@)$@÷!÷!b]lv
:yfgLo ;do
 :yflgo ;do –l7s lbgsf] !@ ah] ;"o{ xfd|f] 6fpsf]sf] dfly x'Fbf lgwf{/0f ul/g] ;do
 :yfgLo ;do u|LgjLraf6 km/s – k|To]s !˚b]zfGt/sf] cGt/df $ ldg]6sf] b/n] km/s h:t}M g]kfnsf] k"j{df tfKn]h'Ë / klZrddf
s~rgk'/sf] :yfgLo ;dodf #@ ldg]6sf] ;do km/s kb{5 . lsgeg] oL b'O{ :yfgsf] b]zfGt/ * l8u|L n] km/s 5 . t/ g]kfne/L
Pp6} ;do rnfpg uf}/Lz+s/ lxdfnnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ToxfFsf] :yfgLo ;donfO{ g]kfnel/ k|fdfl0fs ;dosf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 .
 u|LgjLrsf] ;donfO{ cfwf/dfgL cGt/f{li6«o ;dosf] lgwf{/0f –;g\ !**$ b]lv lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] .
 cGt/f{li6«o :t/df dfGotf k|fKt x'g] u/L ljZjnfO{ slt If]qdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 <@$ j6f ;do
ljZjsf] ;aeGbf 7'nf], ;fgf],cUnf], ulx/f]M
ljZjsf] ;aeGbf 7'nf] M
vf8L M d]S;Lsf] vf8L kfgL hxfh M SjLg Plnhfj]y
38L M lauj]g -n08g_ k':tsfno MnfOa|]/L ckm su|];-cd]l/sf_
u|xM a[x:klt k|zf;lgs ejg Mk]G6fug –cd]l/sf_
rr{ M ;]G6lk6;{sf] jfl;lnsf -Eofl6sg l;l6_ rnlrq ejg M /]l8of] l;6L Do'lhs xn -cd]l/sf_
rnlrq :6'l8of] M o'lge;{n :6'l8of] -PGhN; cd]l/sf_
lrl8ofvfgf M Ogf];f l/h{e -clk|msf_ 6fk'M lu|gNof08-8]gdfs{_
6fk' ;d'bfo M O08f]g]l;of hg;+Vof ePsf] b]zM rLg
dlGb/ M PÍ/ef6 –sDaf]l8of_ dl:hb Mdfnfljof-O/fs_
/fhb'tfaf; Mckmuflg:tfgdf /x]sf] cd]l/sL /fhb'tfjf;
ag M sf]0fwf/L jg -?;_ t]n k|zf]wg s]Gb| M wfjg s]Gb| -;fpbL c/j_
kvf{n M u|]6jfn ckm rfOgf kj{t >[+vnf M b Pl08h -cd]l/sf_
ljdfg:ynMh]4f-;fpbL c/a_ dxfsfJoMdxfef/t /fli6«o
lgs'~h M p8 akm]nf] ,Sofgf8 gx/ M :j]h
;d'Gb|M ;fpy rfOgf ;L ;}lgs Mu0ftGq rLgsf] d'lQm ;]gf
hxfhL gx/M XjfO6 jflN6g gx/ -?;_ lx/fM #!)^ Sof/]6sf] s'lNngfg lx/f-a]nfot_
ljZjsf] ;aeGbf ;fgf] M
dxfl4kM c:6]«lnof pku|xM n]8f –sl/a !% +ls=ld=
:jtGq /fHo M Eofl6sg l;6L -)=$$ j=ls=dL=_, r/fM aL xldª\ j8{ So'jflt/ kfOg] -@=@$ OGr nfdf] _
?vM 6'08f –u|LgNof08_ k':tsMhdgL{sf] k':tsfnodf /x]sf]
l;Ssf M hfjf d'b|f-hok|sfz dNnsf] kfnfdf ag]sf]_
;k{ M ad{ :g]s - cd]l/sf_
ljZjdf ;aeGbf cUnf] M
cUnf] ejg Ma'h{ vflnkmf ,b'jO{ -!^) tnfo'Qm *@* ld=÷@&!^ lkm6 prfO ePsf] _
cUnf] :yfgdf Hjfnfd'vL M ch]{lG6gfsf] cfGtf]kmf]nf -^$%) dL=_
6fj/ M 6f]/G6f] -Sofgf8f_ sf] d]6«f] ;]G6/df l:yt ;L=Pg= 6fj/
kxf8sf] >]0fL M lxdfno kj{t >]0fL kxf8sf] r'r'/f M ;u/dfyf , g]kfn
cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] /fhwfgLM nfkfh-a]lnleof_ em/gf M PGh]n -e]g]h'Pnf_
cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] /]Nj] :6]zg M 6f+u'nf /]Nj] :6]zg -%)^* dL=prfOdf lgld{t_rLg
cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] xjfO{c•fM afªbf Po/kf]6{-ltAat_ xf]6n M l;+ufk'/sf] j]i6 Og :6fdkmf]8{ @@^=! dL=
cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] xf]6nM Pe]/]i6 Eo" -g]kfn_ !@,&!# lkm6 prfO
af}4 :t'kM n'lDagL sf] af}4 :t'k-!)%=$ lkm6_ cUnf] :yfgdf zx/ M Nxf;f ltAat
d'lt{M db/Nof08 -cd]l/sf_ *)=#) ld= afFw M s'u/ afFw -?;_,#)) ld=
ljZjsf] ;aeGbf nfdf] M
glbM gfOn -^^() ls=dL=_ gx/ M ef]Nuf aflN6s gx/ -@#))ls=dL=
afFw M ofls/]tf PkfOk –ch]{lG6gf_ l;rfOF gx/M sf/f sD;fO
;8sL ;'?ªM gj{sf] nf8n k'nM bfofª\,s'Zª\,u|f08lj|h -rLg_
/]nj] Kn]6 kmd{ M ef/t sf] klZrd a+ufndf /x]sf] v8sk'/ Kn]6kmd{
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 8 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
ljZjdf ;aeGbf ulx/f] M
tfn M a}sfn tfn !($) dL=-?;_
vf]+rM wjnflu/L / cGgk"0f{ lxdfn larsf] sflnu08sLsf] vf]+r
dxf;fu/Lo ;aeGbf ulx/f] efuM dfl/ofgf 6]«Gr !!,&&^dL=
rGb|dfsf] ;aeGbf ulx/f] qm]6/M Go"6g
;8sM d[t;fu/sf] Oh/fonL t6df /x]sf] ;d'Gb| ;tx eGbf #(# dL=tn /x]sf]
ljZjsf] ;jf{lws ulx/f] pkTosf M c?0f pkTosf, *#(! ld6/ ulx/f], z+v'jf;ef
ljZjsf e'kl/j]li7t /fi6«x? -$* j6f _
 ljZjdf e'kl/j]li7t /fi6«x?sf] ;+Vof $* 5 .
 hDdf M $* j6f
 Plzof M !@, clk|msf M !^, o'/f]k M !* blIf0f cd]l/sf M @
 7"nf] e'kl/j]li7t d'n's M sfhs:tg -e'uf]nsf] cfwf/df_, Oyf]lkof -hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df_
 g]kfn PSsfO;f}+ 7"nf] e"kl/j]li7t d'n's xf] .
 bf]xf]/f] e'kl/j]li7t d'n's @ j6f /x]sf 5g\ M lnr]:6fOg / pHj]ls:tfg
 If]qkmnsf b[li6n] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] e'– kl/j]li7t /fi6« shfs:tfg xf]. shfs:tfgsf] lgdf{0f k'j{ :ff]leot ;+3 ljefhg ePk5L ePsf] xf].
 tL dWo] Pl;ofdf – !@, clk|msfdf !^, o'/f]kdf !* / blIf0f cd]l/sfdf @ j6f kb{5g\ . tL o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
 Pl;of M -!_ g]kfn -@_ nfcf]; -#_ d+uf]lnof -$_ ckmuflg:tfg -%_ e'6fg -^_ lslu{:tfg -&_ tflhls:tfg -*_ shfs:tfg -(_ t's{ldlg:tfg -!)_
pHj]ls:tfg -!!_ ch/a}hfg -!@_ cd]{lgof
 o'/f]k M -!_ cli6«of -@_ nShDau{ -#_ :jL6\h/Nof08 -$_ x+u]/L -%_ r]s u0ftGq -^_ :nf]eflsof] -&_ Eofl6sg l;6L -*_ lnGr]:6fOg -(_ ;fg
dflg/f] -!)_ P08f]/f -!!_ a]nf?; -!@_ ;la{of -!#_ df]N8f]af -!$_ d];]8f]lgof -!%_ gfu|f]gf] -!^_ sf/fafs -!&_ 6«fG;lgli6l/of -!*_ ;fpy
cf];]l6of
 clk|msf M -!_ af]T;jfgf -@_ a'?G8L -#_ rf8 -$_ dnfjL -%_ ?jfG8f -^_ :jflhNof06 -&_ puf08f -*_ gfOh/ -(_ lhDafj] -!)_ hflDaof -!!_
dfnL -!@_ n];f]yf] -!#_ s]Gb|Lo clk|msL u0ftGq -!$_ Olyof]lkof -!%_ a'ls{gfkmf;f] -!^_ blIf0fL ;'8fg
 blIf0f cd]l/sf M -!_ af]nf]leof -@_ kf/fUj]

ljZjsf ljleGg :yndf rNg] jfo'

qm=;+= :yfg afo'sf] gfd & klZrd k|zfGt If]q 6fOkm'g
!= ;xf/f d?e'ld l;/]S6f] * blIf0f cd]l/sf kDk]/f] -h'g — ;]K6]Da/_
!= c/ljo If]q l;o'd ( pQ/ cd]l/sf lrg's
#= lxdfno kj{lto If]q l;/]6f] !) yf? / uf]lj d?e'ld n'
$ lxGb dxf;fu/ ;fOSnf]g !! klZrd clk|msL t6Lo If]q 6Lgf{8f]
% j+ufngsf] vf8L ;fOSnf]g !@ pQ/ / blIf0f w|'a w||'ljo jfo'
^ blIf0f klZrd ci6«lnof ljlnljln
ljZjsf s]xL cGt/fli6«o l;df/]vfx?
qm=;+= Gffd ljefhg
! d]sdf]xg nfOg lrg / ef/t lar
@ 8\o'/]G8 nfOg ef/t / ckmuflg:tfg lar
# lxG8]gju{ nfOg hd{gL / kf]Nof08 lar
$ /]8lSnkm nfOg ef/t / kfls:tfg lar
% @$ Kof/fnfn ef/t / kfls:tfg lar
^ #* Kof/fnfn pQ/ / blIf0f sf]l/of lar
& $( Kof/fnfn Sofg8f / cd]l/sf lar
* d]lhg6 nfOg k|mfG;n] :jLh/Nof08 / a]NhLod;Dd agfosf] lsNnf
( c8{/ lg;] nfOg kf]Nof08 / k'lj{ hd{lg lar
!) l;uk|m8 nfOg hd{gL / k|mfG; lar
!! d]g/]xd nfOg ?; / lkmgNof08 lar
!@ o'/]lzof o'/f]k / Plzof lar
!# d[To'/]vf cd]l/sf / lnljof lar ljjflbt /]vf
!$ !& Kof/fnfn pQ/L blIf0fL leotgfd lar
!% bz uhf g]kfn / ef/t lar

;dfKt

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 9 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;
!=! g]kfnsf] Oltxf; - P]ltxfl;s / kf}/fl0fs cWoog_
-s_ Pltxfl;s, wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo b[li6n] g]kfnsf dxTjk"0f{ :ynx?
 tfKn]h'ª – kflye/f kfFry/ – u'Kt]Zj/ dxb]j emfkf– ;tf;Lwfd, ch'{gwf/f
 ;Kt/L –l5Ggd:tf dGbL/ sfe|]knf~rf]s – gdf]a'4 /;'jf – uf];fFOs'08
 bf]nvf– sfln~rf]s eujtL n'DaLgL – gf}sf ljxf/ g'jfsf]6– b]lj3f6, ssgL
 jlb{of – 7fs'/4f/ ?kGb]xL– ;}gfd}gf Ko'7fg – :ju{4f/L, P/fjt lty{ :yn
 afUn'ª – h}ldgL3f6 a}t8L– lqk'/f ;'Gb/L 8f]6L– z}n]Zj/L
 x'Dnf – gf/L lxN;f 88]nw'/f – pu|tf/f pbok'/ –d}gfd}gL :yfg
 aemfª – s]bf/ h'Dnf – rGbggfy dlGb/ bfr{'nf – dlnsfh{'g, tkf]jg
 wg'iff – b'nfxf b'nxL dlGb/, hfgsL dlGb/ af/f– u9LdfO{, s+sfnLdfO{
 l;Gw'nL – sdnfdfO{, l;4afaf u'kmf, s'z]Zj/ dxfb]j gjnk/f;L– jfNdLsL cf>d, e}+;fnf]6g
 Onfd – k~rsGof, uh'/d'vL b]jL, >L cGt' 8fF8f kfNkf –??If]q, /DefkfgL, >Lgu/, l/8L
 d':tfª – gf/L emf]jf, hf]d;f]d, d'QmLgfy, dfkmf{ c5fd – /fd /f]zg If]q, a}hgfy dlGb/
 ;f]n'v'Da' – gfDr] ahf/, ;u/dfyf cfwf/ lzlj/, :ofªaf]r] tgx'F – xl/x/If]q, 9f]/af/fxL, 5AbLa/fxL, Jof; u'kmf, b]j3f6
 ;'v]{t – nf6L sf]OnL, b]ptL aHo}, ;fnL legfh'sf kfOnf, sfFs|] ljxf/
 ;'g;/L – a/fxIf]q, a'9f;'Aaf, lji0f'kfb'sf, bGtsfnL dlGb/, sf]sf lji0f' dlGb/, rfN;{ KjfO{G6-e]8]6f/, !$@) ld=_

g]kfnsf k|d'v ko{6lso :ynx?sf] prfO{

 ;u/dfyf cfwf/ lzlj/ M %#%^ld kflye/f -tfKn]h'ª_ M #&$( ld d'lQmgfy -d':tfª_ M #&($ ld
 :ofªaf]r] -;f]n'v'Da'_ M #&$* ld= gfDr] ahf/ -;f]n'v'Da'_ M #$$% ld km'nrf]sL -nlntk'/_ M @&^% ld=
 >L cGt' 8fF8f -Onfd_ M@#@* ld gu/sf]6 -eQmk'/, df08klu/L_ M@!&% ld= :ju{4f/L -Ko'7fg_ M @!@% ld
 uf];fFOs'08 -/;'jf_ M$#^) ld= -tNnf] efu_, $^)@ ld= -dflyNnf] efu_ dgsfdgf -uf]/vf_ M !@(* ld=
-v_ uf]kfn, cfle/,ls/Fft, lnR5jL tyf dNnsflng g]kfnsf] Oltxf;
 g]kfnsf] k|fdfl0fs Oltxf; /fhf dfgb]jsf] kfnfb]lvsf] dfq kfOPsf] ePtfklg ;f] ;dok"j{sf lgs} P]ltxfl;s 36gfx?
Oltxf;sf/n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . xfn;Dd cg';Gwfgsf s|ddf km]nf k/]sf j[tfGtx?n] g]kfnsf] k|yd zf;g uf]kfnj+zLx?sf]
/x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

uf]kfnj+zLsf] zf;fgsfnM–
 g]kfnsf k|yd /fhfx?df uf]kfnj+zLx? lyP . uf]kfn eGgfn] ufO{kfns ;d'bfo eGg] hgfFpb5 .
 blIf0faf6 cfPsf uf]kfnx? / k|flrg gfu hfltlar emu8f x'Fbf gfu hfltx? k/flht eO{ blIf0fL e]ult/ nfu] eg] g]kfn
pkTofsfdf uf]kfnx?sf] jr{:j sfod eof]
 uf]kfnx?sf] kfnfdf kz'kltsf] Hof]lt{lnª\u k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .
 6]s' bf]efgdf tk:of ul/ a:g] ‘g]’ d'lgn] uf]kfnj+zLsf e'Qmdfg -e'dLu'Kt_ nfO{ /fhf agfP . cfˆgf] gfdsf] k5f8L u'Kt kbjL
hf]8LPsf]n] lognfO{ u'Ktj+zL klg elGg5 . /fhfx? - e"ld u'Kt, hLt u'Kt, ho u'Kt, wd{ u'Kt, xif{ u'Kt, eLd u'Kt, dl0f u'Kt,
lji0f' u'Kt, oIf u'Kt_
 clGtd uf]kfnj+zL /fhf lg;Gtfg eO{ pgsf pQ/flwsf/L sf]xL gePsfn] blIf0f-ef/t_ af6 cfPsf cfle/j+zLn] g]kfnsf]
/fHo;Qfdf clwsf/ sfod u/]sf lyP .
 logLx?sf] zf;g s]Gb| lslt{k'/ klZrdtkm{ dftflty{df lyof], o;n] lslt{k'/, yfgsf]6, anDa', l6:6'ª, kfn'ª cflb If]q ;d]6]sf]
lyof] .
cfle/j+z -dlxifkfn_zf;gsfnM e}+;L kfns ;d'bfo
 of] j+zsf j/l;+x, hol;+x, / e'jgl;+x u/L # k':tfn] !)) jif{ eGbf al9sf] cjlw;Dd g]kfndf zf;g u/] . logLx?sf] zf;g
s]Gb| dftflty{ lyof] .
 k"j{lt/af6 cfPsf ls/fFtL ;d'bfosf gfOs] Pnd-onDa/_ n] cfqmd0f u/L e'jg l;+xnfO{ k/flht ul/ /fHo ;Qfdf cfˆgf]
lgoGqo0f sfod u/]sf lyP .
ls/fFtj+zL zf;gsfnM– ls/fFt eGgfn] k"j{sf] dfG5] eGg] a'lemG5 . logLx?sf] d"n ynf] k"lj{ kxf8sf] tfdfsf]zL / b'wsf]zL gbLsf]
lsgf/ xf] .
 /fO{6 j+zfjnL cg';f/ ls/fFtj+zsf @( k:tfsf /fhfx?n] em08} !%)) jif{ hlt zf;g rnfPsf] dflgG5 .
 ls/fFt g]kfnsf] clt k|flrg hflt xg\ h;sf] rrf{ /fdfo0f tyf dxfef/t h:tf kf}/fl0fs u|Gydf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . k|yd
/fhf onDa/ / clGtd /fhf u:tL
 kf6gsf] k'/fgf] gfd “on” onDa/s} gfdaf6 /flvPsf] dflgG5 eg] OGb|hfqfdf OGb|rf]sdf k|bz{g ul/g] cfsfz e}/jsf}
lz/nfO{ onDa/sf] d"lt{ dfg]/ k'hf ul/G5 .
 5}7f}+ /fhf x'dtL k/fqmld lyP, logsf] kfnfdf ls/fFtL ?kwfl/ dxfb]j / ch{'g lar o'4 ePsf] lyof] .
 x'dtLsf 5f]/f /fhf lht]bf:tLn] kf08jsf] kIfdf dxfef/tsf] s'?If]q o'4df efu lnPsf lyP . logsf] kfnfdf eujfg a'4
g]kfn pkTosf cfpg' ePsf] dflgG5
 rf}wf}+ /fhf :y+'sf]sf] kfnfdf df}o{j+zL ef/lto ;d|f6 czf]sf g]kfn cfO{ eujfg a'4sf] :d[ltdf czf]sf :tDe lgdf{0f u/fP .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 1 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 kGw|f}+ k':tfsf ls/fFtL /fhf lh3|f] czf]sfsf 8/n] dftflty{ 5f]8L uf]s0f{df b/af/ agfO{ ToxLF af6 /fHo rnfpg yfn] .
 @*cf}+ /fhf k6'sn] ;f]dj+zL /fhfx?sf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg uf]s0f{ klg 5f]8L z+vd'n lt/ /fhwflg agfO{ a;] .
 clGtd ls/ftL /fhf u:tLnfO{ ;f]dj+zLx?n] k/flht u/]kl5 ls/fFt zf;gsfnsf] cGTo eof] .
ls/Fftsfndf ePsf ljsf;M–
 g]kfnsf] k|zf;lgs 9fFrfsf] lgdf{0f klxnf] k6s ls/Fftsfndf ePsf] lyof] . g]kfndf /fhtGqsf] ;'?jft o;} sfnjf6 ePsf]
lyof] .
 kz'kltgfy cfo{3f6sf] lj?kfIfsf] d"lt{ ls/Fftsflng snfs[lt dflgG5 . g]kfnL snf ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; k|f/De ePsf] dflgG5
 oxL ;dodf s'y]/,dfKrf]s, lnª\jn, jf zfNn] h:tf c8\8fx?sf] :yfkgf ePsf lyP .
;f]dj+zM–
 ;f]dj+zLx?n] ls/FftL /fhf u:tLnfO{ k/fhLt u/L ;f]dj+zL /fHo :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . k|yd /fhf lgldif x'g \ / clGtd /fhf
e"ldjdf{ x'g\ .
 kz'k|]Ifb]j -rf}yf] /fhf_n] kz'kltgfy dlGb/sf] lh0ff]{4f/ u/fO{ 5fgfnfO{ :j0f{do agfpg] / ;'gsf uh'/ r9fPsf lyP .
 clGtd /fhf e"ldjdf{ k'qxLg ePsfn] ;"o{j+zL /fhk'tnfO{ cfˆgf] pQ/flwsf/L agfO{ ;"oj+zL zf;gsf] k|f/De u/fP .
 ;f]dj+zL /fhfx? M-!_ lgldif Muf]bfj/Ldf !@ aif{] d]nf rnfP -@_ dtfIf -#_ sfsjdf{ -$_ kz'k|]Ifb]j -%_ efis/ jdf{ -^_
e"ldjdf{

lnR5jLx?sf] zf;gsfnM–
 logLx? ;"o{j+zL If]qL ;d'bfosf lyP h;n] sl/a *)) jif{ g]kfndf zf;g u/]sf lyP . g]kfn cfpg' eGbf cl3 logLx?
ef/tsf] d'hfkm/k'/ lhNnf a;f9 eGg] Onfsfdf u0ftGqfTds /fHo rnfO{ a;]sf lyP h;nfO{ æj}zfnLÆ elgGYof] . k|f/Dedf
j}zfnLdf :jtGq u0ftGqfTds zf;g k|0ffnL cg';f/ zf;g u/L/x]sf logLx? ToxfF /fhtGqfTds Aoj:yf ;b[9 x'b} uP
k:rft Toxf l6Sg g;sL g]kfndf z/0ffly{sf] ?kdf k|j]z u/]sf dflgPsf] 5 .
 To;a]nf g]kfndf ls/FftLx?n] zf;g rnfO{/x]sf lyP . ;Qfsf nfuL 7'nf] ;+3{if ePsf] lyof] . pQm 36gfnfO{ nlntk'/sf]
Rof;n6f]ndf cf7 ;o ls/FftLx? dfl/Psf] zLnfn]vsf] j0f{gn] k'li6 ub{5 .
 ;'o{j+zL /fhf bz/ysf *cf}+ k':tfdf lnR5jL eGg] AolQm ePsf / logs} gfdaf6 lnR5jL j+z :yfkgf ePsf] xf] eGg]
dfGotf klg kfO{Psf] 5 .
 g]kfndf Jojl:yt zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;'?jft lnR5jLsfndf ePsf] xf] . lnR5jLsf] zf;gsfnnfO{ :j0f{ o'u elgG5 .
 hob]j k|ydnfO{ g]kfnsf] klxnf] lnR5jL /fhf / clGtd /fhf hob]j t[ltonfO{ dfgLPsf] 5 .
 hob]j k|ydkl5 xl/bQ, j[ifb]j, wd{b]j cflb !^ k':tfn] zf;g u/]kl5 wd{b]jsf 5f]/f dfgb]j /fhf ePsf] s'/f g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df pNn]v u/]sf] kfO{G5 .
 To;a]nf jf:t'snf, lrqsnf, d'lt{snfsf] r/d ljsf; ePsf] lyof] eg] s[lif ljsf;sf nflu k|z:t dfqfdf /fhs'nfx?
agfOPsf lyP . s'l6/ pBf]ux?sf] klg /fd|f] ljsf; ePsf] lyof] .
 g]kfndf ;j{k|yd lznfn]vsf] :yfkgf, eb|flwjf; h:tf ljzfn /fhejgx?sf] lgdf{0f tyf rLg;+u ldqtfsf] ljsf; oxL
sfndf ePsfn] Oltxf;df lnR5jLsfnnfO{ :j0f{o'u elgPsf] xf] . rf/ hft c7fx| j0f{sf] k|yf ljBdfg lyof] . afnljjfx,
ax'ljjfx / cGt/hflto ljjfx / ;lt k|yfsf] k|rng lyof] .

lnR5jLsflng s]lx k|d'v /fhfx?

xl/bQ M– pkTosfdf k|l;4 rf/ gf/fo0fsf] :yfkgf log}n] u/]sf] dflgG5 .
j[ifb]j M– j[ifb]jn] :joDe' / rfjlxnsf r}Tox? :yfkgf u/]sf lyP .
dfgb]j k|yd M– dfgb]j k|ydnfO{ lnR5jLsfnsf !& cf}+ k':tfsf /fhf dflgG5 . logL /fhf wd{b]j / /fgL ;TofjtLsf 5f]/f lyP .
 g]kfnsf k|yd k|fdfl0fs /fhf log}nfO{ dflgG5 lsgeg] g]kfnsf] tYok/s 36gfx? pNn]v ePsf] P]ltxfl;s lznfn]v klg
logs} sfndf :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . logn] rfFu'gf/fo0fsf] eJo dlGb/ agfO{ To;df lznfn]v ;d]t /fVg nufP . g]kfndf
xfn ;Dd km]nf k/]sf] lznfn]v dWo ;aeGbf k'/fgf] lznfn]v xf] .
 dfgb]jn] eJo dfgu[xsf] lgdf{0f, >L ef]lugL n]lvPsf] dfgfª\s gfds d'b|fsf] k|rng u/fPsf lyP . gfu / jfz'sLsf] k'hf
ug]{ k|rng NofPsf lyP .
lzjb]j k|yd -lnR5jL s'ns]t'_ M– logL af}4 wd{sf cg'ofoL ePsfn] af}4gfysf] :t'kf :yfkgf u/fPsf lyP .
c+z'jdf{ M c+z'jdf{ ljM; ^^@df /fhf ePsf lyP eg] d[To' ljM; ^&* df ePsf] lyof] .
 g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df g} cToGt s'zn / k|tfkL dflgg] /fhf c+z'jdf{ lnR5jLsflng /fhf ePtfklg logL lnR5jL j+zsf eg]
xf]O{gg\, logL cToGt} rt'/ / k/fqmdL ePsfn] lzjb]j k|ydn] cfˆgL 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx logL;+u u/fO{ dxf;dGt agfP/ /fHosf]
;Dk'0f{ zf;g ef/ / clwsf/ ;'lDkO{ cfkm' gfd dfqsf /fhf eP . To;}n] o;sfndf 4}w zf;g rn]sf] lyof] . lzjb]j
k|ydsf] d[To' kl5 logL /fhf ePsf lyP .
 logsf] zf;gsfndf ltAatsf /fhf ;|ªrªuDkf] / blIf0fsf /fhf xif{jB{gn] cf–cfˆgf] /fHo lj:tf/ ub}{ lyP . c+z'jdf{n]
rnfvL k'j{s plgx?l;t ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod ul/ cfˆgf] /fHonfO{ cIf'00f / ;'/lIft /fv] . ltAatsf /fhf ;|ªrªuDkf];Fu
cfˆgL 5f]/L e[s'6Lsf] ljjfx u/fP, h;n] ubf{ b'O{ b]z aLr cfk;L ;DaGw ;'b[9 aGg k'Uof] eg] rLgdf af}4 wd{sf] lj:tf/
eof] .
 logsf] ;fzg sfndf b]zleq gfktnf}sf] Joj:yf, gofF 6sdf/L rnfO{ Jofkf/nfO{{ pGgt agfP .
 logn] agfPsf] s}nfzs'6 ejg / To;sf] snf s[ltsf] k|z+;f ub}{ rLlgof ofqL x'o]g ;fª\n] cfˆgf] tfª\ j[tfGtdf o:tf]
b/jf/ cGoq sFxLkgL gb]v]sf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ;fFufsf] lznfn]vdf of] b/jf/af/] n]lvPsf] 5 .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 2 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 c+z'jdf{nfO{ lbPsf pkgfdM cfbz{ zf;s, jf]lw;Tj, dxf;fdGt, snxfeLdflg x'g\ . logsf] /fHosfnnfO{ lnR5jLsfnsf]
:j0f{ sfn elgG5 .
 pgn] zAb ljBf u|Gysf] /rgf u/]sf 5g\ . dxf/fhlw/fh kbfjL wf/0ff ug]{ /fhf, o'j/fhlw/fhsf] 3f]if0ff logsf] kfnfb]lv
ePsf] lyof], afnssf] ;fngfn sf6\g] rng rnfP, u'Kt ;Dat rnfpg] /fhf, rf/yl/sf 6s rnfpg], a'ªdltdf lznfn]v
:yfkgf u/], kz'kltgfynfO{ /fh dfGotf lbg] /fhf log} x'g\ .
g/]Gb|b]jM– logn] snfTds eb|flwjf; b/jf/sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . logsf
 ] cf;gdf l;+xsf] cfs[lt k|of]u ePsfn] To;kl5 /fhfsf] cf;g ‘l;+xf;g’ sf ?kdf k|Voft ePsf] lyof] .
 ‰ofndf a'§f /fVg] rng rnfP . pgn] lgisf;g u/]sf d'b|fM k0f, k'/f0f -!k'/f0f Ö !^k0f_
 dxf/fhlw/fh k/de§f/s sf] pkflw wf/0f ug]{ /fhf . u'd]sf] /fHo k'gM k|fKt ug]{ /fhf .
efis/ b]jM– g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df pgnfO{ æk/de§f/s dxf/fhlw/fh k/d]Zj/Æ elgG5 .
z+s/b]j-l4lto_M– logn] dgx/fdf dgx/f eujltsf] :yfkgf u/]sf lyP eg] sf7df08f}+sf tgfb]jtfnfO{ s'n b]jtf dfg]sf / tgfb]jn
:yfkgf u/]sf lyP . o;kl5 /fhfsf] s'nb]jtfsf] dlGb/ tyf b]jneGbf cUnf] 3/ hgtfn] agfpg gx'g] /fhf1f hf/L u/]sf lyP .
gS;fn eujltsf] jflif{s hfqf dgfpg] rng klg rnfPsf lyP .
lzjb]j t[tLoM– kBdsfi7lu/L, lslt{k'/df a:tL a;fNg], kz'kltdf ;'gsf] 5fgf xfNg] / rfFbLsf] sdn agfpg] /fhf . lzjf° gfds
d'b|f rnfPsf lyP .
k|r08b]jM–lognfO{ zfGtL >L eg]/ lrlgG5 . :joDe"sf] Hof]ltnfO{ 5f]kL ;f]dfly r}Tosf] lgdf{0f ug]{ /fhf . kz'kltgfysf] :yfkgf u/] .
u'0fsfdb]j÷ nIdLsfdfb]j M–
 u'0fsfdb]jn] sflGtk'/ /fHosf] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ . sflGtk'/ zx/ lgdf{0fdf logn] ! nfv vr{ u/]sf] s'/f j+zfjlndf jl0f{t
5 . j+zfjlncg';f/ u'0fsfdb]jsf] zf;g sfndf !*)) 3/ ag]sf lyP . cfw'lgs sf7df08f}+sf lgdf{tf klg elgG5 .
 logn] cflZjg z'Sn k+rdLsf lbg OGb|hfqfsf] k|f/De, lji0f'dltsf] lsgf/df s/jL/ d;fgsf] lgdf{0f,gjb'uf{, /QmsfnL, n'd8L
b]jLsf] :yfkgf, lxn]hfqf, s[i0fhfqf, nfv]hfqf, OGb|hfqf, >[ª\ue]/L hfqf cflb rnfPsf lyP . zfSoj+zsf] sGofnfO{ s'df/L
agfO{ k'hf ug]{ rng rnfP
lnR5jLsfnsf] zf;gJoj:yf
 b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg{sf nflu xfn k|rngdf /x]sf Joj:yflksf, Gofokflnsf / sfo{kflnsfsf] h:t} :j?kdf
5'§f5'§} sfo{If]qx? tf]lsPsf lyP . o;sf sfo{If]qx? o; k|sf/ 5g\ .
Joj:yflksfM–
 b]zdf zf;g ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{ cfjZos kg]{ P]g–sfg'g, cGt/f;g -/fh;ef_ sf] ;Nnfx / ;'emfasf] cfwf/df /fhfn]
agfpy] .
 cGt/f;gdf u|fdk~rflnsf k|d'v klg /xg] Joj:yf lyof] . cfˆgf] If]qdf nfu' x'g] s]lx lgodx? eg] u|fd–kf~rflnn] tof/
ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf lyP .
sfo{kflnsfM–
 /fHosf] ;jf]{kl/ zlQm /fhf ePsfn] sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v klg /fhf g} x'g] uy]{ . /fhsfhsf] ;Dk'0f{ lhDd]jf/L /fhfdf g} x'g]
uYof]{ .
 /fHoJoj:yfsf] b}lgs k|zf;gdf /fhfnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, k|x/L k|d'v, k|wfg ;]gfklt, gLhL ;lrj h:tf
ljleGg kbx?sf] Joj:yf lyof] .
 To:t} lhNnf -ljifodf_ /fhk|ltlglwsf] ?kdf ljifokltx? /xGy,] s]Gb|eGbf 6f9fsf] If]qdf ;fdGtx?n] zf;g rnfpFy] .
Toxfsf] s/ p7fpg] / s]Gb|df k7fpg] sfd klg plgx?n] g} uy{] . s]Gb|eGbf 6f9f /x]sf ufFpdf /fhk|ltlglwsf] ?kdf 4f/]x?
/xGy] .
GofokflnsfM–
 lnR5jLsflng Gofo Joj:yfnfO{ Ps cfb{z Gofo Joj:yf dfGg ;lsG5 . Gofo ;Dkfbgsf nflu s'y]/, dfKrf]s, lnªjn tyf
z'NnL h:tf lgsfosf] Joj:yf lyof] . s]Gb|b]lv ufFpufFp ;Dd Goflos lgsfox?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fgfltgf
d'4fdfldnf u|fd k.~rflnn] g} ldnfpg] Joj:yf lyof] .
 u|fd–kf~rflnn] ldnfpg g;s]sf] d'4fx? 4f/]dfkm{t /fhfsFxf k]z x'GYof] .
 s]Gb|df k/df;g gfdsf] pRr Gofono lyof] o;sf] k|d'v sfo{ /fhfnfO{ Goflos ;Nnfx lbg] lyof] .
 k~rck/fwdf -rf]l/, xTof,csf{sL :jf:gL x/0f, /fhb|f]x / cGo ck/fw_ ;+nUg ck/flw / p;sf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;d]t b08
ul/GYof]
 lnR5ljsfndf lnR5jL /fhfx? wd{zf:q, gLltzf:q, dg':d[lt cflbnfO{ cWoog u/]/ To;sf cfwf/df Gofo lbg] ub{y] .

lnR5ljsflng kbx?
 dxfcdfTo– k|wfgdGqL cdfTo– dGqL k|;fbflws[t – xflsd, sfof{no k|d'v
 dxf;j{b08gfos – k|wfg GofofwLz ;j{bf08gfos – GofofwLz dxfk|ltxf/ – xh'l/of, /fhb/jf/sf ;lrj
 dxf;fdGt – k|d'v k|zf;s dxfanfWoIf– k|wfg ;]gfklt e6gfos – ;]gfWoIf
 anfWoIf– ;]gfklt b08gfos – k|x/L k|d'v e6– l;kfxL uf}lNds– ;]gf gfos

lnR5jL sfndf ljleGg k|zf;sLo sfd ug]{ lgsfox? c8\8fx?

 u|fd M 7"nf jf ljsl;t j:tLnfO{ u|fd elgGYof] . o;sf] k|zf;g kf~rfnLn] x]g]{ ub{Yof] eg] k|d'v æk|wfgÆ x'Gy]

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 3 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 tn M ljsl;t u|fdx?sf] ;d"xnfO{ tn elgGYof], b+|u M Jofkl/s s]Gb|, ljifo M lhNnf:t/Lo k|zf;sLo OsfO{
 s'y]/ M lqs/ -efu, ef]u / s/_ ;+sng ug]{, dfnkf]t p7fpg] / e"ld;DaGwL d'2f x]g]{ lgsfo
 z'NnL M k~r ck/fw -rf]/L, hf/L, Hofg, ck/fw / /fhb|f]x_ sf] d'2f l5Gg / b08 lbg] lgsfo, ck/fw lgoGq0f / Gofo
lg;fkmsf] sfo{ ug]{
 lnªjn M ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ug]{, oftfoft jf s'nf], kfgL, af6f]3f6f], k'n k'n];fsf] lgdf{0f ug]{
 dfKrf]s M ljjfx, kf/kfr's], d]nldnfk lzIff cflb ;fdflhs sfo{ x]g]{
 klZrdflws/0f M b]zsf] klZrdL efusf] k|zf;g x]g]{, k"jf{lws/0fM b]zsf] k"jL{ efusf] k|zf;g x]g]{
 kf~rfnL M ufpFsf] d'4f dfldnf / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ug]{, ahf/c8\8f M eG;f/ ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ sfof{no
lnR5jLsfnsf b08sf k|sf/
 jfsb08 – xKsfpg], lwsb08 – a]OHht ug,]{ wgb08 – cfly{s hl/jfgf ug]{, jw b08 – c+u 5]bg ug]{
lnR5jLsfnsf s/x?
 efu M s[lifdf nufOg], ef]u M kz'kfngdf nufOg,] s/ M jfl0fHodf nufOg], dNno'4 / uf]o'4 M dgf]/~hgdf,
t}ns/ M t]ndf, ;'s/s/ M ;'Fu'/df, cfk0fs/ M k;ndf, r}ns/ M sk8fdf,
 dNns/ M e}+;Ldf, l;+s/ M kmlg{r/df, kf08'ns/ M Kofhdf
lnR5jLsfn ljljwM–
 lznfn]vdf :j:tL g]kfnEo -g]kfnsf] sNof0f xf];\_ n]Vg] /fhfM a;Gt b]j
 g]kfn ;+jt /fhf /f3b]jsf] kfnfb]vL k|rngdf -lj=;+=(#^af6_ cfPsf] xf] .
 kz'kltgfysf] b]jn ;'k'ikn] agfP . ljZjb]j eg]/ j[ifb]jnfO{ lrlgG5
 g]kfnsL /fhs'df/L e[s'6L;+u ljjfx u/]sf] @ jif{kl5 ltAatL /fhf ;|ªrªuf]Dkf]n] ljjfx u/]sL lrlgofF /fhs'df/Lsf] gfd
a]lGrª lyof] . ;|ªrªuf]Dkf]sf] zf;gsfndf ltAatdf af}4 wd{sf] lj:tf/ ug{ g]kfnaf6 uPsf leIf' lznfd~h'
lyP .

dNnj+z ÷ dWosflng g]kfnM–

 ef/tsf] s'zLgu/ / To;sf] 5]p5fpdf d"n ynf] ePsf dNnx? zf/0fyfL{sf] ?kdf g]kfnsf] u08sL If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf lyP .
 ljM;+= (#^ b]lv g]kfnsf] Plss/0f ePsf] cjlw !*@% ;Ddsf] ;donfO{ dWosfn elgG5 . tyfkL o; cjlwdf uf]/vf
/fHodf zfxj+zL, kfNkfdf ;]gj+zL, s0ff{nL If]qdf v; dNnj+zL /fhfx?sf] zf;g klg /x]sf] lyof] . dNnsfnsf] /fhefiff
;+:s[t lyof] .
 snf ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf] b[li6n] of] sfn csf]{ :j{0f o'u aGg k'Uof] . g]kfnsf] jf:t'snf / nlntsnfsf] ;jf{lws ljsf;
dNnsfndf ePsf] lyof] .
 cl/ b]j dNn s':tL v]ln/x]sf] avt k'q nfe ePsf] va/ k|fKt ePkl5 pgn] cfkm\gf] gfdsf] k5fl8 dNn /fv], To;kl5
plgx?sf] gfd k5fl8 dNn /flvof] .
 ;dli6df dNn /fhfx?sf] zf;g sfndf g]kfnsf] ljv08g ePsf] lyof], /fhf oIfdNnn] ljzfn g]kfnnfO{ 6's|fO{ cfkm\gf
5f]/fx?df afF8]sf lyP .
Plss[t g]kfnsf dNn /fhfx? M–
-!_ cl/]jb]j dNn -@_ ceo dNn -#_ hob]j dNn
-$_ cfgGbb]jdNn -%_ holedb]j dNn -^_ cgGt dNn
-&_ hofgGb dNn -*_ ho?b| dNn -(_ /fhb]j dNn
-!)_ ch'{g dNn -!!_ hol:ylt dNn -!@_ huHof]lt dNn -!#_ oIf dNn

k|d'v dNnsflng /fhfx?

-!_ hol:ylt dNnM–;fdflhs ;'wf/s
 sgf{6 jzL+ /fhf, ljjfx /fhNob]jL ;+u
 g]kfndf Aoj;flos lzIffsf] ;'?jft u/fpg] AolQm, ck/flwnfO{ ck/fwsf] k|s[lt x]l/ cfly{s b08 lbg] k|rng ;'?jft u/]
 hUuf hldgsf] gfkhfFr ug]{ rng rfnfP, hUuf hldg lwtf] /fvL C0f lbg] rng rnfP
 ljjfx kl5 dlxnfsf] y/ k'?ifsf] y/df kl/jt{g ug]]{ Aoj:yf sfod u/] . dfgjGofozf:qsf /rflotf x'g \ .
 hol:ylt dNnn] hUufnfO{ cAan, bf]od, ;Ld, rfxf/ u/L $ efudf ljefhg u/] . hUufwlgnfO{ tlN;ª / hUuf
sdfpg]nfO{ df]xL eGg] rng rnfP
 s'Dj]Zj/ dxfb]j, pGd'Qm e}/jsf] dlGb/, hojfu]Zj/L, njs'z dlGb/, kz'klt cfo{3f6 :yfkgf
 logn] ;dfhnfO{ $ hft #^ j0f{df ljeQm u/] . a|fDx0fnfO{ k~ruf}8 / k~rb|lj8df ljefhg u/]
 hol:ylt dNnsf] kfnfdf dGqLnfO{ d'NdL / d'Vo dGqLnfO{ dxf/y elgGYof] .
-@_ oIf dNnM–-odn]Zj/,d08n]Zj/_
 eQmk'/nfO{ rf/}lt/ af6 3]g]{ clg lsNnf agfpg] /fhf . eQmk'/sf] rlr{t dlGb/ bQfq]o dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f u/fP
 kz'kltdf e§ k'hf/L /fVg] rng rnfP . eLdgfy nf]s]Zj/ -odn]Zj/_ sf] d"lt{ :yfkgf u/]
 sf7df08f} pkTosf ljefhg u/L cfkm\gf 5f]/fx?nfO{ afF8], sflGtk'/–/Tg dNn, efbufFp– /fo dNn, kf6g–/0f dNn
 ;+lxtfkf7 gfds x:tlnlvt u|Gysf /rgfsf/
-#_ dlxGb| dNnM–
 zf;g ;+rfng !$ jif{ -lj=;+= !^!&–!^#! ;Dd_ . k|hf dbf{ 5fs 5f]8\g] /fhf
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 4 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 rfFbLsf] df]xf]/, dx]Gb| dNnL gfds d'b|f k|rngdf NofPsf . Zj]t ljgfos hfqfsf] k|rng u/fPsf
 k|tfk dNnn] lognfO{ zq'nfO{ ysf{pg] k[YjLsf /Tg eg]sf 5g\ .

-$_ k|tfk dNn-sljGb|_M–

 hGd lj=;+= !^*), lktfM–/fhf nIdLg/l;+x dNn, zf;gsfn ## jif{ -ljM; !^(*–!&#!;Dd_
 plg !% efiffsf 1ftf lyP t;y{ pgnfO{ sljGb| pkflw k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
 plg dNnsfnsf ;jf{lws zlQmzfln /fhf lyP . s'rljxf/af6 8f]ln lemsfO{ ljjfx ug]{ AolQm
 pgsf] kfnfb]vL /fhkl/jf/sf ;b:on] a'9flgns07sf] bz{g ug{ 5f8] . tflGqs zlQm4f/f sfn e}/jnfO{ x;fFpg] /fhf
 xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/leq ;'Gb/Lrf]s, gf;nrf]s, g/l;+xrf]s, sflnGrf]s,agfpg] /fhf
 a'9flgns07 b]lv xg'dfg9f]sf ;Dd s'nf] agfP/ kfgL Nofpg] /fhf
 xg'dfg9f]sfsf] d"lt{, sfne}/jsf] :yfkgf, /flgkf]v/Lsf] aLrsf] hn]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] dlGb/,kz'klt sf]l6lnª\u, blIf0fsflnsf]
dlGb/, /fgL kf]v/L – lj=;+= !&@&_sf] lgdf{0f, l;+xb/af/ j}Bvfgf lgdf{0f ug]{ /fhf
 ;]tf] dlrGb|gfysf] /yofqfsf] z'?jft u/fpg] /fhf, rf/s'g] d'b|f k|rngdf Nofpg] /fhf, d'b|fdf /fgLsf] gfd n]Vg] klxnf]
/fhf
 :jfdL 1fggGb / nDas0f{ e§sf] g]kfn cfudg logsf] kfnfdf ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
-%_ l;l4g/l;+x dNnM–
 ljM; !^(# df kf6gsf] @! uh'/ ePsf] lzv/ z}lndf s[i0f dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f u/] .
 uf]/vfsf /fhf /fdzfx ;+u Aofkfl/s ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ /fhf
 rGb|fo0f a|t a;L udL{df cfuf] tfKg] / hf8f]df lr;f] 9'uf+df a;L tk:of ug]]{ /fhf
 5fnfsf] d'b|f k|rngdf Nofpg] /fhf, sflt{s gfr, g/l;+x g[Tosf] rng rnfpg] /fhf
 /fhsfh 5f]/fnfO{ ;'lDk wd{sd{df nfUg] /fhf .
-^_ e"kltGb| dNnM-slj r'8fdl0f ;d|f6_
 eQmk'/ b/af/ cuf8L cfkm\g}] zflns lgdf{0f, eQmk'/sf] %% em\ofn] b/af/, Goftkf]n dlGb/ / e}/jsf] dlGb/ agfpg] /fhf
 piffx/0f, h}ldgL ef/t gf6ssf /rflotf
-&_ hok|sfz dNnM–
 hok|sfz dNnnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ la|l6z Oi6 Ol08of sDkgLsf sKtfg lsgns kmf}h lnO{ g]kfn cfPsf lyP .
 k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx ;+u 5ftf / h'Qf dfUg] /fhf, :j{0f d'b|f / c;kmL{ k|of]udf Nofpg]] /fhf, hfjf d'b|f lgisfzg ug]{ /fhf
 afnfh'sf] @! wf/f / uf]s0f]{Zj/sf] dlGb/, s'df/L dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug]{ /fhf, 3f]8] hfqf-lkzfr rt'bzL{_ k|rngdf Nofpg] /fhf
 j+zfjnL cg';f/ /0faxfb'/ zfxsf] ?kdf k'gh{Gd lnPsf] ljZjf; ul/g] dNn /fhf hok|sfz dNn x'g\
-*_ huHof]lt dNn M efbufpFsf /fhf
 x/uf}/L ljjfx, s'~hljxf/L gf6s h:tf u|Gysf /rgfsf/ . lj:s]6 hfqf, cflb e}/jsf] /yofqf k|rngdf NofP
 tflGqs ann] t'nhf ejfgL;Fu kf;f v]Ng] /fhf x'g\ .
-(_ of]ug/]Gb| dNn -lhljt dflgg] /fhf_ MoL /fhf dbf{ #! /fgL ;tL uPsf lyP . ;}lgs axfb'/nfO{ r'8fdl0f kbs lbg] /fhf .
tDafv'df ljif ldnfO{ if8\oGqk"j{s dfl/g] /fhf
-!)_ nIdL g/l;+x dNn -ax'nf /fhf_
 logsf] kfnfdf sflGtk'/sf] gfdfs/0f ePsf] lyof] . wf]ljsf] xftsf] kfgL rnfpg] /fhf . sfhL led dNnsf] xTof ug{
nufpg] /fhf
 sfi7d08k-d?;Qn_ lgdf{0f u/fpg] /fhf, agfpg] JolQm ljif]t x'g \ . logsf] kfnfdf sNkj[If dg'iosf] ?k wf/0f u/]/
k[lYjdf cfPsf] dflgG5
-!!_ hut\k|sfz dNn -uGwj{ ljBfu'?_ ufO{hfqf k|rngdf Nofpg] /fhf
dNn /fhf÷dNnsfn ljljw
 cfkm\gf] d'b|fdf cfkm\gL /fgLsf] gfd c+lst ug]{ /fhf– g/]Gb| dNn, Kn]u /f]usf] dxfdf/Ldf k/]/ dg]{ /fhf M efis/ dNn
 gfdsf] cufl8 ;'dtL n]Vg] M lhtfldq, lhtfldq dNn cfkm"nfO{ ljBfk/f+ut n]Vby] . g]kfn]Zj/ eg]/ >L lgjf; dNnnfO{ elgG5 .
 em\ofndf /+uLg l;;f nufpg] /fhf M /0fhLt dNn, g]kfndf d';ndfgx?sf] k|j]z /Tg dNnsf] kfnfb]vL ePsf] lyof] .
 dNnsfndf xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/nfO{ u'Tkf}+ elgGYof] . g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] rf}/f;L k'hfnfO{ dNnsfndf a'9f]h+uf] elgGYof] .
 n'd8L eb|sfnLsf] gfr /Tg dNnn] k|rngdf NofPsf x'g\ . gjb'uf{ / dxfnIdLsf] gfr leq\ofpg] >]o ;'j0f{ dNnnfO{ hfG5 .
 dNnsfndf bf}8fxf 6f]nLsf] clws[tnfO{ 5l/bf/ elgGYof] eg] gS;fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ c8\8fnfO{ 6S;f/L elgGYof] .

g]kfn PsLs/0f klxn]sf k|d'v /fHox?M

!= s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] v; /fHo
 v; /fHosf] :yfkgf gfu/fhn] lj=;+= !@)^÷!@)& lt/ u/]sf x'g\ . k|yd v; /fhf M cflbkfn
 s0ff{nL c~rnsf] h'Dnf lhNnfdf kg]{ l;+hf pkTosf o;sf] /fhwfgLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] lyof] eg] zLtsflng /fhwfgL b'Nn' -
b}n]v_ sfod lyof] .
 l;+hf pkTosf g]kfnsf] /fi6«efiff g]kfnLsf] pTklQ :ynsf] ?kdf ;d]t kl/lrt 5 . h'Dnfsf k|yd /fhf M anL, clGtd
/fhf M ;f]eg zfxL
 afx|f}+ ztfAbLb]vL rf}wf}+ ztfAbL;Dd @@# jif{ hlt sfod /x]sf] v; dNn /fHosf] ljv08g eP/ afO;] /fHox? ag]sf lyP .
@= afO;] /fHo
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 5 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 v; dNn /fHosf] ljv08g eO{ klZrddf afO;] /fHo ag]sf lyP
 h'Dnf, hfh/sf]6, ;Nofg c5fd, ?s'd ljnf;k'/, b'Nn', 8f]6L, b}n]v, /f;sf]6, ;fGgL, btf{, jLdsf]6, af]u6fg, uh'n -/f]Nkf_,
v'd|L, afh'/f, dfng]6f, aemfª, bfª, hxf/L, yfnf/f

#= rf}lj;] /fHo -u08sL k|b]z_

 !* y/L du/ / ^ y/L u'?ª u/L hDdf @$ hfltsf] /fHo, du/ft /fHo, u08s k|b]z
 g'jfsf]6, uf]/vf, ux|f}sf]6, 9f]/, eL/sf]6, :ofª\hf, sf:sL, ;tf}+s]f6, ndh'ª, tgx'F', l/l;ª, k}o'F, kfNkf, u'NdL, c3f{, vfrL,
w'/sf]6, O:df, kj{t, unsf]6, d';Lsf]6, Ko"7fg, pbok'/, d':tfª
$= k"j{sf ;]g /fHox?
 dsjfgk'/ -kfNkfaf6 6'lqmP/ ag]sf]_, ljhok'/ -dsjfgk'/af6 6'lqmP/ ag]sf]_, rf}b08L -ljhok'/ 6'lqmP/ ag]sf]_
%= lt/x't÷8f]o /fHo
 af/f lhNnfsf] ;Ld|f}gu9df s0ff{6 j+zLx?åf/f :yflkt /fHo lt/x't /fHo xf] .
 of] /fHosf] :yfkgf gfGoba]n] lj=;+= !!%$ df :yfkgf u/]sf lyP .
 lj=;+= !#*! df lbNnLsf zf;s ufo;'l2g t'unsn] cfqmd0f u/]kl5 xl/l;+x b]j ToxfF l6Sg g;sL sf7df08f}+lt/ nfu] .
o;k|sf/ dWosfndf g]kfn ;'b'/klZrd If]qdf @@ /fHox?, dWoIf]qdf @$ /fHox?, sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf # / k"j{df dsjfgk'/
rf}b08L / ljhok'/ u/L %@ eGbf a9L ;–;fgf 6'qmfdf ljeflht ePsf] lyof] .

-u_ g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs Oltxf; -g]kfnsf] Plss/0f b]lv xfn;Dd_

zfx j+zsf] pbo
 rGb| j+zfjnL cg';f/ ef/tsf] lrtf}/fu9af6 /fhf Clif/fh /f0ffhLsf ;GttL dWo]sf e"kfn pHh}g l/l8 le/sf]6df cfP /
cfkm\gf] k|e'Tj sfod /fVg ;kmn eP . ToxfF /fhs'df/ e'kfnsf vfHhfvfg / ldrf/vfg gfds @ 5f]/f eP . o;k|sf/
g'jfsf]6df ldrf/vfgsf pQ/flwsf/Lx? hog vfg, ldrf vfg, ljlrq vfg, hub]j vfg / s'nd08g vfg /fhf eP .
 s'nd08gn] lbNnLsf d'un ;d|f6nfO{ ax'd'No pkxf/ k7fO{ ;Gt'i6 kf/]sfn] ‘zfx’ pkflw wf/0f ug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sfn]
s'dnd08g ‘zfx’ pkflw wf/0f ug]{ k|yd JolQm eP .
ndh'ªdf zfx j+zsf] pbo
 ndh'ªsf hgtfn] s'nd08g zfx;Fu Ps /fhs'df/ dfuL pgnfO{ ndh'ª nuL /fhf agfpg dfu u/] adf]lhd sfG5f 5f]/f
ozf]a|Dx zfxnfO{ ndh'ªdf nu]/ k|yd zfxj+zL /fhfsf] ?kdf !%%) cfiff9 !% ut] /fHofleif]s u/fP .
 ozf]a|Dx zfxsf @ 5f]/f dWo] h]7f g/x/L zfx afa'sf] z]ifkl5 ndh'ªsf /fhf eP eg] sfG5f 5f]/f b|Jo zfx cfkm\gf] j'l4 /
k/fqmdaf6 lj=;+= !^!^ efb| @% ut] uf]/vfdf :jtGq /fHo :yfkgf u/L uf]/vfsf k|yd zfxj+zL /fhf eP .

uf]/vfsf zfxj+zLo /fhfx?

!= b|Jo zfx @= k'/Gb/ zfx #= 5q zfx $ /fd zfx %= 8Da/ zfx
^= s[i0f zfx &= ?b| zfx *= k[YjLklt zfx (= g/e"kfn zfx !)= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx
/fd zfx M lo /fhfsf] gfd Oltxf;df ;dfh ;'wf/ssf] ?kdf :j0f{ cIf/n] n]lvPsf] 5 . logn] cfkm\gf] /fHodf 9s, t/fh', dfgf,
d'/L, bfd, k};fsf] k|rng / Aofhsf] b/ lhG;Ldf @%Ü/ gubLdf !)ÜeGbf a9L lng gkfOg] rng rnfP . /fd zfxsf]
Gofolwlk|otfn] ubf{ æGofo gkfP uf]/vf hfg' Æ eGg] plQm rn]sf] lyof] . kf6gaf6 @$ sf]7L dxfhg lemsfO{ uf]/vfdf
Jofkf/ lj:tf/ u/fPsf lyP .
k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx -PsLs/0fsf lktf_
 hGd M !&&( kf}if @& ut], lktf÷dftf M g/e"kfn zfx ÷ sf}zNofjtL
 ljjfx M k|yd, !&($ df dsjfgk'/sf /fhf x]ds0f{ ;]gsL 5f]/L OGb|s'df/L;Fu ePsf] lyof] .
 bf];|f] M !&(& df agf/;sf j}Zo /fhk't cledfg l;+xsL 5f]/L g/]Gb|nIdL;Fu ePsf] lyof] .
 lj=;+= !&(* df k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxn] pkTosf e|d0f u/L eQmk'/sf /fhf /0flht dNnsf 5f]/f jL/g/l;+x dNn;Fu ldt
nufPsf lyP .
 lj=;+= !&(( df g/e"kfn zfxsf] lgwg kZrft\ @) jif{sf] pd]/df logL uf]/vfsf /fhf eP .
 pgn] ef/åfh uf]q Tofu ul/ sZok uf]q ckgfPsf lyP .
Plss/0f cleofg
 lj=;+= !&($M uf]/vfn] k|yd k6s g'jfsf]6dfly cfqmd0f u/]sf], g/e"kfnzfx åf/f
 lj=;+= !*)) M k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxåf/f g'jfsf]6dfly klxnf] cfqmd0f, uf]/vf k/flht, sdf08f/ – lj/fh yfkf, uf]/]Zj/ kGt
 lj=;+= !*)! c;f]h !% M g'jfsf]6dfly ljho k|fKt -g]t[Tj – sfn' kf08]_
 lj=;+= !*!$ h]i7 !( M lslt{l{k'/ dfly klxnf] cfqmd0f, sfhL sfn' kf08]sf] lgwg
 lj=;+= !*!( efb| (M dsjfgk'/dfly ljho k|fKt, lbUjGwg ;]g efu]/ xl/x/k'/ u9L k'u]M
 lj=;+= !*!( cflZjg @@ M xl/x/k'/ u9L dfly lgoGq0f, lbUjGwg ;]gåf/f cfTd;dk{0f
 lj=;+= !*!( d+l;/ !)M dsjfgk'/nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ j+unfsf gjfj ld/f sf;Ldsf] kmf}h h'g u'uL{g vfFsf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf]
lyof] . ;f] kmf}h uf]/vfnLåf/f k/flht
 lj=;+= !*@! efb|M lslt{k'/dfly bf];|f] cfqmd0f, k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf efO{ z'/ k|tfk zfxn] cfkm\gf] b]a|] cfFvf u'dfP, uf]/vfln
kmf}h bf];|f] k6s klg k/flht
 lj=;+= !*@@ r}q #M t];|f] k6sdf ljgf s'g} o'4 lslt{k'/ uf]vf{{nLsf] clwgdf cfof] .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 6 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 lj=;+= !*@# MSofK6]g lsgns kf}jfu9Ldf uf]/vnL kmf}h;Fu k/flht, of] kmf}h hok|sfz dNnnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ cfPsf] lyof] .
 lj=;+= !*@% cflZjg !# M uf]/vfnL kmf}håf/f sflGtk'/jf;L OGb|hfqf dgfO/x]sf] a]nfdf cfqmd0f u/L ljho k|fKt
 lj=;+= !*@% cflZjg @$M kf6gdfly ljho, lj=;+= !*@^ d+l;/ !M !% 306fsf] o'4kZrft eQmk'/ dfly ljho
 lj=;+= !*@^ r}q !)M sf7df8f}+ g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL 3f]lift
 lj=;+= !*#) >fj0f $M rf}b08L, ls/fFt If]qdfly ljho k|fKt, lj=;+= !*#) >fj0f %M ljhok'/ dfly ljho k|fKt
 lj;+= !*#! df3 !M g'jfsf]6sf] b]lj3f6df lgwg
 k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxsf] lgwgkl5 k|tfkl;+x zfx /fhf eP . k|tfk l;+x zfxsf kfnfdf sljnf;k'/, tgx'F / ;'d]Zj/u9L
g]kfndf uflePsf lyP .
 k|tfkl;+x zfxsf] lgwg kZrft pgsf c9fO{ jif{sf 5f]/f /0faxfb'/ zfx uf2Ldf a;] . k|tfkl;+xsL /fgL /fh]Gb|nIdLn]
zf;gsf] cleef/f cfkm}+n] u|x0f ul/g\ . pgn] j]ltofdf lgjf{l;t eO /x]sf b]j/ axfb'/ zfxnfO{ 8flsg .
 o; k|sf/ b]j/ efph'sf] ;+o'Qm zf;g s]xL dlxgf;Dd sfod /x\of] . t/ s]xL dlxgfkl5 g} /fh]Gb| nIdLn] axfb'/ zfxnfO{
gh/aGb ul/g\ .
 gj lgld{t g]kfn lj?4 zlQmzfnL eO{ rf}la;] /fHox?n] k'gM cfk\gf] sAhfdf kfg{ vf]h]kl5 /fh]Gb| nIdLn] ljleGg /fHox?
lj?4 k|ltsf/ u/L PsLs/0f k|s[ofdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ul/g\ .
 /fh]Gb|nIdLsf] d[To' x'Fbf /0faxfb'/ zfx s]an !) jif{sf dfq} ePsf]n] afns /fhfsf] gfoa eO{ axfb'/ zfxn] /fHosf]
afu8f]/ cfkm\gf] xftdf lnP . zf;g cfkm\gf] xftdf lnO;s]kl5 axfb'/ zfxn] cfkm\gf] afa' k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx / efph'
/fh]Gb| nIdLn] cw'/f] 5f]8]/ uPsf] g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] qmd hf/L /fv] .
 /fhf lujf{0fo'4 zfxsf kfnf;Dd lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] g]kfnsf] l;df pgs} kfnfdf ePsf] ;'uf}nL ;GwL kZrft v'lDrg uof] .
 kl5 +h+u axfb/ /f0ffn] lj=;= !(!& df afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL, s~rgk'/ lkmtf{ lnPkl5 g]kfnsf] l;dfn] lglZrt cfsf/ u|x0f
u¥of] .

k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxsf k|zf;lgs kb

 dGqL M /fhfnfO{ ;Nnfx lbg] JolQm
 rf}tfl/ofM /fhlso ef/bf/ ÷ h+uL ;]jfsf If]qL Pjd\ s]Gb|Lo k|d'v
 sflh M ljleGg If]qsf If]qLo Pjd\ ljefuLo k|d'v
 jlsn M ljb]zdf /fhfsf] k|ltlgwsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{÷/fhb"t
 sk/bf/ M /fhfsf] e08f/] ;/bf/ M :yflgo sfof{nosf] k|d'v
 vhfGrL M ;/sf/L vhgfsf] k|d'v k'/f]lxt SoflK6g M :yflgo lgsfosf] tfn'sbf/
 dL/d'G;L M ljb]zL d'n's;Fu kqfrf/ ug]{ / ;DaGw /fVg] JolQm
 ;'Aaf M lhNnf k|d'v b\jf/] M kfn], kx/]bf/ rf]tbf/ M rf}sLbf/, b/jfg, s'NnL
 g]kfndf k|zf;lgs Joj:yfsf] Jojl:yt ;'?jft – g]kfnsf] Plss/0f -!*@%_ kZrft ePsf]
 /f0ffsfn k"j{sf -zfx sfnsf_ ^ 3/ y/ – kfF8], kGt, vgfn, /f0ff, af]x/f, cof{n
 d/j6 lglt M o'4df vl6Psf JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf pgLx?sf kl/jf/nfO{ / gfafns ;GtfgnfO{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 eQf,
;'ljwf lbg] Joj:yf
 khgL M sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]gog, ;?jf, a9'jf, avf{:tL cflb ug]{ sfo,{ ;fdfGotof ! jif{df ul/GYof]
 vfguL k|yf M o'4df ;xefuL of]4fnfO{ hUuf, hldgsf ;fy} cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] ;xof]u ug]{ gLlt
 d/j6 lglt, vfguL k|yf, khgL, ;Dos dxfbfg k"hfsf] z'?jft k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] u/]sf lyP .
k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx sflng k|zf;lgs c8\8f
 d'G;Lvfgf – k//fi6« ;DalGw sfd ug]{ c8\8f, ;b/ bkm\t/vfgf – e'ld tyf e"/fhZj ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ lgsfo
 s'df/L rf]sM cfDbfgL / vr{sf] lx;falstfa /fVg] lgsfo, e08f/vfn txljn M ;/sf/L a}+ssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ c8\8f
 sf}ifLtf]ifvfgfM /fi6«sf] cfDbfgL / vr{sf] Joj:yf ug]{ s]lGb|o lgsfo
 lx6Lrf]s c8\8fM b/af/sf] km'6s/ / cfsl:ds vr{sf] Joj:yf ug]{ c8\8f
 5]e8]n c8\8f M ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f Pjd\ dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ lgsfo
k|tfk l;+x zfx
 logsf] kfnfdf sljnf;k/, tgx'F / ;'d]Zj/u9L ljho u/L g]kfndf ufe]sf lyP eg] df]/ªdfly ljho k|fKt ug{ !& k6s
cfqmd0f ubf{ klg ;kmn x'g ;s]gg\ .
 OGb|hfqfdf ln+uf] uf8\g] rng logn] rnfP .
 lj=;+= !*#@ df g]kfn ltAat Jofkf/ ;GwL u/L g]kfn ltAat Jofk/df j[l4 ul/ ’k'/Zjof{0f{s’ gfd tGq u|Gy klg n]v]sf
lyP .

/0f axfb'/ zfx -:jfdL dxf/fh_

 logsf] kfnfdf s]xL ;do /fhdftf /fh]Gb| nIdLn] / s]xL ;do axfb'/ zfxn] gfojL rnfP .
 sfG5L /fgL] sfGtLdtL k|lt a9L k|]dn] ubf{ log}sf] OR5fadf]lhd lj=;+= !*%% df lujf{0fo'4 ljqmd zfxnfO{ /fhf 3f]lift u/L
jgf/;lt/ nfu] .
 t/ kl5 lj=;+= !*^) df :jb]z kmsL{ bdf]b/ kfF8]nfO{ df/L cfkm\g} 5f]/fsf] d'lVotf/ agL zf;g ug{ yfn] .
 logsf] kfnfdf g]kfndf qoL zf;g lyof]
 cfGtl/s snxn] r/d ?k lnPkl5 lj=;+= !*^# j}zfv !$ df cfkm\g} ;f}t]gL efO{ z]/axfb'/ zfxn] logsf] xTof u/] .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 7 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 lognfO{ lrgn] Erdeni Wang, cy{ af}l4s /fhfsf] pkflw k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . ;'gsf] c;kmL{ k|of]udf Nofpg] /fhf
 logn] ;d/h+u sDkgLsf] :yfkgf u/] h;sf] sfd b/af/sf] ;'/Iff ug]{ lyof] .
 pgL dbf{ !^ j6L /fgL ;tL uPsf lyP . logsf] kfnfdf ^@ x/0f / ^$ x/0f kj{sf 36gf 36]sf lyP .
uLjf{0fo'4 lj/ ljqmd zfx
 lj=;+= !*%% df ;fF9] Ps jif{sf] pd]/df g} /fhf ePsf lyP .
 logsf] ;dodf g]kfnsf] l;df lj:tf/, g]kfn / c+u|]h ljr ;'uf}nL ;GwL ePsf] lyof] .
 logn] xg'dfg 9f]sfdf ;'gsf] 9f]sf agfP . lj=;+= !*&# df logsf] zLtnf /f]usf sf/0f cNkfo'df g} lgwg eof] .
/fh]Gb| ljqmd zfx cefuL /fhf
 cfkm\gf] kgflt /fhf ePsf] a]nf;Dd lhljt lyP .
 logsf] kfnfdf eLd;]g yfkfsf] cfTdxTof x'g'sf ;fy} sf]tkj{, e08f/vfn kj{ / cnf} kj{ h:tf 36gfx? 36L /f0ff zf;gsf]
pbo x'g k'Uof] .
;'/]Gb| ljqmd zfx
 logn] h+u axfb'/ /f0ffnfO{lj=;+= !(!# df >L # sf] pkflw k|bfg u/] . tTkZrft\ h+uaxfb'/ nDh'ª / sf:sLsf] >L # ag] .
q}nf]So ljqmd zfx -a'n]6 dxf/fh_
 lj=;+= !(#$ df #) jif{sf] cNkfo'df logsf] ljif ;]jg u/fO{ xTof ul/of] . To;sf/0f pgL /fhf x'g kfPgg\ .
k[YjL jL/ ljqmd zfx
 jL/ ljqmd wf/0f ug]{ klxnf] /fhf . logsf] kfnfdf #* ;fnsf] kj{ / $@ ;fnsf] kj{ h:tf /fhgLlts 36gfx? ePsf lyP .
lqe'jg jL/ ljqmd zfx M
 /fi6«lktf, k|hftGqsf lktf, hGdM lj=;+= !(^# c;f/ !&
 logsf] kfndf ^ hgf k|wfgdGqL eP -rGb| zdz]/, eLd zdz]/, h'4 zdz]/, kb\d zdz]/, df]xg zdz]/, dft[sf k|;fb
sf]O/fnf_
 logn] g]kfndf @))& kmfNu'0f & ut] k|hftGq :yfkgfsf] 3f]if0ff u/].
 logsf] kfnfdf ds}sf] v]tL gfds kj{ 36]sf] lyof] .
 d[To'M lj=;+= @)!! kmfNu'0f #), :jL6\h/Nof08, h'/Lr s]06g c:ktfn
dx]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfx
 logsf] hGd lj=;+= !(&& h]i7 #) ut] ePsf] lyof], oxL lbgb]vL tTsflng k|wfgdGqL >L # rGb| zdz]/n] >L % nfO{ #! /
o'j/fhlw/fhnfO #! tf]ksf] ;nfdL lbg] rng rnfP .
 g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)!% / g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!( hf/L ug]{ . @ j6f ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ Ps dfq /fhf .
 /fhf dx]Gb|n] @)!& j}zfv ! ut] ;+;b lj36g u/L lj=;+= @)!& kf}if @@ ut] k~rfotL Joj:yf nfu" u/] .
 lj=;+= @)@) efb| ! ut] gofF d'n'sL P]g, lj=;+= @)@! ;fndf e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd, lj=;+= @)@$ df ufpFkms{ cleofg, lj=;+=
@)@* ;fndf gofF lzIff of]hgf h:tf sfo{qmdx? 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP .
 pgsf k|d'v sfJos[ltx?M p;}sf nfuL, km]l/ p;}sf nflu . logsf] kfnfdf klxnf] ;+;bLo cfdlgjf{rg eof] lj=;+= @)!%
;fndf .
jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfx
 logsf] @)#! kmfNu'0f !@ ut] /fHofleif]s ;df/f]x ;DkGg eof] .
 ;f]xL ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt ljb]zL kfx'gfx? ;dIf kmfNu'0f !# ut] æg]kfnnfO{ zfGtLIf]q 3f]if0ff ul/of]; \Æ egL k|:tfj u/] /
pQm k|:tfjnfO{ !)) eGbf a9L d'n'sn] ;dy{g hgfPsf lyP .
 xfn g]kfnsf] zfGtLIf]q k|:tfjnfO{ !!^ j6f b]zn] ;dy{g u/]sf 5g\ . ;dy{g ug]{ clGtd b]z cfo/Nof08 xf], ;g\ !((# df
pQm k|:tfjdf ;dy{g hgfPsf] xf] .
 logsf] kfnfdf b]znfO{ % ljsf; If]qdf ljefhg, lj=;+= @)#^ h]i7 !) df hgdt ;+u|x 3f]if0ff, lj=;+= @)#& j}zfv @) df
hgdt ;+u|x ;DkGg, lj=;+= @)$^ r}q @^ ut] bndflysf] k|ltaGw km's'jf / @)$& sflt{s @# ut] hgtfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf
lglxt ePsf] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP .
 logsf] d[To' @)%* h]i7 !( ut] eof] .
bLk]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfx
 lognfO g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] ;do /fhf x'g] / /fHo ;+rfngdf ;l/s x'g gkfpFb} d[To' x'g] /fhfsf] ?kdf
lnOG5 .
 /fhf 3f]lift M @)%* h]i7 @), lgwgM @)%* h]i7 @@
1fg]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfx M clGtd zfx j+zLo /fhf
 g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df @ k6s /fhf x'g] k|yd JolQm M k|yd k6s M @))& sflt{s @@ -!)$ lbg_, bf];|f] k6s M @)%* h]i7 @@
– @)^% h]i7 !% ;Dd

/f0ff k|wfgdGqLx?
!= h+u axfb'/ /f0ffM -lj/ g/l;+x s'Fj/_
 hGdM lj=;+= !*&$, uf]/vf, af]nf{ª, lktf÷dftf M afng/l;+x s'Fj/ ÷ u0f]zs'df/L
 lj=;+= !()# sflt{s !@ df e08f/vfn kj{ kZrft\ klxnf] /f0ff k|wfgdGqL ag]
 /f0ff pkflw wf/0f ug]{ klxnf] JolQm, lj=;+=!()% df, ;a}eGbf ;fgf] pd]/df k|wfgdGqL x'g] JolQm

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 8 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 lj=;+= !()% df sdf08/L lstfavfgf sf] :yfkgf u/]
 lj=;+= !()^÷!()& df pgn] a]nfotsf] e|d0f u/] / a]nfotL dxf/fgLaf6 (Knight Hood of the grand cross)pkflw k|fKt u/] .
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] sfg'g d'n'sL P]g !(!) hf/L u/] . - !(!) kf}if & ut] hf/L u/] _ . pgn] lj=;+= !()* df g]kfndf k|];sf]
;'?jft u/fP .
 lj=;+= !()( df sf}znc8\8fsf] :yfkgf u/], lj=;+= !(!) c;f]h @& df b/af/ xfO{:s'nsf] :yfkgf u/] . g]kfnsf c+u|]hL
lzIffsf] k|f/De u/]
 logn] g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ tfufwf/L, dtjfnL / kfgL grNg]df ljefhg u/]sf lyP .
 pgn] PUg]6 k|yf -zf;g ;Qf cfkm\gf efOx?df hfg] Joj:yf_ k|rngdf NofP .
 logsf] kfnfdf yfkfynL ;GwL ;g\ !*%^ dfr{ @$ -lj=;+= !(!@ r}q #_ df ;DkGg eof] .
 ;g\ !*^) gf]e]Da/ ! df logsf] kfnfdf gofF d'n'ssf] ?kdf g]kfnn] afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL, s~rgk'/ lkmtf{ kfof] .
 pgsf] lgwg lj=;+= !(## df3 #! ut] /f}tx6sf] kTy/36\6fdf ePsf] lyof] .
/0ff]2Lk l;+x
 pgsf kfnfdf ;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ C0f lbg t]h/y c8\8fsf] :yfkgf / kfqf] k|sfzg cflb sfo{ ePsf] lyof] .
 pgs} kfnfdf #* ;fnsf] kj{ / $@ ;fnsf] kj{ cflb eP . a}+lsª k|0ffnLsf] ;'?jft u/fpg] JolQm
 h+u axfb'/ /f0ffn] :yfkgf u/]sf] wd{srx/L c8\8f vf/]h u/] . of] c8\8fn] k|wfgdGqL eGbf tnsf sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf e|i6frf/,
l9nf;':tL Pjd\ clwsf/ b'?kof]u pk/ ;'g'jfO{ tyf 5fgljg ug]{ c8\8f _
jL/ zdz]/
 dlxnf lzIffsf] ;'?jft u/fpg] JolQm . pgsf] kfnfdf lj/ xl:k6n -!($& >fj0f, !@_, gf/fo0flx6L b/af/, 3G6f3/sf]
lgdf{0f eof] .
 pgn] ljb]zL a}+sdf /sd hDdf ug]{ rng leq\ofP . ha/f n]Vg] klxnf] JolQm x'g\ . g]kfnsf] klxnf] df]6/ r9\g] JolQm x'g\ .
 uf]/vf blIf0f afx'sf] ;'?jft ug]{ JolQm x'g\ . logsf] kfnfdf g]kfnnfO{ ( If]qdf ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof]
 ljtf{ afF8\g] k|yf, bf}8fxf k|yfsf] ;'qkft u/] . nfn b/af/, ;]tf] b/af/ / kmf]xf]/f b/af/ lgdf{0f ug{ nufP
b]j zdz]/M -wgs'6] /fhf_
 ;a}eGbf sd ;do;Dd k|wfgdGqL x'g] JolQm -!!$ lbg_ . logsf] kfnfdf uf]/vfkqsf] k|sfzg ;'?jft eof] -!(%* j}zfv
@$ af6_
 sfof{nosf] ;do !)–% ah];Dd agfP . sd{rf/LnfO{ ljbfsf] Joj:yf u/] . ;dosf] 1fgsf] nfuL dWofGx !@ ah] tf]k
k8\sfpg] rng rnfP
 pgsf] kfnfdf g]kfndf ;a}eGbf a9L %& :s'nsf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .
rGb| zdz]/ -lkm:6] dxf/fh_
 pgn] lj=;+= !(^@ df l;+xb/jf/, lj=;+= !(^$ df v8\u lgzfgf c8\8fsf] :yfkgf u/] .
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] gx/, rGb| gx/sf] :yfkgf lj=;+= !(^% df u/] . pgsf] kfnfaf6 >L % nfo His Majesty eGg yflnof] .
 pgn] ljlGtkq lgS;f/L c8\8f, ;/fkm vfgf :yfkgf ug'{sf ;fy} aa/dxn, ldln6/L c:ktfn xg'd fg9f]sfsf] u2L a}7s klg
agfP .
 g]kfnsf] gS;f lgdf{0f tyf hgu0fgfsf] yfngL lj=;+= !(^* b]vL logsf] kfnfb]vL ;'?jft ePsf] lyof] .
 pgn] lj=;+= !(^* df kmlk{ª hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0f u/L ljh'nL aQL afn]sf lyP . lj=;+= !(^* df cdfnL k|yf
vf/]hLsf] 3f]if0ff u/] .
 pgs} kfnfdf lj=;+= !(^( df uf]/vf efiff k|sflzgL ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfndf lj=;+= !(&) df 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf
;'?jft u/fPsf lyP .
 /f0ffx?nfO{ A,B,C Class df ljefhg u/] . k|yd ljZj o'4tfsf oLlg g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL lyP .
 lj=;+= !(&% df lq–rGb| sn]hsf] :yfkgf u/fP ;fy;fy} b/af/ xfO:s'n ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu v'Nnf u/fP
 lj=;+= !(&& df ;tL k|yf cGTosf] 3f]if0ff u/] .lj=;+= !(*! df bf; k|yf cGTosf] 3f]if0ff u/] h;nfO{ s/Lof df]rg elgG5 .
led zdz]/
 pgn] pv8f hfFr sldzgsf] u7g u/] . lj=;+= !(*& df t'n;L d]x/sf] :jb]zL sk8fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ NofPsf] rvf{
k|rf/df k|ltaGw nufP .
 logn] g'g / skf;df eG;f/ dfkmL u/], skf; v]ltdf hf]8 lbP .
 sfof{no ;do laxfg !) ah] b]vL a]n'sL $ ah];Dd tf]s] . z'qmaf/sf] lbg cflb ljbf / zlgaf/ k"/f ljbfsf] Joj:yf
u/] .
 sf7df8f}+df rf/}lt/ 5l/P/ /x]sf c8\8fnfO{ l8NnLahf/df lj=;+= !(*^÷(÷@& ut] Plss[t u/] . ;a} c8\8fx?
l8NnLahf/df Plss[t ePkl5 ;f] 7fpmFnfO{ rf/vfn c8\8f elgGYof] . rf/vfn c8\8fdf lhNnf k|zf;g, x'nfs, dfnkf]t,
cbfnt kb{y] .
h'4 zdz]/M -/fhlif{ dxf/fh_
 'C' Classsf /f0ffx?nfO{ pkTosf aflx/ k7fpg] k|wfgdGqL
 logn] g]kfnsf] klxnf] a}+s g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8sf] :yfkgf u/fP -lj=;+= !(($ sflt{s #) df_
 logsf] kfnfdf k|wfg Gofonosf] :yfkgf, vfgL tyf vlghsf] pTvgg, hGd d/0f btf{ c8\8fsf] :yfkgf u/fP . lghfdtL
sd{rf/L / ;]gfnfO{ k]G;g / ;+rosf]ifsf] Joj:yf ldnfP . pgn] !# lbg;Dd s[of a:g] rng rnfP . lj=;+= @))@
c;f]h ! ut] ?= %,!),!)) sf sfuhL gf]6sf] z'?jft u/fP .
 pgn] g]kfnsf] Psdfq ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf -lj=;+= !(*(_ / h'4 j?0f oGqsf] :yfkgf u/fP .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 9 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 logsf] kfnfdf bf];|f] ljZjo'4 ePsf] lyof] eg] !(() df3 @ ut]sf] dxfe'sDksf] a]nfdf log} k|wfgdGqL lyP .
 lq–rGb| sn]hdf lj1fg ljifo cWoog u/fpg] Joj:yf u/] . a]nfotdf g]kfnsf] b'tfjf; h'4 zdz]/n] vf]n]sf x'g \ .
lj=;+= !(() df P;=Pn=;L af]8{sf] :yfkgf u/fP . logsf] kfnfdf lj=;+= !((# ;fndf lj/f6gu/ h'6ldn / h'4 Dofr
km\ofS6«Lsf] !((% ;fndf :yfkgf u/fP
 gfuh'{g b/af/sf] lgdf{0f / sf]6{ lkm lng] k|rngsf] z'?jft u/] .
kb\d zdz]/ -:s'nsf lktf_ M t];|f] k':tfsf /f0ff k|wfgdGqL . pgnfO{ ?Gr] k|wfgdGqL klg elgG5 . pgsf] Pp6f rlr{t egfO 5 æd
/fi6«sf] gf]s/ x'FÆ
df]xg zdz]/ M clGtd /f0ff k|wfgdGqL , g]kfn – ef/t !(%) sf] zfGtL tyf d}qL ;GwLsf x:tfIf/stf{
/f0ffsfnLg k|zf;sLo kbx?
 d'lVtof/ – k|wfgdGqL a8fsfhL– d'VodGqL
 sfhLx? – dGqL :t/Lo kbx? ;'Aaf – lhNnf k|zf;gtkm{sf] d'Vo kb
 vl/bf/ – /fhsLo ;DaGwL n]vk9 ug]{ sKtfg – k|zf;g / ;}lgs b'j}df /x]sf] kb
 ;/bf/ – ;fdfGo k|zf;g tyf ;}lgs k|zf;gtkm{sf] kb
 wdf{lwsf/– o:tf] kbwf/0f ug]{ JolQmn] d'Vo GofofwLzsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{ lhDdf lbOPsf] lyof] . ;fy} wfld{s ljifodf klg
;Nnfxsf/sf] ?kdf /flvGYof] . o:tf kbx?df a|fx\d0fx?nfO{ lgo'lQm u/L pgLx?af6 g} /fhfnfO{ tflGqs dGq klg lbg]
k/Dk/f lyof] .
 pd/fcf] – ;}lgs sfo{l;t ;DalGwt, ;]gfsf] nflu cfjZos hjfgsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
 nflhdf – /fhb/af/df aGb's /fv]sf] 7fpF x]/rfx ug]{ ;fy} cGo sfo{sf] lhDdf lng],
 cwO{ – /fhb/af/df vfB j:t'sf] Joj:yf ug]{, s[ifs;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg] cflb .
 k|wfg – sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] dfnkf]t p7fpg], sf}zL c8\8fsf] ;fFrf] lhDdf lng],

/f0ffsfnLg ;/sf/L c8\8fx?

d'n'sL aGbf]a:t c8\8f sfhL xflsd /xg], c8\8f o;sf] zfvfx? lgDg lyP
s_P]g ;jfn kmfF6 hÍaxfb'/ /f0ffn] :yfkgf u/]sf] æsf}znÆ nfO{ ;dfKt u/L rGb| ;dz]/n] :yfkgf u/]sf] c8\8f
h;n] P]g ;+u|x ug]{, sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{, vf/]h ug]{ :yfkgf ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? ub{Yof] .
v_d'n'sL c8\8f k'hL{ kmfF6M k|wfgdGqL tyf k|wfg;]gfkltsf] lnlvt cfb]z -k'hL{_ ;DalGwt sfof{nox?df k'¥ofpg] .
u_d'n'sL c8\8f l/kf]6{ lgS;f/L o;nfO{ kxf8, t/fO{ / g]kfn -pkTosf_ u/L tLg efudf afFl8Psf] lyof], o; c8\8fn] b]zel/
kmfF6M dfnkf]t ;+sng, eG;f/ p7fpg] sfo{ ub{Yof] .
3_ df:s]jf/L kmfF6M ljleGg 7fpFaf6 k|wfgdGqLnfO{ cfPsf] ljj/0f x]g]{ .
ª_ sf7dxn lgS;f/L kmfF6M ns8L Pj jg k}bfjf/sf] sfd ug]{
r_ /sd aGbf]a:t kmfF6M ;/sf/L cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t vf]Hg]
v8\u lgzfg c8\8f v8\u lgzfg hf/L ug]{, k|wfgdGqLsf] cfb]z k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfo{ ub{Yof] . o:tf] lgzfg 5fk
lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf, ljtf{ lb+bf h'jf v]Ng] :jLs[lt lbbf, cf1f lgb]{zg, k|wfgdGqLsf]
sfof{no ;DaGwL sfuh x]bf{, P]g ;+zf]wg, vf/]h ubf{ d'lVtof/nfO{ clwsf/L lbPsf] sfuhdf
nufOGYof]
ljGtLkq lgS;f/L c8\8f ;jf]{Rr k'g/fj]bg c8\8fsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ c8\8f, rGb| ;dz]/n] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ o;n]
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] sfd ub{Yof] .
d'G;L vfgf k//fi6« dfldnf x]g]{ of] c8\8f led;]g yfkfn] :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . h;sf] æh};L sf]7fn]Æ rLg /
ltAat ;DaGwL sfd uYof]{ .
hª\uL c8\8f ;]gf / xft xltof/ ;DaGwL ;a} dfldnf x]g]{ of] c8\8f hÍaxfb'/n] :yflkt u/]sf lyP .
s'df/L rf]s b]zel/sf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug{, k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] kfnfdf :yflkt of] c8\8fsf] xflsd s0f]{n x'Gy]
. o;nfO{ rGb|;dz]/n] ^ efudf afF8L clwsf/ lbPsf lyP .

sf]}zLtf]iffvfgf o;n] ljleGg lzif{sx?df vr{ lgsf;f lbg] ub{Yof] .

xflh/L uf]Zjf/f aL/ ;dz]/åf/f :yflkt of] sfof{non] sd{rf/Lsf] xflh/L hfFRg] sfo{ ub{Yof] .
h+uL aGbf]a:tL c8\8f ;}lgs k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ c8\8f
d'n'sL aGbf]a:tL c8\8f b]zsf] k|zf;g ;+rfng Pjd\ lg/LIf0f ug]{ c8\8f
OnfOrL sf]7f k6gfdf /x]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Ph]G6
8fO/]S6/ hg/n /f]njfnf /f0ffsf] dftxtdf /xg] of] sfof{non] lzIff ;DaGwL sfo{ ub{Yof] .
>]i7 sfof{no o;n] ljleGg /]s8{ kQf nufpg], ljleGg clknx? ;'Gg] sfo{ ub{Yof] . o;nfO{ ltg efudf
ljeflht ul/Psf] lyof] .
s_ >]i7 sf}zn k|wfgdGqLn] rfx]sf] /]s8{ kQf nufpg] .
v_ >]i7 cbfnt dfnkf]t ;dodf ga'emfpg];Fu c;"n pk/ ug]{, b08 hl/jfgf ug]{ .
u_ >]i7 ckLn s'df/L rf]s, dfnkf]t, hUuf, s'nf], lt/f], cflbaf/] clkn ;'Gg] sfo{ ub{Yof]


sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 10 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
s8]n rf]s /f0ff sfndf ;/sf/L ;'g rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg]
ta]nf bnfg 3f]8f /fVg] 7fpF
;/fkmvfgf ;6xL ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ .
km/f; vfgf lzsf/ tyf /fhkl/jf/ / /f0ff kl/jf/sf] ljjfxdf ;fdu|Lx?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
tf]kvfgf h+uL aGbf]a:t c8\8f dftxtdf /xL xftxltof/sf] /]vb]v ug]{ .
l;+xb/af/ kmdf{o;L c8\8f cltly ;Tsf/sf] sfo{ ug]{ .
l;+xb/af/ lhG;L c8\8f l;+xb/af/ / k|wfgdGqLnfO{ rflxg] ;fdfg lemsfpg] .
kLkf uf]Zj/f ljleGg sfdsf] nflu s'NnL Joj:yf ug]{ .
uf]7 uf]Zj/f b/af/df b'w, £o", cfk"lt{ ug]{ .
rk/f;L c8\8f ;8s, 3/ agfpg] .
ahf/ c8\8f eG;f/ / ahf/ Joj:yf ug]{ .
t]hf/y c8\8f sd{rf/LnfO{ C0f lbg] .
nut c8\8f s'df/L rf]s dftxtdf /xL ;fdfgsf] ;"rL, d"No /fVg] .
uf]Zj/f txljn s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefusf] sfd ug]{ .
df]7 txljn ljtf{jfn;Fu dfnkf]t c;'Ng] .

g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df 36]sf k|d'v sf08 tyf kj{x?

!= #* ;fnsf] kj{M
 lj=;+= !(#* df tTsflng k|wfgdGqL /0ff]l2k l;+x / lw/ zdz]/sf] xTof ug{ h+u axfb'/ /f0ffsf 5f]/f hut h+un] u/]sf]
if8\oGqnfO{ #* ;fnsf] kj{ elgG5
 kf]n vf]Ng] JolQm – pQ/Wjh e08f/L . o; kj{sf] d'Vo of]hgfsf/ – g/]Gb| ljqmd zfx
@= $@ ;fnsf] kj{
 lw/ zdz]/sf 5f]/f 8Da/ zdz]/åf/f k|wfgdGqL /0ff]l2k l;+x / hut h+usf] xTof ePsf] 36gfnfO{ $@ ;fnsf] kj{ elgG5 .
#= sf]tkj{M !()# c;f]h #, sf/0fM /fgL /fHonIdLsf ljZjfl;nf kfq uugl;+xsf] xTof lj+;+= !()# efb| #! df
 z+sf ul/Psf JolQmM lj/ lszf]/ kf08], o; kj{df dfl/Psf k|yd JolQm M cledfg l;+x a:g]t
 o; ;dodf g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL kmQ]h+u zfx lyP . o; kj{df $) eGbf a9L JolQmsf] xTof eof]
 o;kl5 h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff sdf08/ Og lrkm eP / /f0ff zf;gsf] ljhf/f]k0f eof]
$= e08f/vfn kj{ -a:g]t kj{_M !()# sflt{s !@
 sf/0fM /fgL /fHonIdLåf/f cfkm\gf 5f]/f /0f]Gb|nfO{ /fhf agfpg ;'/]Gb| / pgsf efO{ pk]Gb|nfO{ dfg]{ if8\oGq . of] if8\oGqdf
h+u axfb'/n] ;fd]n x'g gdfg]kl5, pgnfO{ vfgfdf ljif ld;fP/ dfg]{ of]hgf agfOof] . ;f] s'/f ljho/fh kl08tn]
h+uaxfb'/nfO{ eg]kl5 h+uaxfb'/n] e08f/vfndf hxfF ef]h cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] ToxfF uP/ pQm of]hgfdf
;lDdlntx?sf] xTof u/] / g]kfnsf] klxnf] /f0ff k|wfgdGqL ag]
 of] kj{df dfl/g] klxnf] JolQmM lj/Wjh a:g]t
%= cnf} kj{M !()$ >fj0f, sf/0fM /fhf /fh]Gb|n] h+u axfb'/af6 zf;g ;Qf lkmtf{ lng] k|of; :j?k 36]sf] 36gf
^= nfOa|]/L kj{
 lj=;+= !(*&÷** lt/ nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, hf]ulj/ l;+x nufotsf o'jfx?n] nfOa|]/L vf]nL /f0ff zf;g lj?4 hgdt
tof/ kfg]{ k|0f u/] .
 o;sf] ;"rgf /fdrGb| clwsf/Låf/f led zdz]/nfO{ lbOof], pgLx?nfO{ ?= !÷! ;o hl/jfgf ul/ 5fl8of] / p7]sf] cfwf
/sd /fd rGb| clwsf/LnfO{ lbOof] oxL 36gfnfO{ nfOa|]/L kj{ elgG5 .
&= ds}sf] v]tL kj{
 ;'Aaf s[i0fnfn clwsf/Ln] lj=;+= !(&& df ds}sf] v]tL gfds k':ts n]v] o; k':tsdf æxfdL cfkm\gf] b]zL s's'/eGbf
ljb]zL s's/sf] a9L dfg ub{5f}+, t/ rf]/f 8fFsfx?af6 xfd|f] /Iff ug]{ a]nfdf u2Ldf ;'Tg] ljb]zL s's'/ sfd gnfuL :jb]zL
s's'/x? g} sfd nfU5g\ eg]sf lyP .Æ
 oxL egfOn] pgnfO{ h]n xflnof] / lj=;+= !(&& df h]nd} pgsf] lgwg eof] . oxL 36gfnfO{ ds}sf] v]tL kj{elgG5 .
 k|wfgdGqL rGb| zdz]/n] pgnfO{ h]n ;hfo ;'gfPsf lyP eg] oltv]/ /fhf lqe'jg lyP .
*= k|r08 uf]vf{ kj{
 /f0ff zf;gsf] cGTo ug]{ p2]Zon] lj=;+= !(** df pd]z ljqmd zfx, v8\udfg l;+x, d}gf axfb'/, /+ugfy zdf{ cflb ldln
k|r08 uf]vf{ gfds kf6L{ vf]n] .
 o;sf] e]b nId0f /fhfn] vf]lnlbPsf]n] pd]z ljqmd zfxnfO{ kfNkfdf g} lgjf{l;t ul/of] eg] v8\udfg, d}gf axfb'/,
/+ugfynfO{ cflhjg sf/fjf; lbOof] .
 v8\udfg l;+x / d}gf axfb'/sf] h]ndf g} d[To' eof] eg] /+ugfy zdf{ lj=;+= @))& ;fnsf] qmflGt kl5 h]naf6 5'6]sf lyP
. To; 36gfnfO{ k|r08 uf]vf{ kj{ elgG5 .
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] /fhgLlts ;+:yf k|r08 uf]vf{ xf] .

(= dxflj/ :s'n sf08

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 11 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 :s'naf6 hgr]tgf a9fpg] p2]Zon] lj=;+= !((# sf] kmfNu'0fdf bfh'efO{ kmQ]axfb'/ l;+x / lrlgofFnfn l;+xn] lvNxfl:yt
cfkm\g} 3/df dxflj/ OlG:6Ro'6 gfds :s'n vf]n] . /f0ffx?n] of] ;xg g;s]kl5 lj=;+= !((& df o;sf ;+:yfksnfO{
hGds}b ul/of] / of] :s'n aGb ul/of] .
k|hf kl/ifb M :yfkgf M !((# h]i7 @), ;+:yfks M 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{, bz/y rGb, lhj/fh zdf{, /fdx/L zdf{

g]kfnsf rf/ zlxb

gfd d[To' dfl/Psf] 7fpmF hGd:yfg
z'qmf/fh zf:qL !((& df3 !) k+rnL, 6]s' sf7df8f}+
wd{eQm dfy]df !((& df3 !@ l;kmn sf7df8f}+
u+ufnfn >]i7 !((& df3 !$ zf]ef eujtL /fd]5fk
bz/y rGb !((& df3 !$ zf]ef eujtL a}t8L
g]kfnsf] k|yd ;+;lbo cfdlgjf{rg
 ;DkGg ldltM @)!% kmfNu'0f & – @)!^ j}zfv @!, dtbftfsf] ;+VofM $@,$^,$^*
 dt v;fNg]sf] ;+VofM !&,(!,#*! -$@=!^ k|ltzt_, lgjf{rg If]qM !)(, /fhgLlts bnM (, pDd]b\jf/ M &*^ -:jtGq –
!$_, dlxnf pDd]b\jf/ -&_
 vr{ ug{ kfpg] /sdsf] l;df – ?= %))), dtbfgsf] nflu Go'gtd pd]/M @! jif{
glthf M v;]sf] dt k|ltzt M $@=!^ k|ltzt
– a9L dt kfpg] bn M -!_ g]kfnL sfFu|]; M &$ -@_ uf]/vf kl/ifb\ M !( -#_ ;+o'Qm k|hftGq kf6L{ M % -$_ :jtGq M $
– ^ j6f kf6L{n] dfq ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt u/] .
– ;a}eGbf a9L dt k|fKt ug]{ M sfzLk|;fb >Ljf:tj, !$,!%^ dt / ;a}eGbf sd dt k|fKt ug]{M g/axfb'/ k|;fO{, @)$$ dt
– Psdfq dlxnf ljh]tf pDd]b\jf/M åfl/sf b]jL 7s'/fgL, 88]nw'/f
– klxnf] glthf k|fKt lhNnf M u'NdL / clGtd glthf k|fKt lhNnf M afUn'ª
 of] lgjf{rgsf] glthfkl5 @)!^ h]i7 !# ut] ljlk sf]O{/fnf hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrt klxnf] k|wfgdGqL ag] .
 s[i0f k|;fb e6\6/fO{ @)!^ cfiff9 !^ ut] g]kfnsf] klxnf] ;efd'v ag] .
g]kfnsf] klxnf] hgdt ;+u|x M 3f]if0ffM @)#^ h]i7 !), /fhf lj/]Gb| 4f/f, hgdt ;+u|x ;DkGg ldltM @)#& j}zfv @)
 hgdt ;+u|x ;DkGg ug{ eujtL k|;fb l;+xsf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo /fli6«o r'gfj cfof]u u7g ul/of] .
 dtbfg s]Gb|M !),)@% -ljb]zdf – !(_, dtbftf ;+VofM &!,(@,$%!, Dft v;fNg]sf] ;+VofM $*,!#,$*^ -^^=(@k|ltzt_
 %% lhNnfdf ;'wfl/Psf] k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] kIfdf dtbfg ul/of], dt ;+VofM @$,##,$%@ -%$=&(k|ltzt_
 @) lhNnfdf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] kIfdf dtbfg ul/of], dt ;+VofM @),)&,(^% -$%=@!k|ltzt_
 o; ;+u|xdf k~rfotnfO{ kx]+nf] /+u / ax'bnnfO{ lgnf] /+u lbOPsf] lyof] .
 hgdt ;+u|xdf g]kfnsf] k|wfgdGqL ;"o{ axfb'/ yfkf lyP . hgdt ;+u|xkl5 /flhgfdf lbg] k|wfgdGqL sLlt{lglw lji6 x'g\ .
 /fli6«o k~rfotsf nflu klxnf] cfdlgjf{rgM @)#* j}zfv @& -dgfª afx]s_

@))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGt M !)$ jif]{ hxflgofF /f0ff zf;gsf] lj?4df rn]sf] lyof] .
 hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngsf] dfxf]nnfO{ cGt df]8\g tTsflng k|wfgdGqL df]xg zdz]/n] g]kfn kfln{ofd]06sf] 3f]if0ff u/] – @))&
c;f]h ^
 lj=;+= @))& c;f]h ( / !) df j}/xulgofdf ePsf] g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] ;Dd]ngn] /f0ff zf;g lj?4 d'lQm ;]gf u7g u/L
ljleGg 7fpmFaf6 /f0ff zf;g lj?4 qmflGtsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] .
 /fhf lqe'jgn] /f0ff lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] ;fy lbP / @))& sflt{s @! df ef/tLo b'tfjf;sf] z/0fdf k'u] .
 oxL df}sf 5f]kL df]xg zdz]/n] 1fg]Gb| ljqmd zfxnfO{ @))& sflt{s @@ ut] /fhu2Ldf a;fn] .
 ef/tn] /fhf lqe'jgnfO{ ljz]if ljdfg k7fP/ @))& sflt{s @% df ef/t nUof] .
 qmflGtsf] sf/0f cflQP/ /f0ff, sfFu|]; / /fhf lqe'jgsf ljr @))& kf}if @$ df lbNnLdf lqkIfLo ;Demf}tf eof] .
 /fhf lqe'jg @))& kmfNu'0f $ ut] :jb]z kmsL{ @))& kmfNu'0f & df k|hftGq sf] 3f]if0ff u/] .
 /fhf lqe'jgaf6 cfk'mk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]u/L /f0ff kIfaf6 % hgf / sfFu|]; kIfaf6 % hgf ;d]6L u/L !) ;b:oLo
dlGqd08n u7g ul/of] .
/f0ff kIfaf6
!= df]xg zdz]/ M k|wfgdGqL / k//fi6« dGqL @= aa/ zdz]/ M /Iff dGqL #= r'F8f zdz]/ M jg dGqL
$= g[k h+u /f0ff M lzIff dGqL %= o1axfb'/ a:g]tM :jf:Yo tyf :jfoQ zf;g dGqL
sfFu|]; kIfaf6
!= ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnf M u[xdGqL @= ;'j0f{ zdz]/ M cy{dGqL #= u0f]zdfg l;+x M pBf]u tyf jfl0fHo
$= eb|sfnL ld> M oftfoft dGqL %= e/td0fL zdf{ M vfB tyf s[lif dGqL

@)$^÷@)$& ;fnsf] klxnf] hgcfGbf]ng M k~rfotL Joj:yf lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 12 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 of] hgcfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e"ld tof/ ug{ g]kfnL sfFu|];n] @)$^ df3 %, ^, & ut] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u¥of]{ . of]
;Dd]ngdf & afdkGyL ;d"x ;d]t ;xefuL lyP . of] ;Dd]ngn] & a'Fb] /fhgLlts k|:tfj kf; u¥of] / @)$^ kmfNu'0f & af6
cfGbf]ng ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of]
 of] cfGbf]ng $( lbg;Dd rn]sf] lyof] . of] cfGbf]ngsf ;jf]{Rr sdfG8/ u0f]zdfg l;+x x'g \ . ;+o'Qm afddf]rf{sf] ;+of]hs
;xfgf k|wfg lyOg\ .
 cfGbf]ngsf] bf}/fg k|wfgdGqL dl/rdfg l;+xsf] ;/sf/nfO{ @)$^ r}q @$ ut] lj36g u/L nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGbsf] g]t[Tjdf
$ ;b:oLo dGqLd08n u7g ul/of]
 of] ;fdfGo ;'wf/n] cfGbf]ng dTy/ ePg / cGttM @)$^ r}q @^ ut] k|hftGqsf] k'g{:yfkgf eO 5f8\of] . /fhf lj/]Gb|af6
@)!( sf] ;+ljwfg af6 bnljlxg zAb x6fpg] / bndfly nufPsf] k|ltaGw km's'jf ug]{ lj1KtL hf/L eof] .
 @)$& j}zfv # df nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGbn] /fhLgfdf lbP . @)$& j}zfv ^ ut] s[i0fk|;fb e6\6/fO{sf] cWoIftfdf !! ;b:oLo
dGqLd08n u7g eof] .
 @)$& sflt{s @# df g]kfnsf] % cf}+ ;+ljwfg - g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+lawfg @)$&_ hf/L eof] .

@)^@÷^# sf] bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ng M ;s[o /fhtGqsf] lj?4sf] cfGbf]n

 @)^! df3 !( df /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] hglgj{lrt ;/sf/sf] lj36g u/L zf;gef/ cfkm}+n] u|x0f u/] .
 /fhfsf] o:tf] /j}of ;xg g;sL & /fhlglts bn -g]kfnL sfFu|];, Pdfn], g]kfnL sfFu|]; k|hftflGqs, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg
kf6L{, g]kfnL ;b\efjgf kf6L{, ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{, ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfn_ / dfcf]jfbL lar @)^@ d+l;/ & ut] lbNnLdf !@
a'Fb] ;Demf}tf eof] / cfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e"ld tof/ kfl/of] .
 @)^@ r}q @$ af6 cfGbf]ng z'?jft eof] . @)^@ r}q @^ ut] klxnf] zlxb led;]g bfxfn eP . -hDdf @% zlxb eP_
 of] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf j}zfv ^ ut] d'n'ss} ;a}eGbf nfdf] skm\o"{ !* 306f nfu]sf] lyof] .
 o;sf] ef]lnkN6 j}zfv & ut] ;a}eGbf a9L $ hgfn] zfxbft k|fKt u/] -olx cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf ef/tLo ljz]if b'tsf]
?kdf s/0fl;+x g]kfn cfPsf lyP ._
 cfGbf]ngs} cj:yfdf @)^# j}zfv * df /fhfaf6 sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ hgtfd} x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 3f]if0ff u/] t/ hgtfn]
o;nfO{ dfg]gg\ .
 kmn:j?k @)^# j}zfv !! ut] /fhfaf6 lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efsf] k'g{:yfkgf eof] / j}zfv !% ut] ;+;bsf] a}7s a:g]
3f]if0ff u/] .
 k'g{:yflkt k|ltlglw ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s !% ut] a:of], lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf cGtl/d k|wfgdGqL ag] .
 k'g{:yflkt k|ltlglw ;efn] @)^# h]i7 $ ut] k|ltlglw ;efsf] 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u¥of] .
 @)^# ;fn d+l;/ % ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / tTsflng g]skf dfcf]jfbL lar j[xt zfGtL ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eof] .
 @)^# df3 ! ut] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# hf/L eof] .
 @)^% h]i7 @( df k"j{ /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] gf/fo0flx6Laf6 gfuh'{g b/af/ alx{udg
 @)^% >fj0f * df k|yd /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltåf/f kbef/ u|x0f
 @)^% kmfNu'0f !^ df ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ gf/fo0flx6L ;+u|xfno v'Nnf ul/of] .

Oltxf; ljljwM
 sf]zL ;Demf}tf M @)!! j}zfv !@, k|wfgdGqL dft[sf k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf kfnfdf
 x:tfIf/stf{M dxfjL/ zdz]/ h=a=/f= -g]kfn_ u'Nhf/Lnfn gGbg -ef/t_
 u08s ;Demf}tf M @)!^ d+l;/ !(, k|wfgdGqL ljZ]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] kfnfdf
 x:tfIf/stf{M ;'j0f{ zdz]/ -g]kfn_ eujfg ;xfos -ef/t_
 dxfsfnL ;GwLM @)%@ df3 !( -!((^ hgj/L @(_, k|wfgdGqL z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfsf] kfnfdf
 x:tfIf/stf{M z]/ axfb'/ b]pjf -g]kfn_, lk=eL= g/l;+x /fj -ef/t_ . of] ;GwL ;+;baf6 @)%# c;f]h $ df kfl/t ePsf]
lyof] .
 zfGtL tyf d}qL ;GwL M;g\ !(%) h'nfO{ #! -@))& >fj0f !^_
 x:tfIf/stf{M df]xg zdz]/ -g]kfn_, rGb|]Zj/ k|;fb gf/fo0f l;+x -ef/t_ . o; ;GwLdf !) wf/f /x]sf 5g\

g]kfnsf /fli6«o lje"ltx?

 != /fhf hgs @= ;Ltf #= uf}td a'4 $= c+z'jdf{
 %= c/lgsf] ^= /fd zfx &= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx *= aneb|
 (= cd/l;+x yfkf !)= eLd;]g yfkf !!= efg'eQm cfrfo{ !@= df]lt/fd e6\6
 !#= >L % lqe'jg !$= z+vw/ ;fVjf !%= kf;fª Nxfd' z]kf{ !^= dxfu'? kmfNu'gGb
ljleGg :yfgdf a:tL a;fNg] /fhf
 lslt{k'/ – lzjb]j k|yd nlntk'/ – j/b]j eQmk'/ – cfgGb b]j
 uf]s0f{ – dfgb]j xfF8LufpF – anb]j yfgsf]6 – lzjb]j låtLo
 a'9flgns07 – hob]j låtLo sflGtk'/ – u'0ffsfdfb]j anDa' – c+z'jdf{
ljleGg hfqf rnfpg] /fhf
 g/]Gb| b]jM /ftf] dlG5Gb|gfysf] /yofqf, ef]6f] hfqf dlxGb| dNn M Zj]t ljgfos hfqf
 k|tfk dNn M ;]tf] dlR5Gb|gfysf] /y ofqf hok|sfz dNnM 3f]8] hfqf -lkzfr rt'{bzL_
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 13 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 hut\k|sfz dNn M ufOhfqf cd/ dNnM ah|of]lugL /yofqf
 huHof]lt dNnM lj:s]6 hfqf, cflb e}/j /yofqf dfgb]j M ljho hfqf
 u'0ffsfdfb]j÷nIdLsfdfb]jM OGb| hfqf, nfv] hfqf, s[i0f hfqf, lxn] hfqf, >[ª\ue]/L hfqf
ljleGg d'b|f rnfpg] /fhf M
 dgf+s –dfgb]j u'0ff+s – u'0ffsfdb]j k0f÷k'/f0f – g/]Gb| b]j 5fnfsf] d'b|f–l;l4g/l;+x dNn
 hfjf – hok|sfz dNn tfdf – /Tg dNn rfFbLsf] df]x/ – dlxGb| dNn rf/s'g] d'b|f – k|tfkdNn
 /fgLsf] gfd c+lst d'b|f – g/]Gb| dNn ljrdf Kjfn k/]sf] – k[YjL lj/ ljqmd zfx sfuhL gf]6 – h'4 zdz]/
 z'sL – lzjb]j t[lto ;'gsf] c;kmL{ – /0faxfb'/ zfx :j0f{ d'b|f – ho k|sfz dNn kf]lnd/ gf]6 – 1fg]Gb|
ljqmd zfx
clGtd /fhf
 nDh'ª – jL/ dfb{g zfx kfNkf – k[YjLkfn ;]g tgx'F – xl/s'df/ bQ ;]g rf}b08L – s0f{ ;]g
 dsjfgk'/ M lbUaGwg ;]g h'Dnf M ;f]eg zfxL 8f]6L M lbk zfx b}n]v M s0f{ jd{g zfxL

s]xL dxTjk"0f{ ltlyldlt

 uf}td a'4sf] hGd – O=k'= %^# j}zfv k'l0f{df
 snsf/ c/lgsf] rLg uPsf] – lj=;+= !#!)
 g]kfn c+u|]haLr ;'k'b{uL ;lGw ;DkGg – lj=;+= !(!!
 g]kfndf klxnf] ljdfg cjt/0f – –@))^ j}zfv !!
 k|hftGq g]kfn /]l8of]sf] :yfkgf –lj=;+= @))& r}q @) ut]
 /]l8of] g]kfnsf] :yfkgf – lj=;+= @))*c;f/ !% ut]
 /fhkqsf] k|sfzg – lj=;+= @))* >fj0f @@ ut]
 k|yd k6s ah]6 k|:t't – lj=;+= @))* df3 @! ut]
 kGrjlif{o of]hgfsf] 3f]if0ff –lj=;++ @)!@ c;f]h @@
 lq=lj=sf] u7g / :yfkgf – lj=;+= @)!@ / @)!^
 ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf :yfkgf – lj=;+= @)!# h]7 * ut]
 /fHo /hf}6f P]g nfu' – lj=;+= @)!^ r}q @&
 ljtf{ pGd'ng –@)!^ kf}if !(
 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u u7g – lj=;+= @)!& kmfu'g ! ut]
 lqe'jg ljdfg:yndf h]6 cf]n]{sf] –lj=;+= @)@# kmfNu'0f @% ut] Po/ n'ˆyfG;f hd{gL
 lj/f6gu/ xjfO{ ckx/0f – lj=;+= @)#) h]7 @*
 l;+xb/af/ cfunfuL – @)#) c;f/ @% ut]
 g]kfn lakm/d'Qm b]z 3f]lift – @)#$ j}zfv ! ut]
 l5Gtfª -wgs'6f_ sf08 –@)#^ ;fn
 306f3/df cfunfuL – @)#* j}zfv @(
 lk:s/ -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ xTofsf08 – @)$) df3 !
 lj/]Gb| k|x/L c:ktfnsf] :yfkgf – @)$) r}q @&
 !@ ah] tf]k k8\sfpg] k|yfsf] cGTo – lj=;+= @)$% j}zfv ! ut]
 k|yd cfd lgjf{rg – lj=;+= @)$* j}zfv @( ut]
 g]=s=kf= Pdfn]sf tTsflng dxf;lrj dbg e08f/Lsf] lgwg – lj=;+= @)%) ;fn h]7 # ut]
 ;+vw/ ;fVjfnfO{ /fli6«o lje'lt 3f]if0ff –@)%^÷)*÷)#
 Dfwj l3ld/]nfO /fi6« sljsf] pkflw k|wfg – @)^) c;f]h (
 g]kfnsf] WTO sf] ;b:otf kfPsf] – @)^! j}zfv !!
 O/fsdf !@ hgf g]kfnLsf] xTof – @)^! Effb| !@
 g]kfndf Pl6Pd ;]jfsf] ;'?jft – @)^! h]i7 @@, PEf/]i6 j}+s
 >L % 1fg]Gb|åf/f ;+;b k'g{:yfkgfsf] 3f]if0ff – hgtfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf ePsf] 3f]if0ff – lj=;+= @)^# j}zfv !! ut]
 gf/fo0flx6L ;+u|xfno ;j{;fwf/0fsf] nfuL v'Nnf –@)^% kmfNu'g !%
 g]kfn s'i7/f]u d'Qm If]q 3f]lift – @)^^ df3 %
 ;u/dfyfsf] cfwf/ lzlj/df dGqLkl/ifb j}7s – @)^^ d+l;/ !(
 g]kfnL gful/stf b'j} g]kfnL / c+u]|hL efiffdf k|bfg ug{ z'? – @)^^ d+l;/ *
 kz'ktL cfo{3f6df ljw'lto zjbfx ;+rfngdf – @)&@ df3 !)
 /fli6«o kl/Iff jf]8{ u7g – @)&# c;f/ !^
 elnjn /fli6«o v]n 3f]lift – @)&$ h]i7 *

;dfKt

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 14 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf

g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts cj:yf

k|yf, k/Dk/f, d"No Pj+ dfGotf, wd{, hfthflt, efiffefifL, ;+:s[lt, snf, ;flxTo, ;+uLt cflb .
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] lsl;d, ljz]iftf tyf dxTj
g]kfnsf k|yfx¿
dfgj r]tgf2f/f ;j{;Ddt ?kdf l:jsf/ u/L canDag ul/Psf dfgjLo Jojxf/nfO{ k|yf elgG5 . ;lbof}Fb]lv ;dfhdf dflg;x¿n]
cËLsf/ ub}{ cfPsf /Lltl:ylt, rfnrng, /xg;xg, k/Dk/f, d"NodfGotf cflbsf] ;dli6u6 ?k klg xf] k|yf .
 k|yf k|frLg x'g'kb{5 .
 k|yf lg/Gt/ rnL cfPsf] x'g'kb{5 .
 k|yf ;j{dfGo x'g'kb{5 .
 k|yf ts{;+ut x'g'kb{5 .
bf;k|yf
pRr ju{sf] ;'v, ;'ljwf Pj+ ef]uljnf;sf] nflu ul/a tyf lgd'vf dflg;x¿nfO{ kz'nfO{ h:t} sfo{ u/fpg] / lsga]r ug]{ k|yf
g} bf;k|yf xf] .
 bf;k|yf pGd"ng ug]{ ljZjsf] klxnf] d'n's s'g xf] <—8]gdfs{
 bf;k|yf pGd"ng ug]{ clGtd d'n's s'g xf] < — clk|msL d'n's df}l/6flgof -;g\ @))&_
 bf;k|yf pGd"ng ug]{ k|of; ubf{ xTof ul/Psf cd]l/sL /fi6«klt sf] x'g \ < —ca|fxd lnÍg ;g\ !*^% clk|n !%, hf]g
ljlsN; j'y2f/f
 g]kfndf bf;k|yf cGTosf] cf}krfl/s 3f]if0ff slxn] ePsf] lyof] <
—lj=;+= !(*) d+l;/ !$ ut], tTsfnLg k|d rGb| zdz]/åf/f
—lj=;+= !(*! j}zfv ! ut]af6 nfu" .
gf]6 M
g]kfndf bf;k|yf cGTo ubf{ %(,%&# hgf sdf/fsdf/L lyP eg] dflnsx¿sf] ;+Vof !%,&!( eO{ Ps hgf dflns a/fa/ sl/a
# hgf bf;bf;L lyP . bf;k|yf cGTo ubf{ tTsfnLg k|d rGb| zdz]/n] kz'klt ljsf; sf]ifaf6 ?= #^ nfv lems]sf lyP .
;tLk|yf
–kltsf] d[t z/L/;Fu} >LdtLn] lhpFb} hn]/ dg]{ jf k|f0f Tofu ug]{ s'k|yfnfO{ ;tL k|yf elgG5 .
 g]kfndf ;tL k|yf cGTosf] 3f]if0ff slxn] ePsf] lyof] < — tTsfnLg k|d rGb| zdz]/åf/f lj=;+= !(&& cfiff9 @% ut] .
Capsule M g]kfndf ds} kj{ klg lj=;+= !(&& ;fndf g} 36]sf] lyof] .
b]psL k|yf
cfˆgf] dgf]sfª\Iff k"/f ug]{ Wo]on] cfˆg} 5f]/L jf ul/asf 5f]/Lr]nL lsg]/ efsn:j¿k dlGb/df r9fpg] k|yfnfO{ b]psL k|yf elgG5 .
 b]psL k|yf g]kfnsf] s'g If]qdf k|rlnt 5 < — ljz]iftM ;'b"/klZrdsf] a}t8L / 8f]6L lhNnf .
 b]psL k|yfsf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf] ¿kdf s'g dlGb/nfO{ lnOG5 < — a}t8Lsf] d]nf}nLb]jL dlGb/ .
sd}of k|yf
cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos uhf]{ 6fg{ cfˆgf] hldg jf wg;DklQ aGws /fvL ;fx';Fu C0f lng] / ;f] C0f s§L gx'Gh]n;Dd ;fx'sxfF
sfd u/L a:g] k|yf g} sd}of k|yf xf] .
 g]kfndf sd}of k|yfsf] cGTosf] 3f]if0ff tTsfnLg k|d z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfåf/f lj=;+= @)%&>fj0f @ ut] ePsf] lyof] .
sdn/L k|yf
– g]kfnsf] klZrd t/fO{sf bfª, afFs], alb{of, s~rgk'/ nufotsf lhNnfdf a;f]af; ug]{ ljkGg kl/jf/sf 5 jif{dflysf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{
;fx'dxfhgx¿n] cfˆgf] 3/df sfdbf/sf] ¿kdf /fVg] k|yf g} sdn/L k|yf xf] .
 sdn/L a;]/ klg ;ef;b\;Dd k'Ug ;kmn sdn/L sf] x'g\ < — zfGtf rf}w/L
 g]kfn ;/sf/n] sdn/L k|yf cGTosf] 3f]if0ff slxn] u/]sf] xf] <— @)&) cfiff9 !# — nfu" @)&) >fj0f # af6 .
 ;j{k|yd sdn/Ld'Qm 3f]if0ff lhNnf s'g xf] < — bfª
em'df÷9fjf k|yf
g]kfnsf] pQ/L–lxdfnL lhNnf -ljz]iftM d':tfª lhNnf_df a;f]af; ug]{ z]kf{, nfdf, nf]jf h:tf af}4 wd{fjnDaL ;d'bfodf
tLgj6L 5f]/L hGd]df dflxnL 5f]/L em'df / tLgj6f 5f]/f hGd]df dflxnf] 5f]/f 9fjf jf nfdfsf] ¿kdf af}4 u'Daf tyf ljxf/x¿sf] /]vb]v
ug{sf] nflu r9fpg] k|yf g} em'df÷9fjf k|yf xf] .
 em'df tyf nfdf÷9fjfn] cfˆgf] skfn vf}/g] ;+:sf/nfO{ :of;fs{g elgG5 .
 em'dfx¿n] nufpg] /ftf] klx/gnfO{ ;Gqfk elgG5 . 5fpk8L k||yf
 dlxgfjf/L ePsf] ;dodf 3/b]lv 6f9fsf] cFWof/f] uf]7df uO{ a:g'kg]{ k|yf g} 5fpk8L k|yf xf] .
 5fpk8L k|yfsf] d'Vo s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf c5fd lhNnfnfO{ lnOG5 .
 lzIff tyf r]tgfsf]:t/n] of] k|yf lj:tf/} x/fpFb} uO/x]sf] kfOG5 .
CapsuleM ;fgf] b'wfn' ufO{ kfOg] lhNnf klg c5fd g} xf] .
8+u'jf k|yf
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 1 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 /fhj+zL jf sf]r] hfltsf ljwjf dlxnfn] s]xL gftf gkg]{ k/k'?ifnfO{ nf]Ug] h:t} agfP/ /fVg] k|yfnfO{ g} 8+u'jf k|yf elgG5 .
 8+u'jf a:g] k'?ifx¿ cfˆgL >LdtL lat]sf tyf sdhf]/ cfly{s l:ylt ePsfx¿ x'G5g\ .
xlnof k|yf
 ;fx'af6 C0f lng] / ;f] C0f r'Qmf geP;Dd ;fx's} 3/df xnf] hf]Tg'nfO{ xlnof k|yf elgG5 .
 lj=;+= @)^% efb| @! ut] ;/sf/n] xlnof k|yf cGTosf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] . oBlk of] 3f]if0ff k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf]
b]lvb}g .-:d/0f /xf];\M g]kfndf hLg a}+ssf] :yfkgf lj=;+= @)^& efb| @! ut] ePsf] lyof] ._

cGo k||yfsf] af/]df ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L

 3f]8fe]8f k|yf g]kfnsf] d'u' lhNnfdf k|rlnt 5 .
 v'Nnf k|yf ljz]if u/L 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] ;dL{ uf=lj=;= df k|rlnt 5 .
 ;}/]nL k|yf dWoklZrdsf] ;'v]{t lhNnfdf k|rlnt 5 .
 a]7L k|yf g]kfnsf] k"jL{ kxf8L lhNnfdf k|rlnt 5 .
 l9s'/÷l9s'/L k|yf ysfnL hfltdf k|rlnt 5 .
g]kfndf k|rlnt wd{x¿
æcnf}lss zlQmdflysf] ljZjf; g} wd{ xf] .Æ
@)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfg';f/ g]kfndf dflgg] d'Vo !) wd{x¿ / ltgsf] hg;+Vof M
wd{ hg;+Vof
lxGb" *!=#Ü
af}4 (Ü
O:nfd $=$Ü -efj/If]qn] cf]u6]sf] If]q klg $=$Ü g} 5 ._
ls/fFt #Ü -g]kfnn] blIf0f Pl;ofsf] #Ü If]q cf]u6]sf] 5 ._
lqmlZrog !=$Ü
k|s[lt )=$Ü
jf]g !#,))^ hgf
h}g #@!$ hgf
axfO{ !@*# hgf
lzv ^)( hgf
lxGb" wd{
æk/f]ksf/ k'0ofo, kfkfo k/kL8gd\ .Æ — dxfd'lg Jof;
 lxGb" wd{nfO{ j}lbs jf ;gftg wd{ klg elgG5 .
 lxGb" wd{sf lqb]j eGgfn] a|Xd, lji0f' tyf dx]Zj/nfO{ a'lemG5 .
 a|xdf, lai0f', dx]]Zj/ tLgj6} b]jtfsf] k|ltd"lt{ eg]/ lrlgg] /Llif bQfq]o x'g.
 lxGb' wd{df ## sf]6L b]jtfx? /x]sf] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
 lxGb" wd{sf k|jt{s k|frLg Clifd'lgx¿ x'g\ .
 lxGb" wd{sf] wfld{s:ynnfO{ dlGb/ elgG5 .
 lxGb" wd{sf] k|rf/ssf] ¿kdf zª\sfrfo{nfO{ lnOG5 .
 lxGb" wd{df d"lt{ k"hfsf] ljz]if dxTj /x]sf] 5 .
 lxGb" wd{sf d'Vo u|Gyx¿ j]b, k'/f0f, dxfef/t, uLtf, /fdfo0f, pklgifb\ cflb x'g\ .
 ;+;f/df ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;a}eGbf a9L lxGb" wd{ dfGg] wdf{jnDaLx¿ ef/tdf 5g\ eg] k|ltztsf cfwf/df ljZjdf ;a}eGbf
a9L lxGb" wd{ dfGg] wdf{jnDaLx¿ g]kfndf 5g\ .
 @)^* sf] hgu0fgfg';f/ g]kfndf lxGb" wd{ dfGg]x¿ s'n hg;+Vofsf] *!=#Ü /x]sf 5g\ .
j0f{ Joj:yf
 lxGb" ;dfhnfO{ 1fg, /Iff, hLljsf tyf ;]jfsf cfwf/df a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo tyf z'b| u/L rf/ efudf ljeQm ul/Psf] 5,
h;nfO{ …j0f{ Joj:yfÚ elgG5 .
 j0f{ Joj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf CUj]bsf] k'?ifz'Qmdf ;+s]t ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
 j0f{ Joj:yfsf] d"n cfwf/ >d ljefhg xf], hftLo ljefhg xf]Og .
j0ff{>d Joj:yf
 lxGb" wd{df dflg;sf] pd]/nfO{ !)) jif{ dflgPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ rf/ efudf afF8L ljleGg st{Jox¿ tf]lsPsf] 5 . o;}nfO{
…j0ff{>d Joj:yfÚ elgG5 . o; Joj:yfcg';f/ dflg;sf rf/ cj:yfx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
!= a|Xdrfof{>d hGd]b]lv @% jif{;Dd -afNofj:yf_
@= u[x:yf>d @% b]lv %) jif{;Dd -o'jfj:yf_
#= jfgk|:yfgf>d %) b]lv &% jif{;Dd -k|f}9fj:yf_

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 2 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
$= ;Gof;f>d &% b]lv !)) jif{;Dd -j[4fj:yf_
j]bx¿
lxGb" wd{df CUj]b, oh'j]{b, ;fdj]b / cyj{j]b u/L rf/j6f j]bx¿ 5g\ .
s_ CUj]b
 CUj]b ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] j]b xf] .
 o;df b]jLb]jtfsf] :t'lt ul/Psf] 5 .
 o;df !) d08n, !)@* z'lQm / !),%*) Crf 5g\ .
 CUj]bdf ;a}eGbf a9L s'g b]jtfsf] k|z+;f ul/Psf] 5 <OGb|b]j
 CUj]bdf ;a}eGbf a9L s'g gbLsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 <;/:jtL
v_ oh'j]{b
 o;df o1 k|lqmofsf nflu dGqx¿ 5g\ .
 oh'j]{b s'?If]qdf /rgf ul/Psf] xf] . :d/0f /xf];\ M
u_ ;fdj]b  ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] j]b M CUj]b
 ;+uLtsf] pTklQ ;fdj]baf6 ePsf] xf] .  ;a} e Gbf ;fgf] j] b M ;fdj]b
 ;fdj]b uLt;+uLt k|wfg 5 .  ;a}eGbf kl5 /lrPsf] j]b M cyj{j]b
3_ cyj{j]b
 o;df vuf]n, bz{g, rdTsf/, lj1fg cflbsf] JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .
 cyj{j]bnfO{ …a|Xdj]bÚ klg elgG5 .
 lxGb"x¿n] hKg] ufoqL dGq s'g j]bdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 < CUj]b
 ufoqL dGqdf s'g b]jtfsf] :t'lt ul/Psf] 5 < ;"o{b]j
 /fdfo0f
æhggL hGde"ldZr :juf{blk ul/o;L .Æ
 /fdfo0fsf /rlotf sf] x'g\ < dxlif{ jfNdLls Capsule M
 dxlif{ jfNdLlsåf/f /lrt /fdfo0fdf slt j6f sf08 5g\ <& sf08 klxnf] sf08 M afnsf08
 dxlif{ jfNdLlsåf/f /lrt /fdfo0fsf & sf08x¿ M clGtd sf08 M pQ/sf08
!= afnsf08 @= cof]Wof sf08 #= c/0o sf08
$= lsl:sGw sf08 #= ;'Gb/ sf08 ^= o'4 sf08 &= pQ/sf08
 dxfd'lg j]bJof;åf/f /lrt dxfef/tsf !* kj{x¿
!= cflb kj{ @= ;ef kj{ #= jg kj{ $= lj/f6 kj{ %= pBf]u kj{ ^= eLid kj{
&= b|f]0f{ kj{ *= s0f{ kj{ (= zNo kj{ !)= :qL kj{ !!= zflGt kj{ !@= cg'zf;g kj{
!#= ;f}lQs kj{ !$=cZjd]lws kj{ !%= cf>djf;L kj{ !^= df};n kj{ !&= dxfk|:yflgs kj{ !*= :juf{/f]x0f kj{
lxGb" wd{df sltj6f ;Dk|bfox¿ 5g\ < # ;Dk|bfo
lxGb" wd{sf tLg ;Dk|bfox¿
Capsule M
k|yd kj{ M cflb kj{
clGtd kj{ M :juf{/f]x0f
z}j ;Dk|bfo -eujfg\ j}i0fj ;Dk|bfo -eujfg\ zfQm ;Dk|bfo -zlQm cyf{t\
lzjsf] k"hf ug]{_ lji0f'sf] k"hf ug]{_ b]jLdfly ljZjf; ug]{_
lxGb" bz{gsf ^ j6f zf:q / ltgsf k|jt{sx¿
bz{g k|jt{s
of]uzf:q kt~hnL
;f+Vo zf:q slkn
Gofo zf:q uf}td Clif
j}z]lifs zf:q s0ff{b
k"j{ ld;f+;f h}ldgL
pQ/ ld;f+;f jf j]bfGt dxfd'lg Jof;
gf]6 M cfo'j]{bsf k|jt{s wGjGt/L x'g\ .
ljleGg b]jLb]jtf / ltgsf wg' tyf c:qx¿
wg'x¿ z+vx¿ ubfx¿ cGo c:qx¿
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 3 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
lji0f'sf] wg'—;f/Ë s[i0fsf] z+v—kf~rhGo lji0f'sf] ubf—sf}df]bsL lji0f'÷s[i0fsf] rqm—;'bz{g
ch'{gsf] wg'—ufl08j ch'{gsf] z+v—b]jbQ xg'dfgsf] ubf—nf}x:tDe /fj0fsf] t/jf/—rGb|xfF;-lzjåf/f k|bQ_
s0f{sf]] wg'—ljho wg'if o'lwli7/sf] z+v— cgGt eLdsf] ubf—;'kfZj{ lji0f'sf] v8\u—gGbs
/fdsf] wg'if—chuj ljho gf/bd'lgsf] jL0ff—dblt
lzjsf] wg'—lkgfs-lqz"n_

ljleGg b]jLb]jtf / ltgsf jfxgx¿

b]jLb]jtf Jfxg b]jLb]jtf jfxg
dxfb]j÷lzj gGbL-;fF9]_ kfj{tL la/fnf]
lji0f'÷gf/fo0f u?8 nIdL nf6f]sf]z]/f]
od/fh /fFuf] e}/j÷bQfq]o s's'/
u0f]z d';f], 5'r'Gb|f] s'df/-sflt{s]_ do'/
od'gf s5'jf u+uf÷j?0f uf]xL
sfdb]j df5f / ;'uf OGb| P]/fjt-xfQL_
b'uf{ l;+x Zlg lu4, rLn
jfo' d[u clUg af]sf] / w'jfF
/fdrGb| afFb/-xg'dfg_ lztnfb]jL uwf
;/:jtL xfF; sfTofogL af3
kf}/fl0fs JolQmTj / ltgsf kTgLx¿
k|frLg JolQmTj kTgLx¿ k|frLg JolQmTjx¿ kTgLx¿
lzj kfj{tL u0f]z C4L / l;4L
lji0f' nIdL OGb| zrL-OGb|fo0fL_
a|Xd A|xdL ;t?kf /fj0f dGbf]b/L
clq Clif cg';'of s[i0f ?lSd0fL
uf}td Clif clxNof uf}td a'4 ozf]w/f÷uf]kf
j]bJof;-dxfd'lg Jof;_ lkËnf jf;'b]j b]jsL
/fd ;Ltf k~rkf08j b|f}kbL
nId0f pld{nf b'of]{wg efg'dtL
e/t df08aL b|f]0ffrfo{ s[kL
jfnL tf/f s0f{ kßfjtL
jlzi7 c?GwtL lxdfno d]gsf
clUg :jfxf ;'3|Lj /df, tf/f
;"o{ ;GWof kf08' s'GtL÷dfb|L
b'ioGt zs'Gtnf cledGo" pQ/f
s'g o'usf] k|f/De slxn] x'G5 <
;Too'u j}zfv z'Sn t[tLof
q]tfo'u sflt{s z'Sn gjdL
åfk/o'u efb| s[i0f qof]bzL
s]xL gfd / ltgnfO{ snLo'u kf}if cdfjZof hgfpg] cy{
gfd a'emfpg] cy{ gfd a'emfpg] cy{ gfd a'emfpg] cy{
b'jf{;f l/;fxf bwLlr bfgL ;'bfdf ul/a
b'zf;g b'i6 anL bfgL hgs 1fgL
o'lwli7/ ;TojfbL nIdL wgsL b]jL cul:t vGr'jf
xl/ZrGb| ;TojfbL s'j]/ wgL s'Des0f{ ;'tfxf
PsnJo u'?eQm ljeLif0f s'nb|f]xL uf}td a'4 zflGt b"t
dL/f elQmgL ;s'gL sk6L÷h'jf8] /fd cfbz{ k'?if
;/:jtL ljBfsL b]jL rf0fSo gLltjfg\
u0f]z l56f] n]Vg] eLid b[9 k|lt1f
-gf]6M ;Demgf ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ ldNg]ldNg] gfd / cy{nfO{ ;Fu} /flvPsf] 5 ._
u'Ktjf;df /xbf k~rkf08jsf] gfd / tLgsf] sfd
k~rkf08j u'Ktjf;sf] gfd sfo{
o'lwli7/ s+s /fhf lj/f6nfO{ h'jf v]Ngdf ;fy lbg'
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 4 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
led aNne efG;fsf] sfd ug'{
ch'{g a[xGgnf /fhfsL 5f]/L pt/fnfO{ ufog, afwg / g[Tosf] k|l/zIf0f lbg'
gs'n u|flGys tj]nfsf] /]vb]v ug]{
;xb]j tGqLkfn kz'zfnf k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{
:d/0f /xf]; b|f}kbLsf] gfd ;}ll/Gb|L lyof] / pgL /fgL ;'b]i0ffsL ;';f/]sf] ?kdf sfd uly{g.
lxGb" wd{;Fu ;DalGwt s]xL ;d"xx¿
 Ps dfq O{Zj/ hgfpg] zAb æçÆ xf] .
 b'O{ cog —pQ/fo0f / blIf0ffo0f .
 lqb]j —a|Xd, lji0f', dx]Zj/ .
 lqbf]if —jft, lkQ, skm .
 lqnf]s —:ju{, dTo{, kftfn .
 lqs'6 —dl/r, lkKnf, ;'7f] .
 dgsf tLg zlQm — OR5fzlQm, lqmofzlQm, 1fgzlQm .
 tLg cfofd — nDafO, rf}8fO / prfO .
 lqu'0f — ;Tjf]u'0f, /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0f .
 lqlnË — k'lnË, :qLlnË / gk'+;slnË .
 lqdw' — l3p, lrgL / dx .
 lq/Tg —;'g, rfFbL / tfdf .
 lqkmnf — x/f]{, a/f]{ / cdnf .
 wd{sf rf/ kfp — bof, ;To, zflGt / clx+;f .
 rf/gLlt — ;fd, bfd, b08, e]b .
 hLjgsf rf/ ceLi6 j:t'x¿-rf/ k'?iffy{_ — wd{, sd{, sfd / df]If .
 rf/wfd —huGgfyk'/L-k"j{_, åfl/sfgfy-klZrd_, ab|Lgfy-pQ/_ / /fd]Zj/d\-blIf0f_ .
 g]kfnsf rf/wfd
 a/fx If]q -;'g;/L_
 d'lQm If]q -d':tfª_
 ?? If]q -l/l8, u'NdL_
 xl/x/ If]q -b]j3f6, tgx'F_
 sf7df8f}Fsf rf/ e~Hofª sf7df8f}Fsf rf/ ljgfos
 ;fFuf-k"j{_ —hnljgfos-rf]ef/_
 kfFrdfg]-klZrd_ —czf]s ljgfos-sf7df8f}F_
 kf6L-pQ/_ —rGb|ljgfos-rfjlxn_
 v/L-blIf0f_ —;"o{ljgfos-eQmk'/_ .
 sf7df8f}Fsf rf/ gf/fo0f — rfFu', Orª\u', ljz+v' / z]if gf/fo0f .
 sf7df8f}Fsf rf/ af/fxL — ah|, w"d, gLn / wgtn]-Zj]t_ af/fxL .
 sf7df8f}Fsf rf/ eujtL —zf]ef, gfnf, knf~rf]s / gS;fn eujtL .
 rf/ j0f{ — a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo / z'b| .
 kz'kltsf kfFrd'v
 tTk'?if -k"j{_
 c3f]/ -blIf0f_
 ;Bf]hft -klZrd_
 jfdg -pQ/_
 dflyNnf] lg/fsf/ d'v -Ozfg_ .
 k~rsGof — clxNof, b|f}kbL, s'GtL, tf/f / dGbf]b/L .
 k~rk'ik — rDkf, cfFk, ;dL, sdn / sg]/ .
 k~rfd[t — ufO{sf] b"w, l3p, bxL, dx / ;Vv/sf] ;ld>0f .
 k~r/Tg — ;'g, lx/f, df]tL, gL/ / kß/fudl0f .
 k~rwft' — ;'g, rfFbL, tfdf, kmnfd / lkQn .
Capsule M gjwft' Ö k~rwft' ± -sfF;, l;;f, r'Das / kf/f]_
:d/0f /xf];\M k~r/Tg / k~rwft' b'j}df kg]{ ;femf wft' …;'gÚ xf] .
 k~rkf08j — o'lwli7/, eLd, ch'{g, gs'n / ;xb]j .
 k~ruAo — ufO{sf] ux'Ft, b"w, bxL, l3p / uf]j/sf] ;ld>0f .
 k~rsd]{Gb|Lo — xft, d'v, v'§f, lbzf ug]{ OlGb|o / lk;fa ug]{ OlGb|o .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 5 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 k~r1fg]Gb|Lo — cfFvf, sfg, gfs, 5fnf / lha|f] .
 k~rfogb]j — u0f]z, ;"o{, b]jL, lzj / lji0f' .
 k~rkNnj — cfFk, 8'd|L, j/, kLkn / kfs/L .
 k~rdxfe"t — k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo' / cfsfz .
 kfFr k|sf/sf cGg — wfg, ltn, d'uL, df; / hf} .
 k~rr? — dGbf/, kfl/hft, ;Gtfg, sNkj[If / xl/rGbg .
 k~rjfo' — k|f0fjfo', ckfgjfo', pbfgjfo', Jofg / ;dfg jfo' .
 k~ranL — /fFuf], e]8f, af]sf], xfF; / s'v'/f .
 k~r]afhf — bdfxf, 6\ofDsf], ;gxL, g/l;+uf / ‰ofnL .
 k~ra'4 — ljkZjL, lzvL, Cs'R5Gb, sgsdl0f / sZok .
 if8\bz{g — j}z]lifs, Gof;, dLdf+zf, ;f+Vo, of]u / j]bfGt .
 if8\/; — u'lnof], cldnf], tLtf], lk/f], 6/f]{ / g'lgnf] .
 if8\ljsf/ — pTklQ, j[l4, afNofj:yf, o'jfj:yf, j[4fj:yf / d[To' .
 j]bsf ^ cË — lzIff, sNk, Jofs/0f, 5Gb, Hof]ltif / lg?Qm .
 dflg;sf ^ zq'x¿ — sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, db / dfT;o{ .
 ;Kt–Clif — uf}td, ef/åfh, ljZjfldq, hdblUg, sZok, jlzi7 / clq .
 ;KtgbL — u+uf, hd'gf, ;/:jtL, uf]bfj/L, gd{bf, l;Gw' / sfj]/L .
 ci6gfu — cgGt, jf;'sL, tIfs, ssf]{6s, kb\d, dxfkb\d, z+v / s'lns .
 ci6lbzf — k"j{,cfUg]o, blIf0f, g}CTo, klZrd, jfoTo, pQ/, Ozfg .
CapsuleM bzlbzf Ö ci6lbzf-*_ ± cfsfz / kftfn-@_
 gj/; — >[Ëf/, xf:o, s?0ff, /f}b|, jL/, eofgs, ljeT;, cb\e"t, zfGt .
 gj/Tg — df]tL, kGgf, dfl0fs, uf]d]b, lx/f, d'uf, nx;'lgof, kb\d/fu, gLnd-gL/_ .
eujfg\ lji0f'sf bz cjtf/
 lxGb" wd{ cjtf/jfbsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t 5 .
 eujfg\ lji0f'sf s"n cjtf/x¿ @$ j6f /x]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] k|d'v j6f o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
;Too'usf $ cjtf/x¿ dT:o, s'd{, j/fx / g/l;+x
q]tfo'usf # cjtf/x¿ jfdg, k/z'/fd / /fd :d/0f /xf];\ M !) cjtf/dWo]–
åfk/o'usf] ! cjtf/ >L s[i0f klxnf] cjtf/ M: dTo
slno'usf @ cjtf/x¿ a'4 / sNsL . clGtd cjtf/ M sNsL
lxGb" wd{;Fu ;DalGwt s]xL dxTjk"0f{ tYox¿
 eujfg\ lji0f'n] xftsf] cf}Fnfdf wf/0f ug]{ cnf}lss xltof/-;'bz{g rqm_df hDdf !)* tLvf r'Rrfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . !)) j6f
cIfDo ck/fw ug]{x¿sf lj?4 dfq of] rqm k|of]u x'g] ub{Yof] . o;sf] lgdf{0f ;"o{sf sflGtsf] s0fx¿sf] k|of]u u/L ljZjsdf{n]
u/]sf lyP .
 eujfg\ lzjsf] lqz"nsf tLgj6f r'Rrfx¿nfO{ sfdgf-Wish_, 1fg-Knowledge_ / sfo{-Action_ sf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf lnOG5 .
lxGb" wd{;Fu ;DalGwt s]xL k|Zgf]Q/x¿
 ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] u|Gy dxfef/tdf slt j6f Znf]s 5g\ < ! nfv Znf]s, #) nfv zAb .
 dxfef/tsf] o'4kZrft\ sf}/jtkm{ $ hgf hLljt /x]sf lyP eg] kf08jtkm{ slt hgf hLljt /x]sf lyP <& hgf
 åfk/o'usf] k|f/De /fhf ljqmdflbTosf] kfnfaf6 ePsf] xf] eg] slno'usf] k|f/De s;sf] kfnfaf6 ePsf] xf] < /fhf k/LlIft
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] dlGb/ s]af6 pTklQ ePsf] dflgG5 < sdnsf] km"n
 sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf hLljt b]jLsf] ¿kdf s;sf] k"hf ul/G5 < s'df/L
 z'edËn tyf l;l4bftf eg]/ s'g b]jtfnfO{ lrlgG5 < u0f]z -:d/0f /xf];\ M …u0f]zaf/Ú eGgfn] dËnaf/nfO{ lrlgG5 ._
 lxGb" wd{df cfof]lgh gf/L eGgfn] s;nfO{ a'lemG5 < ;Ltf / b|f}kbL :d/0f /xf];\ M
 kz'kltnfO{ a'4–d's'6 slxn] klx/fOG5 < sflt{s z'Sn ci6dL of]gLaf6 ghlGdPsfnfO{ cfof]lgh elgG5 .
 j}lbs sfndf o1 ubf{ if6\sf]0f / :jl:ts lrXgsf] k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 ;Ltf hldgd'lgaf6 / b|f}kbL clUgs'08af6
. if6\sf]0fnfO{ s]sf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf lnOG5 < eujfg\ ;/:jtL hGd]sf] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
 j}lbs sfndf k|o'Qm nf]uf]df s'g wft'sf] k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 < tfdf
 CUj]bdf ;a}eGbf a9L s'g b]jtfsf] k|z+;f ul/Psf] 5 < OGb|
 CUj]bdf ;a}eGbf s'g gbLsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 < ;/:jtL gbL
 j}lbs cfo{x¿n] d'Vo ¿kdf s'g afnL nufpFby] < wfg, ux'F / hf} .
 >Ldb\efujt\ uLtf, dxfef/tsf] s'g kj{ cGtu{t kb{5 < eLid kj{ .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 6 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf

 eujfg\ z+s/sf] g[TonfO{ tf08j elgG5 eg] g[To cj:yfnfO{ s'g gfdn] lrlgG5 < g6/fh
 b]jtf / bfgj ldnL ;d'b| dGyg ubf{ lgl:sPsf] ljifsf] gfd s] xf] < sfns'6 ljif - ;[li6 sNof0fsf] nflu To;/L lgl:sPsf]
ljifnfO{ eujfg\ lzjn] lkPsf lyP ._
 lxGb" wdf{g';f/ slt k|sf/sf ljjfxx¿ 5g\ < * k|sf/ .
dg':d[ltdf pNn]v eP cg';f/, ljjfxsf * k|sf/-pTs[i6tfsf lx;fan] qmdfg';f/_
!= a|fXd ljjfx #= cfif{ ljjfx %= cf;'/ ljjfx &= /fIf; ljjfx
@= b}j ljjfx $= k|hfkTo ljjfx ^= uGwj{ ljjfx *= k}zfr ljjfx
 dxfef/tsf kfq w[t/fi6sL cfdf …clDasfÚ x'g\ eg] kf08'sL cfdf sf] x'g\ <cDaflnsf
 lxGb"x¿n] hKg] ufoqL dGqdf s'g b]jtfsf] :t'lt ul/Psf] 5 < ;"o{b]j
 pQ/ lbzfsf b]jtf eg]/ s;nfO{ lrlgG5 < s'j]/
 …j}b]xLÚ s;sf] kf}/fl0fs gfd xf] < ;Ltf
 …kf~rnL, s[i0ff, o1;]gLÚ cflbsf gfdn] s;nfO{ lrlgG5 < b|f}kbL
 b|f}kbLsf] a]OHht u/L ;f/L lvRg]÷tfGg] sf] x'g\< b'zf;g
o :d/0f /xf];\M kf08jx¿n] b'of]{wgl;t h'jfdf xf/]kl5 o'lwli7/n] cfˆg} kTgL b|f}kbLnfO{ klg bfpdf /fV5g\ .
To;df klg xf/]kl5 ;a}sf] cufl8 b'zf;g-b'of]{wgsf] efO_n] b|f}kbLsf] ;f/L lvr]/÷tfg]/ j:qxLg agfpFbf
vf]Hbf eujfg\ >L s[i0fsf] b}jL x:tIf]kn] b|f}kbLsf] OHht hf]luG5 . kl5 o'4 d}bfgdf eLdn] b'zf;gsf] 5ftL
Roft]/ jw ub{5g\ cyf{t\ dfb{5g\ .
 a/fx If]q sxfF kb{5 < — ;'g;/L .
 zfnLu|fdnfO{ s]sf] cjtf/ dflgG5 < — eujfg\ lji0f' .
 cfo{ ;EotfnfO{ csf]{ s'g gfdn] lrlgG5 < — j}lbs ;Eotf .
 ufO{nfO{ s]sf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf lnOG5 < — nIdL .
 sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf Eofu'tf]nfO{ s'g lbg eft v'jfOG5 < — hg} k"l0f{dfsf] lbg -:d/0f /xf];\M u'? k"l0f{dfsf] lbg
Eofu'tfsf] k"hf ul/G5 ._
 ;d'b| dGyg ubf{ lgl:sPsf] ljifnfO{ sfns'6 ljif elgG5 eg] ;d'b| dGygs} qmddf lgl:sPsf] dl0f s'g xf] < — sf}:t'k
dl0f .
 …cNsfk'/LÚ s];Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — s'j]/sf] /fhwfgL .
 sflt{s dlxgfdf afF;sf] 6'Kkfdf em'G8ØfP/ aflng] aQLnfO{ s] elgG5 < — cfsfzbLk .
 dxfef/tsf] o'4df /fhf h/f;Gwn] sf}/jsf] kIfaf6 n8]sf lyP . pgsf] jw s;n] u/]sf lyP < — eLd;]gn] .
 ;LtfnfO{ x/0f u/]kl5 /fj0fn] ;j{k|ydnfO{ s;nfO{ df/]sf lyP < — h6fo' .
 /fdrGb| jgjf; 5Fbf a;]sf] :yfgnfO{ s] elgG5 < — k~rj6L -of] g]kfnsf] nlntk'/l:yt uf]bfj/Ldf kb{5 ._
 a/fxsf] ¿k wf/0f u/L lx/0osZoknfO{ s;n] df/]sf lyP < — eujfg\ lji0f' .
 dxfef/tdf bfgjL/ eGgfn] s;nfO{ a'lemG5 < — s0f{ .
 eujfg\ lji0f'n] klxl/g] j}hoGtL dfnf s'gs'g km"nsf] k|of]u ul/G5 < — hfxL, h'xL, a]nL, dfGbf/ / kfl/hft .
 /fd / ;LtfaLr s:tf] k|sf/sf] ljjfx ePsf] lyof] < — k/fqmd ljjfx .
 lxGb" wd{df Ps dfq O{Zj/ hgfpg] zAb …çÚ xf] eg] Ps dfq O{Zj/ eg]/ s'g b]jtfnfO{ a'lemG5 < — a|Xd .
 g]kfnnfO{ ;To o'udf s] elgGYof] < — ;TojtL .
 q]tf o'udf g]kfnnfO{ tkf]jg elgGYof] eg] åfk/ o'udf g]kfnnfO{ elgGYof] < — d'lQm ;f]kfg .
 eujfg\ lji0f'sf] 5ftLdf clÍt e[u' Clifsf] k}tfnfsf] 5fknfO{ s] elgG5 < — >LjT; .
 z]if gfusf] jf;:yfgnfO{ s] elgG5 < — dl0fd08k .
 ufO{nfO{ nIdLsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf lnOG5 eg] ufO{sf] k'R5/ / b'O{ l;ªnfO{ s]sf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf lnOG5 < — k'R5/nfO{
z]ifgfusf] k|tLs /, b'O{ l;ªnfO{ s'd]? / ;'d]? kj{tsf] k|tLs .
 d~h>Lsf b'O{ zlQm j/bf / df]IfbfnfO{ s]sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 < — nIdL / ;/:jtL .
 …kf/;gfyÚ eg]/ s'g b]jtfnfO{ lrlgG5 < — kz'kltgfy .
 eujfg\ lzjnfO{ lqk'/f/L, /fdnfO{ v/f/L elgG5 eg] >L s[i0fnfO{ eg] elgG5 < — d'/f/L
 b|f}kbL x/0f ug]{ l;Gw' b]zsf /fhf sf] lyP < — hob|w -hf] b'of]{wgsL alxgL b'Mznfsf klt lyP ._
 Clif Jof;sf] cfzLjf{bn] clDasf / cDaflnsfaf6 s–s;sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] < — w[t/fi6« / kf08' .
 cyj{j]bsf cg';f/ OGb|sf] wg' s;n] agfPsf lyP < — cg'
 j[Qf;'/nfO{ dfg{ OGb|n] agfPsf] ah| s]af6 ag]sf] lyof] < — bwLlr Clifsf] xf8af6 .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 7 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf

 w[t/fi6«sf !)) efO 5f]/fdWo] kf08jsf] kIfdf uP/ n8\g] sf] x'g\ < — o'o'T;' .
 OGb|sL cfdfsf] gfd s] xf] < — a;'Gw/f .
 sf}/jsf s'n u'? sf] x'g\ < — s[kfrfo{ .
 b|f}kbLsf bfh'sf] gfd s] xf] < — b|f]0ffrfo{ .
 sf}/jsf dfdf sf] x'g\ < — zs'gL .
 wfld{s u|Gydf j0f{g ul/g] cK;/fx¿ s'g hfltsf x'g\ < — uGwj{ .
 gfux¿sf b]jtf sf] x'g\ < — jf;'sL gfu .
 eujfg\ /fdrGb|n] :yfkgf u/]sf] lzjlnËnfO{ /fd]Zj/ elgG5 eg] xg'dfgn] :yfkgf u/]sf] lzjlnËnfO{ s] elgG5 < —
cg'dlt .
 ;fpg] ;+qmflGtnfO{ …ss{6 ;+qmflGtÚ elgG5 eg] df3] ;+qmflGtnfO{ s] elgG5 < — ds/ ;+qmflGt .
 b]jtfx¿sf u'? j[x:klt x'g\ eg] b}Tox¿sf u'? sf] x'g\ < — z'qmfrfo{ .
 bfgju'? z'qmfrfo{sL kTgLsf] gfd s] xf] < — hoGtL -OGb|sL 5f]/L_ .
 b]jtfx¿sf u'? dflgg] j[x:kltsf afa' sf] x'g\ < — clª\u/f Clif-dftf ;'lgkf jf >4f_ .
 dxlif{ j]bJof;nfO{ csf]{ s'g gfdn] lrlgG5 < — å}kfog .
 j]bJof;sf dftf–lktf sf] x'g\ < — dT:ouGwf-;TojtL_ / k/f;/ Clif .
 dxfb]jsf tLg g]qn] s]s] hgfpFb5g\ < — rGb|, ;"o{ / clUg .
 z]ifgfunfO{ ========= klg elgG5 . — cgGt .
 q]tfo'udf hgsk'/nfO{ s] elgGYof] < — ldlynf .
 xg'dfgsf 5f]/fsf] gfd s] xf] < — ds/Wjh .
 eujfg\ /fdrGb|sf] lgjf;nfO{ ========= elgG5 . — ;fs]t .
 If]qLox¿sf] gfz ub}{ lx+8\g] sf] x'g\ < — k/z'/fd-logL Clif hdblUg / /]0f'sfsf 5f]/f x'g\ hf] eujfg\ lji0f'sf 5}7f}F
cjtf/ klg x'g\ ._
 bfgjsf u'? z'qmfrfo{ s;sf 5f]/f x'g\ < — e[u' Clif -e[u' Clifs} >fksf] sf/0f a|Xdsf] k"hf x'Fb}g ._
 9'08L/fh s'g b]jtfsf] pkgfd xf] < — u0f]z .
 /fdfo0fdf /fdrGb|sf] hGd ePsf] k|;Ë s'g sf08df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 < — afnsf08 .
 w[t/fi6« / kf08'sf lktf sf] x'g\ < — ljlrqjLo{ .
 b]jtfsf j}B sf] x'g\ < — clZjgLs'df/ .
 …k~rdj]bÚ eGgfn] s'g wfld{s u|GynfO{ a'lemG5 < — dxfef/t .
 dftftLy{ cf}F;L, h;nfO{ cfdfsf] d'v x]g]{ lbg klg elgG5, j}zfv s[i0f cf}F;Lsf] lbg kb{5 eg] s'z] cf}F;L-afa'sf] d'v
x]g]{ lbg_ slxn] kb{5 < — efb|s[i0f cf}F;L .
 cfiff9 z'Sn PsfbzLnfO{ ====== klg elgG5 . —
 sflt{s z'Sn PsfbzLnfO{ ========= klg elgG5 . — xl/af]lwgL PsfbzL .
 s[i0fn] dfdf s+znfO{ df/]kl5 dy'/fsf /fhf sf] ePsf lyP < — pu|;]g .
 /fdn] /fj0fnfO{ df/]kl5 n+sfsf] /fhf sf] ePsf lyP < — ljeLif0f-/fj0fsf efO_ .
 /fj0fn] ;LtfnfO{ x/0f u/]/ /fv]sf] 7fpFnfO{ s] elgG5 < — czf]s jfl6sf .
 /fdsL alxgL sf] x'g\ < — zflGt .
 /fdfo0fsfndf ef/t / >LnÍf hf]8\g] k'nsf] gfd s] xf] < —cfbd k'n .
 cGwf w[t/fi6«nfO{ dxfef/tsf] o'4sf] j0f{g ;'gfpg] sf] x'g\ < — ;~ho .
 OGb|sf] jfxg …P]/fjtÚ em}F OGb|sf] 3f]8fsf] gfd s] xf] < — pRr}>jf .
 sf}/jsf dfdf zs'gLsf] jw-dfg]{ sfd_ s;n] u/]sf lyP < — ;xb]j .
 ;fw' ;Gtn] afNg] clUgnfO{ s] elgG5 < — w'gL .
 lji0f'tLy{sf gfdn] lrlgg] /fgLkf]v/Ldf s;sf] d"lt{ lj/fhdfg 5 < — hn]Zj/ dxfb]j .
 lax]sf] a]nf b'nxf tyf b'nxL Pscsf{nfO{ v'jfpg] l3p, lrgL ld;fO{ agfOPsf] vfg] s'/fnfO{ s] elgG5 < — dfx'/ .
 jlzi6 Clif s;sf 5f]/f lyP < — cK;/f-pj{zL_ .
 jlzi6 Clifsf] hGd j]Zofaf6, ef/åfhsf] hGd z'lb|gLaf6 ePsf] lyof] eg] Jof;sf] hGd sf]af6 ePsf] lyof] < —
dT:ouGwf-cyf{t\ dfemLsL 5f]/L_ .
 ljBfsL b]jL ;/:jtLnfO{ dg kg]{ /ª s'g xf] < — ;]tf] .
 cfˆgf afa'nfO{ ;k{n] 6f]s]/ d[To' ePkl5 ;Dk"0f{ ;k{ hfltnfO{ df5'{ egL ;==== o1 ug]{ kf}/fl0fs /fhf sf] x'g\ < —
hGd]ho .
 kj{tx¿sf /fhf cyf{t\ kj{tf/L eg]/ s;nfO{ elgG5 < — OGb| .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 8 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf

 jf;'b]j / /f]lx0fLsf k'q an/fd, hf] s[i0fsf bfh' lyP,nfO{ s]sf] cjtf/ dflgG5 < — z]ifgfu .
 c1ft jf;df /xFbf o'lwli7/sf] gfd …sª\sÚ lyof] eg] eLdsf] gfd s] lyof] < — jNne .
 c1ft jf;df /xFbf ch'{gsf] gfd …j[[xGgnfÚ lyof] gs'nsf] gfd …u|flGysÚ lyof] . ;xb]jsf] gfd s] lyof] < — tlGqkfn .
 kf}/fl0fs o'usf dxfg\ cfljisf/stf{ tyf lzNkzf:qsf dd{1 dflgg] ljZjsdf{sL kTgL sf] x'g\ < — /rgf .
 lxGb" b]jLb]jtfx¿sf] jf;:yfg ePsf] kj{t eg]/ s'g kj{tnfO{ lrlgG5 < — ;'d]? kj{t .
 lxGb" Clifx¿sf] jf;:yfg ePsf] kj{t eg]/ s'g kj{tnfO{ lrlgG5 < — ljGWofrn kj{t .
 dxfd'lg j]bJof;nfO{ s;sf] cjtf/ dflgG5 < — eujfg\ lji0f' .
 h'Fuf ePsf] dxfb]jsf] d"lt{ g]kfnsf] s'g 7fpFdf /x]sf] 5 < — g]kfnu~h-afFs]_, afu]Zj/L dlGb/df .
 /fhf k/LlIftnfO{ ;j{k|yd >Ldb\efujt uLtfsf] 1fg s;n] lbPsf lyP < — ;'sb]j .
 eujfg\ lzjsf] lz/df ubf k|xf/ ug]{ b}To sf] xf] < — cGws .
 …cfs{ kIfÚ / …s'df/tGqÚ gfds k':ts s;n] /rgf u/]sf x'g\ < — bzfgGb /fj0f .
 dxfef/tdf j0f{g ul/Psf] OGb|k|:y zx/ xfnsf] s'g 7fpFdf kb{5 < — gofFlbNnL .
 cl3Nnf] hGddf :qL / kl5Nnf] hGddf k'?if ePsf] dflgg] dxfef/tsf kfq sf] x'g\ < — lzv08L-dxfef/tsf] o'4df ch'{g /
eLidlktfaLr jf0fsf] o'4 rNbf lzv08L cfO{ ch'{gsf] cufl8 pleG5g\ h;nfO{ b]v]/ eLidlktfn] jf0f rnfpFb}gg\ . To;}sf] df}sf
5f]k]/ >Ls[i0fn] ch'{gnfO{ jf0f rnfpg cfu|x ub{5g\ . ch'{gsf] jf0f k|xf/af6 eLidlktfsf] jw x'G5 .+_
 dxfef/tsf] o'4 s'?If]qdf ePsf] lyof] . s'?If]q ef/tsf] ====== /fHocGtu{t kb{5 . — xl/o0ff .
 r}q/y eg]sf] s] xf] < — s'j]/sf] ju}Frf .
 /fj0fsL alxgLsf] gfd s] xf] h;sf] nId0fn] gfs sfl6lbPsf lyP < — ;'k0f{vf .
 b|f]0ffrfo{ / s[kfrfo{aLr s:tf] gftf lyof] < — legfh'-b|f]0ffrfo{_ / ;fnf-s[kfrfo{_ .
 xg'dfgsf lktf kjg x'g\ eg] dftf sf] x'g\ < — c~hnL .
 d':tfª lhNnfl:yt d'lQmgfydf slt j6f uf}d'vL wf/fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ < — !)* j6f .
 eujfg\ lji0f'sf 5}7f}F cjtf/ k/z'/fd x'g\ eg] ;ftf}F cjtf/ sf] x'g\ < — eujfg\ /fdrGb| .
 /fhf hgsn] xnf] hf]Tbf h'jfdf sfFw yfKg] b'O{ hgf sf]sf] ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 < — dxf/fgL ;'gogf / /fhkl08t
ztfgGb .
 j]bJof;sL kTgLsf] gfd s] xf] < — lkËnf .
 w[t/fi6«sf ;f/yL sf] lyP h;n] dxfef/tsf] o'4sf] j0f{g w[t/fi6«nfO{ ;'gfPsf lyP < — ;~ho .
 eujfg\ /fdsf dLt sf] lyP < — ;'u|Lj .
 OGb|sf 5f]/fsf] gfd s] xf] < — hoGt .
 …lrqfËbfÚ sf] x'g\ < — ch'{gsL kTgL-b|f}kbL klg ch'{gsL >LdtL x'g\ ._ .
lxGb" wd{sf] ;DaGwdf s]xL ljåfg\x¿sf] egfO
 æcfw'lgs lj1fgdf xfdLn] h]–h] pknlAw xfl;n ub{5f}F, tL ;a} lxGb"sf] k|frLg u|Gy j]bsf] cfwf/df xf] .Æ — h'lno; cf/ cfk]g
x]d/-kmfb/ ckm lb P6f]lds ad_
 ælxGb"x¿sf] if8\bz{g ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] / cfw'lgs o'usf] pQd bz{g xf] .Æ — hd{g ljåfg\ DofS; d'n/
 æWithout Bhrigu, there would not be Science and Mathematics in the world.-e[u' lyPgg\ eg] ;+;f/df lj1fg /
ul0ft x'g] lyPg .Æ —cNa6{ cfOG:6fOg
(Source: [Link]
af}4 wd{
ælha|f] Pp6f o:tf] 5'/L xf] h;n] /ut glgsfnLsg sf6\g ;Sb5 .Æ — uf}td a'4
 af}4 wd{sf k|jt{s uf}td a'4 x'g\ .
 uf}td a'4sf] afNosfnsf] gfd l;4fy{ uf}td xf] .
 a'4sf] hGd g]kfnsf] n'lDagLdf O=k"= %^# sf] j}zfv z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf] lbg ePsf] xf] .
 pgL lktf z'4f]wg / dftf dfofb]jLsf] sf]vaf6 hlGdPsf x'g\ .
 a'4 hGdg] ljlQs} & kfOnf lx+8]sf lyP eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 . To:t} a'4 hGd]sf] & ;ft lbgkZrft\ pgsL cfdfsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof]
 cfdfsf] lgwgkl5 ePkl5 ;f}t]gL cfdf …k|hfktLÚaf6 pgsf] kfngkf]if0f ePsf] xf] .
 af}4 wd{sf] k|d'v wfld{s u|Gy lqlk6s xf] .
 af}4 wd{sf] wfld{s:ynnfO{ u'Daf, ljxf/, :t"k elgG5 .
 l;4fy{ uf}tdsf] gfdfs/0f ug]{ a]nf * hgf Hof]ltifx¿ e]nf ePsf lyP . tLdWo] & hgf- /fd, nId0f, wgh, ef]h, dGtL, ;'ofd,
;'bGt _ Hof]ltifn] b'O{j6f cf}Fnf 78\ofP/ afns-l;4fy{ uf}td_ rqmjtL{ /fhf aGg] ;+s]t u/]sf lyP eg] Hof]ltif …sf}l08NoÚn] Ps
cf}Fnf dfq 78\ofP/ afns ;jf{y{ l;4 ug]{ a'4 aGg] 7s'jf u/]sf lyP .
 …uf}tdÚ sf] cy{ …pQd ufO{Ú xf] eg] …z'4f]wgÚ sf] cy{ s] xf] < — kljq eft .
 /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)^* cg';f/ g]kfndf af}4 wdf{jnDaLsf] ;+Vof (Ü /x]sf] 5 .
 uf}td a'4n] slt jif{sf] pd]/df 1fgsf] vf]hLdf u[xTofu u/]sf lyP < — @( jif{
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 9 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf

Capsule: g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf sfG5f] k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf h+u axfb'/ /f0ff klg @( jif{s} pd]/df
k|wfgdGqL ePsf lyP .
 uf}td a'4n] slt jif{sf] pd]/df cfˆgf] /fhu[x Tofu u/]sf lyP < — #% jif{
Capsule: ;a}eGbf sd pd]/df k|wfgdGqL x'g] d'l:nd dlxnf a]glh/ e'§f] klg #% jif{s} pd]/df k|wfgdGqL ePsL lyOg\ .
 uf}td a'4nfO{ slxn] / sxfF 1fg k|fKt ePsf] xf] < — j}zfv z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf] lbg ef/tsf] ljxf/df kg]{ jf]wuof eGg] :yfgdf .
 uf}td a'4sL lblbsf] gfd gGbs'df/L lyof] eg] efOsf] gfd s] lyof] < gGbs'df/
 uf}td a'4sL kTgLsf] gfd ozf]w/f-uf]kf _ xf] eg] 5f]/fsf] gfd s] xf] < /fx'n
 eujfg\ a'4n] s'g gbLsf] lsgf/df a;]/ tk:of u/L a'4Tj k|fKt u/]sf lyP < — lg/~hgf gbLsf] lsgf/df af]wLj[Ifd'lg a;]/ .
 eujfg uf}tda'4n] 1fg k|fKtu/]kl5 klxnf]k6s cfkm\gf] /fHodf cfpbf pgsf lktf z'4f]bg;+u e]6]sf] :yfg s'g xf]<lgu|f]wf/d- s'bfg
 uf}td a'4n] 1fg k|fKt u/]kl5 s;n] tof/ u/]sf] lv/ u|x0f u/]sf lyP< ;'hftf, ;'lhtf
 uf}td a'4n] 1fg k|fKt u/]kl5 k|ydk6s % hgf cg'ofoLx?nfO{ k|jrg lbPsf lyP, h;nfO{ s] elgG5 < wd{rqm kjt{g
 eujfg\ a'4n] nufpg] u]? j:qnfO{ s] elgG5 < — lrj/
 uf}td a'4n] sf];+u lrj/ ;f6]sf] ljZjf; ul/Gf5< dxfsfZok – -uf}td a'4sf cg'ofoL_ :d/0f /xf]; log} dxfsfZokn] uf}td a'4sf]
dxfkl/lgjf{0fdf bfuaQL lbPsf lyP .
 uf}td a'4sf] s"n zfSo xf] eg] uf]q s'g xf] < — uf}td
 uf}td a'4sf] ;f/yLsf] gfd …rGbs / 5GbsÚ xf] eg] pgsf] 3f]8fsf] gfd s] xf] < — sGys
 eujfg uf}td a'4n] clGtd k6s pkb]z lbPsf] 7fp s'g xf] < a}zfnL
 eujfg uf}td a'4n] a'4 wd{, rf/ cfo{ ;To, ci6f+uLs dfu{sf] bLIff lbg k6s k6s e|d0f u/]sf] 7fp s'g xf] < sf];fDaL
 af}4 wd{sf] wd{u|Gy …lqlk6sÚdf s]s] kb{5g\ <
 z'lQm lk6s M o;df a'4sf pkb]zx¿ kb{5g\ .
 ljgo lk6s M o;df leIf'lelIf0fLn] kfng ug'{kg]{ lgod kb{5g\ .
 clewDd lk6s M o;df a'4 bz{gx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
af}4 wd{sf lq/Tg
s'g} JolQmn] a'4 wd{ / bz{gnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]kl5 ckgfpg'kg]{ cfrf/–;+lxtfnfO{ lq/Tg elgG5 .
 a'4+ z/0f+ uR5fld M a'4nfO{ cfbz{ dfg]/ hLjgk4ltnfO{ cg'z/0f .
 wDd+ z/0f+ uR5fld M rf/ cfo{;To / cfi6flËs dfu{ cg'z/0f .
 ;‹+ z/0f+ uR5fld M a'4 wd{df nfu]kl5 ;f+;fl/s hLjg TofuL ;+3df k|j]z u/L ;+3sf] cfrf/–
;+lxtf kfngf ug'{ / cfTdz'l4 lgjf{0ftkm{ pGd'v x'g' .
a'4n] kQf nufPsf rf/ cfo{x¿
! ;+;f/df b'Mv 5 .
@ b'Mvsf] sf/0f 5 . -t[i0ff_
# b'Mv lgjf/0f ;Dej 5 .
$ b'Mv lgjf/0fsf pkfox¿ 5g\ . -cfi6flËs dfu{_

b'Mv lgjf/0fsf pkfox¿ -cfi6flËs dfu{_

!= ;Dos b[li6 M rf/ cfo{;To a'‰g' .
@= ;Dos jfrf M s7f]/ zAb gaf]Ng' .
#= ;Dos sd{ M a'4 wd{sf k~rzLnx¿sf] kfngf ug'{ .
$= ;Dos hLjg M plrt Joj;fo jf k]zf ckgfP/ hLljsf]kfh{g ug'{ .
%= ;Dos Jood\ M g/fd|f] jf cfkm"nfO{ ktg u/fpg] kfk sfo{af6 6f9f /xg' .
^= ;Dos ;+sNk M dgdf cg'lrt ljrf/ g/fVg' .
&= ;Dos Psfu|tf M k|To]s sfo{df Psfu|tf .
*= ;Dos ;dflw M cfzf, 8fx, O{iof, cN5L, r~rntf / cgfjZos z+sfnfO{ bdg ug'{, 5]bg ug'{ . a'4sf % j6f /Ëx¿
af}4sf % zLnx¿cGtu{t s]s] kb{5g\ <
! ;To em'6f] s'/f slxNo} gaf]Ng' .
@ clx+;f lx+;f slxNo} gug'{ . ! lgnf] a'4sf] z/L/
# c:t]o Rff]/L slxNo} gug'{ . @ /ftf] a'4sf] /ut
$ k/:qLudg lgif]w a|Xdrfo{df /xg' . # ;]tf] a'4sf] bfFt
% dB lgif]w dBkfg gug'{ . $ kx]+n] a'4sf] cl:ywft'
% sn]hL a'4sf] cGtM:s/0f

! n'lDagL a'4sf] hGd:yn

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 10 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
s'g af}4 dxfljxf/x¿ sxfF–sxfF 5g\ < @ af]wuof a'4n] a'4Tj k|fKt u/]sf] :yfg
a'4 bz{gsf $ wfd # ;f/gfy a'4n] k|yd k6s pkb]z lbPsf] :yfg
:joDe"gfy dxfljxf/ g]kfn $ s'lzgu/ a'4sf] b]xfj;fg-dxfkl/lgjf{0f_ ePsf] :yfg
ljqmdlznf dxfljxf/ Eff/t
tIflznf dxfljxf/ Kffls:tfg
:j0f{lznf dxfljxf/ yfONof08
tfd|lznf dxfljxf/ >Ln+sf
lqlk6s dxfljxf/ ltAat-rLg_
-:d/0f /xf];\ M a'4n] clGtd k6s pkb]z lbPsf] :yfg j}zfnL xf] ._
n'lDagL tyf af}4 wd{;DaGwL ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L
a'4sf] hGd:yn n'lDagL xf] egL kQf nufpg] JolQm sf] x'g \ < — PG6f]g ˆo"x//, hd{gL
ˆo"x//n] n'lDagL slxn] kQf nufPsf x'g\ < — ;g\ !*(^-lj=;+= !(%@_
n'lDagL ljsf; u'?of]hgf s;n] tof/ u/]sf x'g\ < — k|f]= s]Ghf] 6fª\u-] hfkfgsf k|l;4 jf:t'ljb\, ;g\ !(&* df_
s;sf] cg'/f]wdf rGb| zdz]/n] n'lDagLdf sf6df/ lgif]w u/]sf lyP < — hfkfgL leIf' sfjfu'rL .
n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < — ;g\ !(*% -:d/0f /xf];\M ;fs{sf] :yfkgf klg ;g\ !(*% df g} ePsf] xf] ._
;g\ !(&) df ul7t n'lDagL cGt//fli6«o ljsf; ;ldltdf xfn slt b]z ;xefuL /x]sf 5g\ < — !^
Capsule: Package Deal df klg !^ j6f b]z g} kb{5g\ .
 g]kfn ;/sf/n] n'lDagL e|d0f jif{ slxn] dgfPsf] xf] < — ;g\ @)!@
 k|yd ljZj af}4 lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;g\ @))!df xf] eg] tflnjfgn] cd]l/sfsf] Twin Tower ;g\ @))! df g} Wj:t kf/]sf] lyof] .
 bf];|f] ljZj af}4 lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;g\ @))$ df ePsf] xf] . o; ;Dd]ngn] n'lDagLnfO{ …ljZj zflGt zx/Ú 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] . -:d/0f
/xf];\M g]kfnn]BIMSTEC sf] ;b:otf klg ;g\ @))$ df g} lnPsf] xf] ._
 lj=;+= @)&% ;fndf dgfOPsf] a'4 hoGtL slt cf}F xf] < — @%^@ cf}F -:d/0f /xf];\M hgu0fgf, @)^* cg';f/ eQmk'/ lhNnfsf]
hg3gTj @%^) hgf÷j=ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 ._
 a'4n] /fhu[x Tofu u/]sf] cj:yfnfO{ s] elgG5 < — dxflgleis/0f .
 a'4n] b]xTofu u/]sf] cj:yfnfO{ s] elgG5 < — dxfkl/lgjf{0f .
 uf}td a'4sf] d[To' kZrft n]lvPsf] u|Gy s'g xf] < d'n;j{:tLljgo
 uf}td a'4n] lbPsf] k|yd pkb]znfO{ s] elgG5< wd{rqm kjt{g
 ljZj af}4 ;+3sf] k|wfg sfof{no s'g :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 < yfONof08
 af}4 leIf'x?sf] ;+3nfO{ s] elgG5 < sfo
 zfSox¿n] zf;g ug]{ a]nf zfSo /fHosf] /fhwfgL sxfF lyof] < — ltnf}/fsf]6-slknj:t'_ .
 uf}td a'4sf] lgwgkZrft\ pgsf] cl:ywft' s'zLgu/af6 /fhu[x Nofpg slt ;do nfu]sf] xf] < — & jif{, & dlxgf, & lbg .
 xfnsf !$ cf}F bnfO{ nfdf sf] x'g\ < — t]lGhg UofT;f]-;g\ !(%) b]lv_ .
 uf}td a'4 a:g] s'6LnfO{ s] elgG5 < — uGws'6L .
 "My Land My People" gfds k':tssf n]vs sf] x'g\ < — bnfO{ nfdf .
 rLg hfg] k|yd af}4 leIf' sf] x'g\ < — a'4eb| .
 af]lw;Tjsf] cjtf/ dflgg] lnR5jL /fhf sf] x'g\ < — c+z'jdf{ .
 uf}td a'4sf] d[To' slt jif{sf] pd]/df ePsf] lyof] < — *) jif{ .
 uf}td a'4n] cfˆgf pkb]z s'g efiffdf lbGy] < — kfnL efiff .
 eujfg\ a'4sf] d[To'kZrft\ a'4 wd{sf] af/]df n]lvPsf] k|yd u||Gy s'g xf] < — d"n;jf{l:tljgo .
 a'4sf] dfjnL ufpF s'g xf] < — /fdu|fd -:d/0f /xf];\M /fd jgjf; uPkl5 e/tn] rf}w jif{;Dd a;]/ /fHo u/]sf] 7fpF …glGbu|fdÚ xf] ._
 a'4 wd{df wgsL b]jL s;nfO{ elgG5 < — ozf]w/f .
 k'isl/0fL / l;4fy{ gfdsf kf]v/Lx¿ sxfF /x]sf 5g\ < — n'lDagL .
O:nfd wd{
 O:nfd wd{sf k|jt{s k}uDa/ dxDdb x'g\ .
 k}uDa/ dxDdbsf] hGd ;g\ %&) df ;fpbL c/asf] dSsfdf ePsf] xf] eg] pgsf] d[To' ;g\ ^#@ h"g * df dlbgf eGg]
:yfgdf ePsf] xf] .
 k}uDa/ df]xdbsf lktfsf] gfd cab'Nnf xf] eg] cfdfsf] gfd cldgf xf] .
 k}uDa/nfO{ cNnfxsf /;'n-b"t_sf ¿kdf lnOG5 .
 O:nfd wd{sf] wd{u|GynfO{ s'/fg elgG5 .
 s'/fgdf hDdf !!$ j6f cWofo 5g\ .
 s'/fgnfO{ d';ndfgx¿n] cNnfxsf] jf0fLsf] ¿kdf lnG5g\ .
 O:nfd wd{sf Ps dfq O{Zj/ g} cNnfx x'g\ .
 d';ndfgx¿sf] kljq wfld{s:ynnfO{ dl:hb elgG5 . o; wd{df d"lt{ k"hfsf] rng 5}g .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 11 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 ;Sg]n] c;xfo Pj+ ul/au'?jfnfO{ hsft-bfg_ lbg'kg]{ dfGotf g} O:nfd wd{sf] ;f/ xf] .
 lj=;+= @)^* sf] hgu0fgfg';f/ g]kfndf O:nfd wdf{jnDaLsf] ;+Vof $=$Ü 5 . To:t} g]kfndf d';ndfgsf] ;+Vof klg s"n
hg;+Vofsf] $=$Ü g} /x]sf] 5 .
 d';ndfgx¿sf] d'Vo tLy{:ynx¿ s'gs'g x'g\ < — dSsf / dlbgf .
 dSsf–dlbgfsf] tLy{ofqf ug'{nfO{ s] elgG5 < — xh-tLy{ofqLnfO{ …xfhLÚ elgG5 ._
 xh slxn] ul/G5 < — lxh/L ;Djt\sf] !@ cf}F dlxgf cyf{t\ lhNxHhfdf .
 O:nfd wd{sf b'O{ ;Dk|bfox¿ s]s] x'g\ < — ;'GgL / l;of .
 d';ndfgx¿n] lbgdf slt k6s gdfh-k||fy{gf_ ub{5g\ < — % k6s .
:d/0f /xf];\ M gdfhsf ljleGg kfFr gfdx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\M–
k|ftsfnsf]—kmhL/
;GWofsfnsf]—eu/Lj÷du/Lj
dWofGxsf]—hf]x/
lbpF;f] tLg ah]lt/sf]—c;|
a]n'sfsf]—O;f
 gdfh k9\bf a:g] cf;gnfO{ s] elgG5 < hfgdfq
 gdfh k9\g'eGbf cl3 cfkm'nfO{ ;'4 ug]{ sfdnfO{ s] elgG5 < ah' - o; cGt{ut # k6s d'v s'Nnf ul/G5, # k6s xft
wf]OG5 , kfgLn] s]z jf lz/ z]rg ul/G5 / clGtddf v'6\6f kvflnG5
 d'l:nd dlxnfx?4f/f ul/g] gdfh kf7 jf k"hfnfO{ tjs elgG5 .
 d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] a}aflxs k/Dk/f jf /Lltl/jfhnfO{ lgsfxf elgG5 .
 O:nfd wd{sf] d'n dGqnfO{ sndf elgG5 .
 ;"of]{bob]lv ;"of{:t;Dd vfgf gvfg' / nf]Ug]–:jf:gLaLr zf/Ll/s ;Dks{ j|te/ g/fVg'nfO{ s] elgG5 < — /f]hfj|t
 lxh/L ;Djt\sf] k|f/De s;/L ePsf] dflgG5 < – k}uDa/ dxDdb cfˆgf] Hofgsf] c;'/Iffsf] sf/0fn] dSsfaf6 efu]/ dlbgf
uPsf] ;fnb]lv pgsf cg'ofoLx¿n] lxh/L ;+jt\ rnfPsf] dflgG5 .
 k}uDa/nfO{ d[To'kZrft\ sxfF ;dflw:y ul/Psf] 5 < — dlbgfsf] dl:hb] ga'O{df .
 dSsf–dlbgf k'Ug] k|yd u}/–d'l:nd JolQm sf] x'g\ < — u'? gfgs-xfn dSsf–dlbgfdf u}/–d'l:ndnfO{ k|j]z lgif]w 5 ._
 d';ndfgx¿sf] d'Vo rf8x¿ s]s] x'g\ < — Ob / as/Lb .
 d';ndfg gf/Lx¿n] lz/b]lv kfp;Dd 5f]Kg] u/L nufpg] sfnf] sk8fnfO{ s] elgG5 < — a'sf{
 d'l:nd wd{df ;Sg]n] c;xfo Pj+ ul/au'?nfO{ bfg lbg'kg]{ afWofTds lgodnfO{ s] elgG5 < — hsft -cfˆgf] cfDbfgLsf]
@=%Ü lx:;f hsft jf bfg lbg'kg]{ lgod 5 ._
 Ob slxn] dgfOG5 < — lxh/L ;Djt\sf] gjf}+ dlxgf cyf{t\ /dhfg dlxgf el/ .
 æs'af{gÆ eg]sf] s] xf] < — O:nfd wd{df kz'sf] anL lbg] k|yf .
 dl:hbdf lz/n] e'O{+ 5f]P/ k|fy{gf ug]{ sfo{nfO{ s] elgG5 < – l;hbf
 >Ldfg–>LdtLaLr ;DaGw ljR5]b ug'{nfO{ d'l:nd ;d'bfodf s] elgG5 < — tnfs-# k6s;Dd …tnfsÚ zAb pRrf/0f u/]df
;DaGw ljR5]b x'g] rng 5 ._
O;fO{÷lqml:rog wd{
 O;fO{÷lqml:rog wd{sf k|jt{s lh;; qmfO:6 x'g\ .
 qmfO:6sf] hGdsf] ;DaGwdf afOandf cflwsfl/s ldlt lbOPsf] kfOFb}g . oBlk ljljw tYo tyf k|df0fx¿sf] cfFsng ubf{ pgsf]
hGd $–^ O=k"= sf] l8;]Da/ @% df ePsf] dfGotf 5 .
 pgsf] d[To' ;g\ #) df ePsf] dflgG5 .
 lktf hf];]km / dftf d]/Lsf] sf]vaf6 qmfO:6sf] hGd Oh/fonsf] h]?;]nddf ePsf] xf] .
 O;fO{x¿sf] kljq wd{u|Gy …afOanÚ xf] .
 O;fO{x¿sf] kljq wfld{s :ynnfO{ rr{ jf luhf{3/ elgG5 .
 æcfkm"nfO{ bLgxLg ;Demg gx'g] / nf]e ug{ gx'g]Æ s'/f g} afOansf] ;f/ xf] .
 hgu0fgf, @)^* sf] cg';f/ g]kfndf O;fO{ wd{ dfGg]x¿ !=$Ü /x]sf 5g\ .
 qmfO:6nfO{ d[To'b08 s;n] lbPsf] xf] < — x]/f]N8 PlG6k;-tTsfnLg Kofn]:6fOgsf zf;s_ pgsf r]nf h'8f;n] s]xL l;Ssfsf]
nf]edf ;'/fsL u/]sf .
 qmfO:6nfO{ lsnfdf qm; 7f]s]/ d[To'b08 lbOPsf] $ lbgkl5 pgL k'ghL{ljt ePsf] ljZjf; 5 .
 'Bible' sf] cy{ s] xf] < — Book-k':ts_
 afOannfO{ slt efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 < — @ efu .
 Old Testament df dflg;x¿k|lt eujfg\sf] :g]xsf] af/]df pNn]v 5 .
 New Testament qmfO:6sf] hLjgL tyf pkb]zx¿ pNn]v 5g\ .
 afOansf] klxnf] a's Genesis-pTklQ_ xf] eg] clGtd a's s'g xf] < — Revelation-k|sfz_
 lqml:rogx¿ d'Vo rf8 s'g xf] < — Christmas

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 12 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 qmfO:6sf] hGdlbgsf] ;Demgfdf x/]s jif{sf] December@% sf] lbgb]lv gofFjif{ k|f/De x'Fbf;Dd dgfOg] kj{ .
 BC sf] k"0f{–¿k Before Christ xf] eg] AD sf] k"0f{–¿k s] xf] < — Anno Domini
 lh;; qmfO:6sf] d[To'sf] ;Demgf ug]{ lbgnfO{ s] elgG5 < — Good Friday
 O;fO{ tyf ox'bLx¿sf] wfld{s d08nLnfO{ s] elgG5 < — snl;of
 /f]]dg Sofyf]lns ;Dk|bfosf k|wfgnfO{ wd{u'?nfO{ s] elgG5 < — kf]k -kf]k, ;]G6lk6;{ rr{-Eofl6sg l;6L_df a:b5g\ ._
 ;]G6 lk6;{ rr{sf wd{u'? aGg] klxnf] u}/–o'/f]k]nL JolQm sf] x'g\ < — xfnsf wd{u'? kf]k km|flG;; -pgL ch]{lG6gfsf x'g\ ._
h}g wd{
 h}g wd{sf k|jt{s dxfjL/ h}g x'g\ .
 eujfg\ lji0f'sf @$ cjtf/dWo] dxfjL/ h}gnfO{ * cf}+ cjtf/sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 .
 dxfjL/ h}gsf] hGd g]kfnsf] hgsk'/-%((–%@^ O;fk"j{_df ePsf] xf] .
 h}g wd{sf] wfld{s u|GynfO{ jrgfd[t elgG5 h'g k|fs[t lnkLdf n]lvPsf] 5 .
 h}g wd{sf] wfld{s:ynnfO{ clUgdlGb/ elgG5 .
 kljqtf, ;t\rl/q tyf clx+;f g} h}g wd{sf] d"n;f/ xf] .
 k|yd h}g u'? Cifeb]j x'g\ eg] clGtd h}g u'? dxfjL/ x'g\ .
 h}g wd{sf d'Vo b'O{ ;Dk|bfox¿ s]s] x'g\ <
 Zj]tfDa/ M ;]tfj:qwf/L cyf{t\ ;]tf sk8f nufpg] .
 lbuDa/ M o;df b]jtf / ;Gtx¿nfO{ gUg ¿kdf k|:t't ul/G5 .
 lj=;+= @)^* sf] hgu0fgfg';f/ g]kfndf #@!$ hgf cyf{t \ )=)!Ü h}g wdf{jnDaL /x]sf 5g\ .
lzv wd{
 lzv wd{sf k|jt{s u'? gfgs x'g\ .
 u'? gfgssf] hGd xfnsf] kfls:tfgsf] k~hfa k|fGtdf ePsf] xf] .
 logLx¿sf] wfld{s u|GynfO{ …u'?u|Gy ;flxaÚ elgG5 .
 logLx¿sf] wfld{s:ynnfO{ u'?åf/ elgG5 .
 lzvx¿sf] kljq k+IfL afh xf] .
 lzv wd{n] d'VotM clx+;f, ;Tsd{, ;Tsfo{ tyf k/f]ksf/nfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
 @)^* sf] hgu0fgfg';f/ g]kfndf lzv wdf{jnDaLsf] ;+Vof ^)( cyf{t \ )=))@Ü /x]sf] 5 .
ljljw wd{x¿sf] af/]df ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L
wd{ k|jt{s wd{u|Gy wfld{s:yn
lxGb" Clifd'lgx¿ j]b, k'/f0f, uLtf, pklgifb\, dxfef/t dlGb/
af}4 uf}td a'4 lqlk6s u'Daf, ljxf/, :t"k
O:nfd k}uDa/ dxDdb s'/fg dl:hb
O;fO{ lh;; qmfO:6 afOan rr{÷luhf{3/
ls/ft dxfu'? kmfNu'gGb d'Gw'd ls/ft]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/
h}g dxfjL/ h}g jrgfd[t clUgdlGb/
lzv u'? gfgs u'?u|Gy ;flax u'?åf/f
ox'bL xh/t d';f s}jfnf lzgfuu
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ hfqfx¿
ufO{hfqf
 sxfFM sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf .
 slxn]M efb|s[i0f k|ltkbfb]lv & lbg;Dd .
 lsgM 5f]/f rqmjt]{Gb| dNnsf] lgwg ePkl5 zf]sfs'n ag]sL /fgLnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbO{ v';L kfg{ klxnf] k6s ufO{hfqfsf] cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] / o;kZrft\ /fgLsf] zf]sx/0f ePsf] ls+jbGtL 5 .
 s;n]M /fhf k|tfk dNnn] . cfˆgf] gfdsf] cufl8 …sjLGb|Ú n] /fhf log} x'g\ .
la:s]6 hfqf
 sxfFM eQmk'/df .
 slxn]M r}q dlxgfsf] clGtd xKtfsf] rf}yf] lbgb]lv gjjif{sf] ;'?jft d]if ;+qmflGt;Dd .
 s;n]M huHof]lt dNnn] .
 :d/0f /xf];\M la:s]6 hfqfnfO{ æljZjs]t' hfqf, ljZjfs[t ofqf, lal;sf ofqfÆ cflbsf gfdn] klg lrlgG5 .
o;nfO{ æb'O{ jif]{ d]nfÆsf] ¿kd klg lnOG5 .
/ftf] dlR5Gb|gfysf] hfqf
 sxfFM sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf .
 slxn]M
 s;n]M g/]Gb|b]jn] .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 13 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 s] ul/G5M dlR5Gb|gfynfO{ b"w–bxLn] dxf:gfg u/fpg'sf] ;fy} sf7df8f}Fdf dlR5Gb|gfysf] /yofqf / kf6gsf] hfjnfv]ndf
dlR5Gb|gfysf] ef]6f] hfqf ul/g] .
 sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf ;+/Ifs tyf kfngstf{ eujfg\ …nf]sgfyÚnfO{ g} /ftf] dlR5Gb|gfy elgG5 .
;]tf] dlR5Gb|gfysf] hfqf
 sxfFM sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf .
 slxn]M r}tj}zfvlt/ .
 s] ul/G5M k|f0fL dfqsf] enfOsf] sfdgf ub}{ b"w, bxL cflb b|Jon] :gfg u/fO{ /yofqf u/fOg] .
 s;n]M k|tfk dNnn] .
 ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL hut\sf dflns æcfof{jnf]lst]Zj/ÆnfO{ g} ;]tf] dlR5Gb|gfy elgG5 .
OGb|hfqf÷s'df/L hfqf
 sxfFM sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf .
 slxn]M efb| z'Sn åfbzLb]lv cflZjg s[i0f rt'b{zL;Dd * lbg dgfOg] .
 s] ul/G5M …cfsfz e}/jÚsf] k"hf u/L d"lt{af6 /S;L r9fOG5 .
 s;n]M u'0fsfdb]jn] .
3f]8]hfqf
 sxfFM sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf .
 slxn]M r}q s[i0f cf}F;Ldf .
 s;n]M
 s] ul/G5M
hfthflt
 /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)^* cg';f/ g]kfndf slt hfthflt /x]sf 5g\ < — !@% hflt
 /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)^* cg';f/ ;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vof ePsf] hflt If]qL-!^=^Ü_ xf] eg] ;a}eGbf sd hg;+Vof ePsf] hflt
s'g xf] < — s';'08f-@&# hgf_
 g]kfnsf hËndf 3'dGt] hLjg latfpg] hfltx¿ s'gs'g x'g\ < — /fp6] / s';'08f
 g]kfnsf d'Vo % hftLo ;d'bfox¿ s'gs'g x'g\ <
 cflbjf;L rl/qsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] hflt s'gnfO{ dflgG5 < — /fp6] g]kfnsf d'Vo % hflt ;d'bfox¿
ljleGg hfthflt / ltgsf k'/f]lxtx¿  lxGb" hflt ;d'bfo
hfthflt k'/f]lxtx¿ Hfthflt k'/f]lxtx¿ hfthflt k'/f]lxtx¿  cflbjf;L÷hghflt ;d'bfo
a|fXd0f, If]qL kl08t, k'/f]lxt ;'g'jf/ gf;f] r]kfª÷k|hf kfF8]÷kmfn  g]jf/
g]jf/ b]pefh', u'efh' lh/]n gfS;f] ls;fg÷p/fj j}uf÷j}zf  d';ndfg
 cGo-lzv, k~hfaL, a+ufnL, df/jf8L
lnDa" km]bfª\jf, zfDjf yf¿ e/f{, u'?jf du/ e';fn cflb_
/fO{ ªf]kf u'?ª £ofa|] a|fXd0f 5GTofn ef~hf
 g]kfndf xfn cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf] ;+Vof slt /x]sf] 5 < — ^) -:d/0f /xf];\Mkl5Nnf] ;do cflbjf;L hghfltdf ;"lrs/0f
ePsf] hflt /fgf yf? xf] ._
 /fli6«o cflbjf;L÷hghflt k|lti7fgsf] ;"rLcg';f/ pGgt ;d"xdf kg]{ hfltx¿ s'gs'g x'g\ < — ysfnL / g]jf/ .
;fdflhs–cfly{s cj:yf Pj+ hg;+Vof cg';f/ g]kfnsf cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf] juL{s/0f
s_ nf]kf]Gd'v hflt — hDdf !) hflt-
kxf8sf ^ hfltx¿  s';'08f, ;'/]n, jgsl/of, xfo', n]Krf / s'zjfl8of .
 leqL dw]zsf @ hfltx¿  /fhL / /fp6] .
 t/fO{sf @ hflt  ls;fg / d]r] .
v_ clt ;LdfGts[t — hDdf !@ hflt-:d/0f /xf];\M Nxf];f/ !@ jif{df !@ j6f hgfj/sf] gfdaf6 dgfOG5 ._
 lxdfnsf # hflt  l;of/, y'bfd / Nxf]dL .
 kxf8sf # hflt  r]kfª, a/fdf] / yfdL .
 leqL dw]zsf # hflt  dfemL, af]6] / bg'jf/ .
 t/fO{sf # hflt  wfg's, emfFu8 / ;tf/ .
u_ ;LdfGts[t — hDdf @! hflt
 lxdfnsf & hflt  tfKs]uf]nf, 8f]Nkf], d'ufnL, nfs]{, jfn'ª, ef]6] / Nxf]kf .
 kxf8sf ^ hflt  ;'g'jf/, tfdfª, e'h]n, kx/L, k|mL / b'/f .
 leqL dw]zsf @ hflt  s'dfn / b/fO{{ .
 t/fO{sf ^ hflt  yf¿, /fgf yf?, sf]r], lwdfn, tfhk'l/of / uGufO{F .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 14 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
3_ ;'ljwf jl~rt — hDdf !% hflt-:d/0f /xf];\M cGt//fli6«o cbfntdf !% hgf GofofwLz /xg] Joj:yf 5 ._
 lxdfnsf * hflt  5}/f]tg, tfª\a], tLgufpFn], afx|ufpFn], dfkmf{nL, z]kf{, ofVvf, JofF;L .
 kxf8sf & hflt  u'?ª, du/, lnDa", 5GTofn, lh/]n, XofNdf] / /fO{ .
ª_ pGgt ;d"x — hDdf @ hflt
 lxdfnsf ysfnL /,
 kxf8sf g]jf/ .
ef}uf]lns If]qcg';f/ ^) cflbjf;L÷hghflt
 lxdfnL If]qsf hghfltx¿M !( hflt -:d/0f /xf];\M g]kfndf !( k|hfltsf nf6f]sf]z]/f] kfOG5g\ ._
 kxf8L If]qsf hghfltx¿M @# hflt -:d/0f /xf];\M ljZjdf @# k|hfltsf lu4 kfOG5g\ ._
 t/fO{sf hghfltx¿M !! hflt
 leqL dw]zsf hghfltx¿ — & hflt -:d/0f /xf];\M leqL dw]zdf & j6f lhNnf g} kb{5g\ ._
 5}/f]tg hflt g]kfnsf] s'g lhNnfdf a;f]af; ub{5g\ < — d':tfª
 a/fd hfltsf] a;f]af; ePsf] lhNnf s'g xf] < — uf]/vf
 …jfo' b]jtfÚnfO{ d'Vo b]jtfsf] ¿kdf k'Hg] hflt s'g xf] < — a/fd
 5GTofn hfltn] af]Ng] efiffnfO{ s] elgG5 < — vfd efiff
 5GTofn hflt d'VotM s'g lhNnfdf a;f]af; ub{5g\ < — afUn'ª, DofUbL / d':tfª .
 ljjfxdf b'nxfsf afj' hGtL ghfg] rng s'g hfltdf 5 < — bg'jf/ .
 …a'lngÚ eg]sf] s] xf] < — g]jf/ dlxnfx¿n] 6fpsf] nufpg] ;'gsf] uxgf .
g]kfnsf k|d'v hfthflt / ltgsf] hg;+Vof
Hfthflt hg;+Vof Hfthflt hg;+Vof
!= If]qL !^=^Ü ^= g]jf/ %Ü
@= a|fXd0f !@=@Ü &= sfdL $=*Ü
#= du/ &=!Ü *=d';ndfg $=$Ü
$= yf¿ ^=^Ü (= ofbj $Ü
%= tfdfª %=*Ü !)= /fO{ @=#Ü
;a}eGbf sd hg;+Vof ePsf kfFr hfltM s'g'/f snf
s';'08fM @&#
g'/f+uM @&*
/fp6]M ^!*
snfxf/M !)&&
nf]/f+uM !!%#
s]xL gfFr / ;DalGwt ;d'bfo
gfFr ;d'bfo ljz]if
rof{ af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿
3f6' u'?ª
6Kkf u'?ª÷du/
sflt{s sf7df8f}F pkTosf .
;fs]jf lznL ls/fFt-/fO{_
df?gL÷kfª\b'/]÷sf}/f÷;f]/7L du/
Wffg gfFr lnDa"
/f]bL u'?ª÷du/
sdf{wdf{ emfFu8
dxfsfnL sf7df8f}F pkTosf .
/fgL g[To÷em'd/f÷afx|df;] yf?
/f]Onf u'NdL lhNnfdf k|rlnt
:ofa|'ª z]kf{, ef]6], tfdfª .
n¶L gfFr÷j8\sf gfFr yf?
t/jf/ gfFr÷h6hfl6gf yf?
lemlemof gfFr d}lynL ;d'bfo
afn'g If]qL, a|fXd0f .
efiffefifL
æcGt//fli6«o dft[efiff lbjz February @! df kb{5 .Æ
 ;g\ @)!^ df dgfOPsf] cGt//fli6«o dft[efiff lbjz slt cf}F xf] < — !^ cf}F .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 15 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 lj=;+= @)^* sf] hgu0fgfg';f/ g]kfndf slt efiffefifL /x]sf 5g\ < — !@# efiffefifL .
 xfn g]kfndf slt efifeflif /x]sf 5g\< !#! gf]6 kl5Nnf] ;do efiff cfof]un] yk * efiff klxrfg u/]sf] xf] . kl5Nnf] ;do
klxrfg ul/Psf yk * efiffM /fgf yf? – s~rgk'/, gfkm'{ - dgf+u _ r'd – uf]/vf _ g'a|L - uf]/vf _ kf]Os] - 8f]Nkf _ ;]/fs] – -
d':tf+u_ df]/s ofSvf - d':tf+u _ gfjf z]kf{ - ;f]n'v'Da' _
 ;+;f/ slt k|sf/ jf kl/jf/sf efiffx¿ af]lnG5g\ < — $ kl/jf/ .
 ljZjdf af]lng] $ k|sf/sf efiffx¿ kl/jf/x¿ s]s] x'g\ <
s_ ef/f]k]nL efiff kl/jf/
 ef/tLo pkdxfåLk / o'/f]ksf ljleGg If]qdf af]lng] ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] efiff kl/jf/ .
 ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vofn] af]Ng] efiff ef/f]k]nL efiff kl/jf/cGtu{t kb{5g\ .
 g]kfndf af]lng] g]kfnL, d}lynL, ef]hk'/L, yf?, cjwL,/fhj+zL, bg'jf/, dfemL, b/fO{, s'dfn, pb"{, af6], r'/f]6] OToflb efiffx¿ oxL
ef/f]k]nL efiff kl/jf/leq kb{5g\ .
v_ ef]6 ad]{nL-rLlgofF ltAatL_
 g]kfn, rLg, jdf{, leotgfd, sf]l/ofnufotsf b]zdf af]lng] efiffx¿ o;} efiff kl/jf/df kb{5g\ .
 ;+;f/sf] bf];|f] 7"nf] efiff kl/jf/ .
 g]kfndf af]lng] afGtjf, z]kf{ , ;'g'jf/, wfdL,yf?, g]jf/, /fO{, du/, ysfnL,u'?u+ lnDa', /fhL /fp6], r]kfu+ xfo' lh/]n d]r] b'/f
vfd ltJjtL cflb efiffx¿ oxL efiff kl/jf/cGtu{t kb{5g\ .
u_ b|lj8 efiff kl/jf/
 b|lj8 efiff ljz]if u/L ef/tsf] tldngf8'df tldnx¿n] af]Nb5g\ .
 g]kfndf af]lng] …emfFu8 jf wfFu8Ú o;} efiff kl/jf/cGtu{t kb{5 .
3_ cfUg]o efiff kl/jf/
 g]kfndf af]lng] ;tf/ jf ;GyfnL cfUg]o kl/jf/cGtu{t kb{5 .
@)^* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfndf af]lng] k|d'v efiffx¿
-:d/0f Efiff hg;+Vof Efiff hg;+Vof /xf];\M yf? efiff af]Ng]sf] ;+Vof / tfdfª hfltsf] hg;+Vof
a/fa/- != g]kfnL $$=^Ü ^= g]jf/ #=@ Ü %=* Ü_ /x]sf] 5 ._
@+ d}lynL !!=& Ü &= alHhsf #Ü
#= ef]hk'/L ^Ü *= du/. #Ü
$= yf? %=* Ü (= 8f]6]nL #Ü
%= tfdfª %=! Ü !)= pb"{ @=^ Ü
 lq=lj= n] slxn]b]lv g]kfnL efiffsf] k/LIff lng yfn]sf] xf] < — @)!* j}zfv #) ut] .
 c8\8f cbfntdf g]kfnL efiffdf dfq} sfdsfh ug]{ lg0f{o slxn] eof] < — @)@! j}zfv @ ut] .
 ljZj efiffx¿df g]kfnL efiff slt cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 < — #^ cf}F .
 g]kfnL efiff k|yd :yfgdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf slt lhNnf 5g\ < — %$ lhNnf-:d/0f /xf];\M z'SnfkmfF6 3fF;] d}bfgsf] If]qkmn %$
ju{ ls=ld= 5 ._ .
 ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf sd zAb ePsf] efiff s'g xf] < — O6flnog .
 g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;dosf] cfwf/df slt efudf ljeQm ul/Psf] 5 < — # efudf-k|frLg, dfWolds tyf cfw'lgs_ .
! k|flrg sfn !! cf} b]lv !% cf} ztfAbL ;Ddsf] cjwL
@ dfWolds sfn !^ cf} b]lv !* cf} ztfAbL ;Ddsf] cjwL
# cfw'lgs sfn uf]/vfkqsf] k|sfzg b]lv xfn;Ddsf] cjwL
 g]kfn afx]s g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;fs{ /fi6«sf slt b]zn] dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ < — # b]z-ef/t, >LnÍf / a+unfb]z_ .
 g]kfnL efiffsf] hggL eg]/ s'g efiffnfO{ lrlgG5 < — ;+:s[t .
 g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ sxfFaf6 ePsf] dflgG5 < — h'Dnfsf] l;+hf .
 sfg'gL ¿kdf v; efiff jf g]kfnL efiffn] slxn] /fi6«efiffsf] dfGotf k|fKt u/]sf] xf] < — lj=;+= @)!% .
 g]kfnL efiffnfO{ /fhefiffsf ¿kdf k|of]udf s;n] NofPsf x'g\ < — gfu/fh .
 /f]dg c+sx¿ n]Vg slt j6f cIf/x¿ k|of]u ul/G5 < — & j6f [I, V, X, L, C, D / M] .
s]xL efiff / ltgsf lnkLx¿
 g]kfnL efiff — b]jgfu/L lnkL
 d}lynL efiff — lt/x'tf lnkL
 lnDa" efiff — l;l/hËf lnkL
 /fO{ efiff — a|fXdL lnkL
 g]kfn efiff-g]jf/L_ — /~hgf / e'lhdf]n lnkL .
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] lnkL s'g xf] < — a|fXdL lnkL .
 /]l8of] g]kfnaf6 xfn slt j6f efiffdf ;dfrf/ k|zf/0f x'G5g\ < — @! efiff .
 g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ef/tsf] ;+ljwfgsf] slt cf}F cg';"rLdf /flvPsf] 5 < — * cf}F .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 16 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
snf -lrqsnf, d"lt{snf / jf:t'snf_
æ;flxTo, ;ËLt / snfljxLg dg'io k'R5/ gePsf] ;fIfft kz' xf] .Æ — et[{xl/
 snf eg]sf dg'ion] cfˆgf] k|ltefcg';f/ tof/ kf/]sf cfs[lt / s[lt x'g\ .
 snf slt k|sf/sf x'G5g\ < — ^$ k|sf/ .
 …k|;|j0f snfÚ eg]sf] s] xf] < — gbL If]q cf;kf; agfOg] lrq÷snfs[lt .
 g]kfn nlntsnf ;‹sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < — lj=;+= @)@@ .
 jL/]Gb| snf ;ª\u|xfno sxfF /x]sf] 5 < — gS;fn-sf7df8f}F_ .
 ldlynf snfnfO{============== klg elgG5 . — dw'jgL snf .
 ldlynf lrqsnf k|foM dlxnfx¿n] agfpFb5g\ .
 k|fylds /ª eGgfn] s'gs'g /ªnfO{ a'lemG5 < — /ftf], lgnf] / xl/of]-/flg x_ .
 df6f]sf] d"lt{ lgdf{0f ug]{ rLlgofF snfnfO{ s] elgG5 < — 6]/fsf]6f .
lrqsnf
 ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf k|frLg snf s'g xf] < — lrqsnf .
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] lrqsnf s'g xf] < — bzf}F tyf P3f/f}F ztflAblt/ agfOPsf] æk|1fkf/ldtfÆ ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] tfd|kqsf] lrqu|Gy .
 æk|1fkf/ldtfÆ s'g wd{;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — af}4 wd{ .
 g]kfnL lrqsnfsf] ljsf; slxn] r/d;Ldfdf k'u]sf] dflgG5 < — !$ cf}F / !% cf}F ztflAblt/ .
 lrqsnfnfO{ slt efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 < — # -kf}ef, u|Gy / leQ]_ .
s_ u|Gy lrq
 u|Gydf kfOg] lrq .
 ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] u|Gylrq k|1fkf/ldtf xf] .
v_ kf}ef jf yfÍf lrq
 sk8fdf agfOg] lrqnfO{ g]jf/L efiffdf …kf}efÚ / ltAatL efiffdf …yfÍfÚ lrq elgG5 .
 kf}ef lrq @ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . tL x'g\M k6 / d08nf .
 k6lrq s;/L agfOG5 < — d'Vo b]ptf aLrdf / jl/kl/ ;xfos b]ptfx¿ .
 d08nf lrq s;/L agfOG5 < — aLrdf s'g} lrXg / rf/}lt/ b]ptfx¿ .
u_ leQ]lrq
 leQf agfOg] lrq .
 leQlrqsf] pTs[i6 gd'gfsf] ¿kdf ldlynf lrqsnfnfO{ lnOG5 .
d"lt{snf
 ljleGg k|sf/sf l;;f, wft', 9'Ëf, sf7, df6f] cflbsf] cfs[lt agfpg' g} d"lt{snf xf] .
 dNnsfndf ;a}eGbf a9L wft'sf d"lt{x¿ agfOPsf] kfOG5 .
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] d"lt{ M kf6gsf] ;'Gb/L rf]ssf] ljZj¿ksf] d"lt{ .
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] d"lt M a"9fgLns07sf] 9'Ëfsf] d"lt{ .
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] d"lt{ M lj?kfIfsf] d"lt{ .
jf:t'snf
 jf;:yfgsf] lgdf{0f;DaGwL snfnfO{ g} jf:t'snf elgG5 .
 jf:t'snf d'VotM # k|sf/sf x'G5g\ M
s_ Kofuf]8f z}nL
 PseGbf a9L 5fgf eO{ dflylt/sf 5fgfx¿ ;fF3'l/b} hfg] z}nL g} Kofuf]8f z}nL xf] .
 ljZjdf Kofuf]8f z}nLsf] ;'?jft s'g b]zaf6 ePsf] xf] < — hfkfg
 g]kfndf Kofuf]8f z}nLsf] ;'?jft slxn]af6 ePsf] dflgG5 < — !# cf}F ztflAblt/ .
 Kofuf]8f z}nLdf 5fgfnfO{ c8\ofpg ========= sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . — 6'8fFn .
 Kofuf]8f z}nLdf dlGb/sf] ;a}eGbf tNnf] tnfdf ====== d"lt{ :yfkgf ul/Psf] x'G5 . —d'Vo b]jtfsf] .
 ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] tnfdf ========= x'G5 . — uh'/ .
 uh'/b]lv tn;Dd wft'sf] kftf em'G8\ofOPsf] x'G5 . To;nfO{ ======== elgG5 . —lz/aGbL-kftf_ .
 kz'kltgfysf] dlGb/, eQmk'/sf] Goftkf]n dlGb/ Kofuf]8f z}nLsf gd'gf x'g\ .
 g]kfndf Kofuf]8f z}nLsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] dlGb/ s'g xf] < — rfFu'gf/fo0fsf] dlGb/ .
v_ lzv/ z}nL
 tnaft qmdzM ;fF3'/f] x'Fb} 6'Kkf]df r'Rrf] agfpg] z}nL g} lzv/ z}nL xf] .
 lzv/ z}nL s:tf] cfsf/sf] x'G5 < — lk/fld8 cfsf/ .
 lzv/ z}nLdf PseGbf a9L uh'/ x'G5g\ .
 lzv/ z}nLsf] ;'?jft sxfFaf6 ePsf] xf] < — rf}yf] ztflAblt/ ef/taf6 .
 g]kfndf lzv/ z}nL slxn]af6 cl:tTjdf cfPsf] xf] < — kfFrf}F ztflAblt/ .
 kf6gsf] …s[i0f dlGb/Ú lzv/ z}nLsf] pTs[i6 gd'gf xf] .
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] lzv/ z}nL lgld{t dlGb/ s'g xf] < — kz'kltgfysf] pQ/–klZrd k|fË0fdf /x]sf] k|:t/-9'Ëf_n] ag]sf] a|Xdsf] dlGb/ .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 17 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
u_ :t"k z}nL
 af}4 k/Dk/fg';f/, tnlt/ km's]sf] / dflylt/ ;fF3'l/b} hfg] aGb uf]nfsf/ ePsf] z}nL g} :t"k z}nL xf] .
 :t"k z}nLdf slt j6f uh'/ /x]sf x'G5g\ < — Ps dfq .
 g]kfndf :t"k z}nLsf] cfudg s;n] u/fPsf x'g\ < — czf]s ;d|f6 .
 af}4 / :joDe"gfy dlGb/ :t"k z}nLsf pTs[i6 gd'gf x'g\ .
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] :t"k z}nLsf] dlGb/ s'g xf] < — kf6gsf] czf]s :t"k .
yk hfgsf/L
 hgsk'/sf] hfgsL dlGb/ /fhk"t / d'un z}nL ldl>t z}nLsf] gd'gf xf] .
 l;+xb/af/ o'/f]k]nL of u|Ls z}nLdf ag]sf] 5 .
 …sf7df8f}Fsf] w/x/fÚ klg d'un jf /fhk"t z}nLdf g} lgld{t lyof], h;nfO{ @)&@ sf] e"sDkn] Wj:t kf/]sf] lyof] .
 g]kfndf /fhk"t z}nLsf] k|j]z /fd zfxsf] kfnfaf6 ePsf] xf] .
 g]kfnsf] sfi7snfsf] cg'kd gd'gf …b]zd? ‰ofÚ xf] h'g o6vf-sf7df8f}F_df /x]sf] 5 .
klxnf] g]kfnL /]sl8{ª uLt
 k|yd ufos M ;]t'/fd >]i7 -lj=;+= !($)–!((*_
 ldlt M lj=;+= !(&^
 :yfg M ef/tsf] snsQfsf] u|fdf]kmf]g sDkgL .
 uLtsf /rgfsf/ M o'jfslj df]tL/fd e§ .
 uLtsf] af]n M …otf x]¥of] ot} d]/f gh/df /fd Kof/f 5g\,
ptf x]¥of] pt} d]/f gh/df /fd Kof/f 5g\ .Ú
uLt /]s8{ u/fpg] k|yd g]kfnL dlxnf
 d]njL b]jL u'?ª -lj=;+= !(%(–@)!@_
 uLtsf] af]n M ;jf/L d]/f] /]n}df===========.
;flxTo
 g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ d'VotM slt efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 < — # efu .
 k|fylds sfn eGgfn] lj=;+= !*)! b]lv lj=;+= !($) ;Ddsf] cjlwnfO{ a'emfpFb5 .
 dfWolds sfn eGgfn] lj=;+= !($! b]lv lj=;+= !(&$ ;Ddsf] cjlwnfO{ a'emfpFb5 .
 cfw'lgs sfn eGgfn] lj=;+= !(&% b]lv xfn;Ddsf] cjlwnfO{ a'emfpFb5 .
 g]kfnL ;flxTodf uB sljtfsf] yfngL ug]{ slj sf] xf] < — uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn-:d/0f /xf];\M cfw'lgs slj eg]/ klg uf]kfnk|;fb
l/dfnnfO{ g} lrlgG5 ._
 c¿sf nflu efiff–;fdu|L n]lvlbg] JolQmnfO{ s] elgG5 < — 3f]:6 /fO6/ -Ghost Writer_
 …sfnf] ;"o{Ú s[ltsf n]vs sf] x'g\ < — e/t hËd .
 ;a}eGbf a9L efiffdf cg'jfb ePsf] g]kfnL s[lt s'g xf] < — e/t hËdsf] …sfnf] ;"o{Ú .
 !) hgf n]vsx¿åf/f n]lvPsf] pkGof; s'g xf] < — cfsfz ljeflht 5 . -:d/0f /xf];\M …sfnf] ;"o{Ú klg !) j6f efiffdf
cg'jfb ePsf] 5 ._
 g]kfnL ;flxTosf lqd"lt{ eGgfn] s–s;nfO{ a'lemG5 < — afns[i0f ;d, n]vgfy kf}8\ofn / nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f .
 ;Todf]xg hf]zLnfO{ …ztflAb k'?ifÚ s;n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] < — lqd"lt{ ;bg .
 hfkfgL efiffdf cg'jfb ePsf] klxnf] s[lt s'g xf] < — 8fod08 zdz]/sf] …;]tf] af3Ú .
 c/aL efiffdf cg'jfb ePsf] klxnf] efiff s'g xf] < — OlGb/f k|;fO{sf] …p;sf] nf]Ug] / la/fnf]Ú .
 …/fi6«sljÚsf] pkflw k|fKt ;flxTosf/ sf] x'g\ < — dfwjk|;fb l3ld/] .
 dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ /fi6«sljsf] pkflw slxn] k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] < — lj=;+= @)^) j}zfv ( ut] -tTsfnLg /fhf 1fg]Gb|åf/f_ .
 …:ju{sf] b/af/Ú gfds s[ltsf n]vs sf] x'g\ < — z'qm/fh zf:qL .
 …#) ?k}ofFsf] gf]6Ú / …Ps lrxfgÚ gfds s[ltsf n]vs sf] x'g\ < — ÅborGb|l;+x k|wfg .
k'/:sf/
dbg k'/:sf/
 dbg k'/:sf/ lj=;+= @)!@ c;f]h !) df /fgL hubDafn] 3f]if0ff u/]sL x'g \ .
 dbg zdz]/ /f0ffsf] gfddf 3f]if0ff ePsf] dbg k'/:sf/ lj=;+= @)!# af6 k|bfg ug{ yflnPsf] xf] .
 k|f/Dedf dbg k'/:sf/sf] /fzL ======= lyof] . — ?= $ xhf/ .
 xfn dbg k'/:sf/sf] /fzL slt /x]sf] 5 < — ?= @ nfv-lj=;+= @)^! b]lv_
 g]kfndf s'gs'g jif{ dbg k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Pg < — lj=;+= @)#! / @)## ;fndf .
 Ps} jif{ pxL s[ltsf nflu dbg / ;femf k'/:sf/ kfpg] ;flxTosf/x¿ sf]sf] x'g\ < — $ hgf .
 ejfgL leIf' -cfut_
 wg'ifrGb| uf}td -3fdsf kfOnfx¿_
 ljgf]bk|;fb lwtfn -of]hguGwf_
 dbgdl0f bLlIft -dfwjL_
 ;j{k|yd dbg k'/:sf/ s'g s[ltnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] < — ;Todf]xg hf]zLsf] …xfd|f] ;+:s[ltÚ .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 18 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 lj=;+= @)&@ ;fnsf] dbg k'/:sf/ s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] < — /fdnfn hf]zL-…P]gfÚ syf;+u|xsf] nflu_ .
 dbg k'/:sf/;Fu ;DalGwt …#Ú ;Demg'xf];\M
 klxnf] k6s dbg k'/:sf/ slt hgfnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] < — # hgf
 klxnf] k6s # hgfnfO{ dbg k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf # ;flxTosf/x¿ sf]sf] x'g \ < — ;Todf]xg hf]zL, lrQ/~hg g]kfnL / 8f=
an/fd hf]zL .
 xfn;Dd slt hgf gf/L ;|i6fn] dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ < — $ hgf .
—kfl/hft-lzl/ifsf] km"n_, emds s'df/L l3ld/]-hLjg sfF8f ls km"n_ /fwf kf}8]n-vnËfdf xdnf_ lgnd sfsL} lgxfll/sfs of]udfof .
 xfn;Dd ;a}eGbf w]/} k6s dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ JolQm sf] x'g\ / slt k6s dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ < — # k6s-
;Todf]xg hf]zL_
dbg k'/:sf/sf kl5Nnf ljt]hfx¿
jif{ -lj=;+_ s[ltsf] gfd k|fKt ug]{ ;flxTosf/
@)^& hLjg sfF8f ls km"n emds s'df/L l3ld/]
@)^* ;]tf] wtL{ cd/ Gof}kfg]
@)^( bldgL eL/ /fhg d'sf?ª
@)&) vnËfdf xdnf /fwf kf}8\ofn
@)&! v';L ljho s'df/
@)&@ P]gf /fdnfn hf]zL
@)&# w[t/fi6 3gZofd s+8]n
@)&$ of]udfof lgnd sfsL{ lgxfl/sf
@)&% /0fxf/ of]u]z/fh
@)&^ dxf/fgL rGb|k|sfz afgLof
 dbg k'/:sf/ kfpg ;kmn k|yd pkGof; s'g xf] < — nLnfWjh yfkfsf] pkGof; …dgÚ .
 dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ ljb]zL gful/s sf] x'g\ < — kmfb/ ljlnoD; .
dbg k'/:sf/ @)&^ sf nflu 5gf}6df k/]sf pTs[i6 ;ft s[ltM
 hf]s/sf] aGb'sM ladn lgef  dxf/;lg306' M of]uL wd{xf/;  ofqfdf zf/bf zdf{
 w;}{ w;f{sf] rqmJo''M lty{ >]i7  dxf/fgLM rGb|k|sfz aflgof
 kl/ToQmfM e'jg 9'+ufgf  df]xkyM nlnt lji6
g]kfnsf cGo dxTjk"0f{ k'/:sf/x¿
s_ hubDaf >L k'/:sf/
 hubDaf >L k'/:sf/sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < — lj=;+= @)$%
 x/]s jif{ k|bfg ul/g] hubDaf >L k'/:sf/sf] xfnsf] /fzL slt /x]sf] 5 < — ?= @ nfv .
 ;j{k|yd hubDaf >L k'/:sf/ s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] < — gf/fo0f uf]kfn .
 lj=;+= @)&! ;fnsf] hubDaf >L k'/:sf/ s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] < — cª\u'/afaf hf]zL .
 kl5Nnf] k6s-lj=;+= @)&@ df_ hubDaf >L k'/:sf/ kfpg] JolQm sf] x'g\ < — nLn axfb'/ If]qL .
 hubDaf>L k'/:sf/ @)&^ zflGt 76fn @)&% a}/fuL sfO{nfO / @)&$ zfGtfbf; dfgfGw/nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] .
v_ ;femf k'/:sf/
 ;femf k'/:sf/sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < — lj=;+= @)@^
 ;femf k'/:sf/sf] /fzL slt /x]sf] 5 < — ?= %! xhf/ .
 ;femf k'/:sf/ kfpg] klxnf] ;flxTosf/ sf] x'g\ < — e"lk z]/rg-3'Dg] d]rdfly cGwf] dfG5], @)@^_ .
 klxNnf] k6s ;femf k'/:sf/ s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] < — 7fs'/ a]Njf;]-…qf;df O{Zj/Ú, @)^(_ .
 :d/0f /xf];\ M ;femf k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ k|yd gf/L ;|i6f 8f= aflg/f lu/L x'g \ .
 g]kfnL ;flxTodf ;j{k|yd kLPr8L-ljBf jfl/lw_ ug]{ k|yd gf/L klg 8f= aflg/f lu/L g} x'g \ .
u_;j{gfd k'/:sf/ M ;j{k|yd k|fKt ug]{ JolQm snfsf/ gL/ zfx-lj=;+= @)#(_ x'g\ .
3_l5Ggntf k'/:sf/ M kfpg] klxnf] JolQm ls/0f ]v/]n x'g\ .
ª_ cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{ k'/:sf/ M kfpg] klxnf] JolQm dfwjk|;fb l3ld/] x'g\ .
r_o'jfjif{ df]tL k'/:sf/ M kfpg] klxnf] JolQm b}j1/fh Gof}kfg] x'g\ .
 o'jf jif{ df]tL k'/:sf/ slt jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf efiff Pj+ ;flxTo;]jfnfO{ k|bfg ul/G5 < — $) jif{ .
 g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < — lj=;+= @)!$ c;f/ ! ut] .-:d/0f /xf];\M nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] :yfkgf lj=;+=
@))* c;f/ ! ut] ePsf] xf] ._
 ejfgL leIf' ljleGg # k'/:sf/n] lje"lift ePsf lyP . tnsfdWo] s'g k'/:sf/ pgL lje"lift ePsf k'/:sf/ cGtu{t kb}{g <
s_ dbg k'/:sf/ v_ hubDaf >L k'/:sf/ u_ ;femf k'/:sf/ 3_ lqe'jg k|1f k'/:sf/
— v_ hubDaf >L k'/:sf/ .
 nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fnfO{ d[To'kZrft\ k|bfg ul/Psf] k'/:sf/ s'g xf] < — lqe'jg k|1f k'/:sf/ .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 19 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
/f]dg Dofu;];] k'/:sf/
 /f]dg Dofu;];] k'/:sf/sf] :yfkgf lkmlnlkG;sf tTsfnLg /fi6«klt …/f]dg Dofu;];]Ú sf] lgwgsf] ;Demgfdf ePsf] xf] .
 of] k'/:sf/ x/]s %÷% jif{df k|bfg ul/G5 .
 /f]dg Dofu;];] k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ klxnf] g]kfnL sf] x'g\ < — dx]zrGb| /]UdL .
 xfn;Dd /f]dg Dofu;];] k'/:sf/ ljh]tf g]kfnLx¿ M–
!_ dx]zrGb| /]UdL -;g\ !((&_ $_ dxfjL/ k'g -;g\ @))&_
@_ e/tbQ sf]O/fnf -;g\ @))@_ %_ zlQm ;d"x -;g\ @)!#_
#_ 8f= ;Gbs ?Ot -;g\ @))^_
 …g]x¿ k'/:sf/Ú k|fKt ug]{ klxnf] g]kfnL sf] x'g\ < — t'n;Ld]x/ >]i7
 lghL If]qtkm{ :yflkt ;flxTotkm{sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k'/:sf/ s'g xf] < — e"kfndfg l;+x sfsL{ k'/:sf/ .
 Ps} jif{ ;femf / dbg k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt x'g] ;flxTosf/ sf] x'g \ < — wg'ifrGb| uf}td .
 …c:jLs[t sljÚ eg]/ s;nfO{ lrlgG5 < — sljtf/fd >]i7 .
 …ehg lz/f]dl0fÚ eg]/ eQm/fh cfrfo{nfO{ lrlgG5 eg] …kl08t/fhÚ eg]/ s;nfO{ lrlgG5 < — ;f]dgfy l;Ub]n .
s]xL ;flxTosf/÷;ª\uLtsf/ / ltgsf pkflwx¿
ljz]if pkflw ;flxTosf/ ljz]if pkflw ;flxTosf/
dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f /fi6«slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]
cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{ cfw'lgs slj uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn
o'uslj l;l4r/0f >]i7 o'jfslj df]tL/fd e§
>[ª\ufl/s slj df]tL/fd e§ cfofd]nL slj ltnljqmd -g]Djfª j}/fuL sfOFnf_
slj lz/f]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8\ofn Oltxf; lz/f]dl0f afa'/fd cfrfo{
slj s]z/L lrQw/ Åbo hgslj s]z/L wd{/fh yfkf
:j/ lsGg/L tf/fb]jL :j/ ;fd|1L c?0ff nfdf
gf6\o ;d|f6 afns[i0f ;d :j/ ;d|f6 gf/fo0f uf]kfn
;+uLt lz/f]dl0f o1/fh zdf{ ;+uLt k|jL0f g//fh 9sfn
jfB lz/f]dl0f p:tfb u0f]znfn ljåt lz/f]dl0f x]d/fh kl08t÷;f]dgfy l;Ub]n
cfz'slj zDe'k|;fb 9'Ë]n t/n slj km0fLGb| g]kfn
-gf]6 M ;Demgf ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ p:t}–p:t} pkflw / gfdnfO{ Horizentaldf ldNg] u/L /flvPsf] 5 ._
 g]kfnL ;flxTosf k|yd ;lxb sf] x'g\ < — ;'Aaf s[i0fnfn clwsf/L .
 g]kfnL ;flxTosf dxfslj dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f x'g\ eg] c+u|]hL ;flxTosf dxfslj sf] x'g\ < — ljlnod z]S;lko/ .
 …zfs'GtnÚ s[ltsf n]vs dxfslj b]jsf]6f x'g\ eg] …zs'GtnfÚ s[ltsf n]vs sf] x'g\ < — /fi6«slj l3ld/] .
s]xL g]kfnL ;flxTosf/ / ltgsf s[ltx¿
;flxlTos s[lt ;flxTosf/sf] gfd
d'gfdbg, zfs'Gtn, ;fljqL, /fhs'df/, k|efs/, nIdL lgaGw ;+u|x, ;Ltfx/0f, levf/L, ;'nf]rgf, /fj0f h6fo'o'4 cflb . nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f
afnsf08, /fduLtf, /fdfo0f, k|Zgf]Q/, eQmdfnf cflb . efg'eQm cfrfo{
gofF g]kfn, zs'Gtnf, gj d~h/L, 3fdkfgL, kflkgL cfdf, dfntL, /fi6«lgdf{tf, uf}/L, /fh]Zj/L, lsGg/–lsGg/L, /fi6«slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]
cfˆg} afF;'/L cfˆg} uLt .
Ct' ljrf/, uLtf~hnL, nflnTo, nIdLk"hf, t?0f tk;L . n]vgfy kf}8\ofn
pj{zL, h'gls/L, s'lx/f] / 3fd l;l4r/0f >]i7
lgem{/, 3'Dg] d]rdfly cGwf] dfG5], gofF ‰ofp/], kl/jt{g . e"lk z]/rg
clj/n aUb5 OGb|fjtL, pld{nf efph", km]l/ csf]{ tGgf km]l/G5, lj/fgf] b]zdf . /d]z ljsn
u'gs]z/L, cfut, kfOk g+= @, 5fofF . ejfgL leIf'
hLjg sfF8f ls km"n, a]df};L cf:yfx¿, cfˆgf] lrq clUglzvflt/, cj;fgkl5 cfudg, ;+sNk, dfG5]leqsf of]4fx¿ . emds s'df/L l3ld/]
hn]sf] ljDa /f]Psf] k|ltWjlg, o'4 / of]4f, cfTdf Joyf . cudl;+x lu/L
Ps c~h'nL, >LdtL lx/f]Og, t?gL 5f]/L, lk;fr 8fS6/ . z+s/ sf]O/fnf
af]S;Lsf] cfXjfg / 3f]if0ffkq, t?gL v]tL, Oltxf;leqsf] Oltxf; leqsf] Oltxf;, kfuna:tL . ;¿eQm
uh]Gb| df]If, k|Xnfb elQm, kLsb"t, efg'eQmsf hLjg rl/q . df]tL/fd e§
e"–:ju{, #) ?k}ofFsf] gf]6, s'/f ;fFrf] xf], :jf:gL dfG5], Ps lrxfg, p;sf] cfF;', pgL b]jtf x'g\ . ÅborGb| l;+x k|wfg
3fdsf] r'Dag, Ps xftsf] tfnL, sf7df8f}FnfO{ sf]/f{, ;+j]bgf :j/x¿, dv'08f]sf] dg . o'j/fh gofF3/]
¿kdtL, rDkfsfhL, k|]d, k|folZrt . ?b|/fh kf08]
l;kfxLsL :jf:gL, clk|msg clduf], 5fkfdf/sf] 5f]/f], HofS;g XjfO6 . dx]zljqmd zfx
b]jf;'/ ;+uf|d, hLjf0f'b]lv dfgj;Dd, cfdfsf] sfv, b]zeQm nIdL afO{ . df]bgfy k|l>t
pkjg, ho e'F8L, sfps'tL, unaGbL, Olt>L, lj/xL /fd, bz cjtf/, hoef]ln, df6f]sf] dfof, g}lgsf/fd . e}/j cof{n
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 20 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
;xgzLn ;'lznf, aQL; k'tnL, ljjfx, ;Toxl/ZrGb| . eLdlglw ltjf/L
;'lDgdf, bf]ifL rZdf, g/]Gb| bfO, tLg3'DtL, df]bL cfOg, lx6\n/ / ox'bL, afa'cfdf / 5f]/f . ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf
d's'Gb OlGb/f, pm d/]sL 5}g, cfuf] / kfgL, lr;f] r'Nxf], tfg;]gsf] em/L, k|]dlk08, :jf:gL dfG5],d'6'sf] Joyf, eLd;]gsf] afns[i0f ;d
cGTo .
lzl/ifsf] km"n, cflbd b]z, clgbf] kxf8;Fu}, ;8s / k|ltef, kvf{nleq / aflx/ . kfl/hft
d~h/L, rkfOPsf cg'xf/x¿, yfs]sf] cfsfz, l;Gb"/, lau|]sf] af6f], Hof]lt Hof]lt dxfHof]lt . bf}ntljqmd lji6
s§]n ;/sf] rf]6k6s, clnlvt, lgldQ gfos, eidf;'/sf] gnLxf8, afn'jfdfly, cWofF/f] bLkdf . w|'jrGb| uf}td
s[lt;DaGwL s]xL Capsules ofb ug'{xf];\M
s[ltsf] gfd /rgfsf/sf] gfd s[ltsf] gfd /rgfsf/sf] gfd
zfs'Gtn nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f zs'Gtnf dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]
pm d/]sL 5}g afns[i0f ;d pm d/L c/] ;'jf; l3l;ª
d~h/L bf}ntljqmd lji6 gj d~h/L dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]
Jo"xrqm e/t hËd rqmJo"xdf rGb|;"o{ ;/f]h/fh clwsf/L
sfnf] ;"o{, /ftf] 3fd e/t hËd kx]+nf] 3fd lji0f' e08f/L
5fkfdf/ o'jtLsf] 8fo/L tf/f /fO{ 5fkfdf/sf] 5f]/f] dx]zljqmd zfx
b]jf;'/ ;+u|fd df]bgfy k|l>t ;Ldf ;+u|fd a'l4gf/fo0f >]i7
xl/of] /fxbfgL o'j/fh gofF3/] xl/of] ;fOsn uf]ljGb jt{dfg
cfTdf Joyf cudl;+x lu/L d'6'sf] Joyf afns[i0f ;d
t?gL 5f]/L z+s/ sf]O/fnf t?gL v]tL ;¿eQm
-:d/0f /xf];\M s[ltsf gfd / ltgsf /rgfsf/sf] gfddf sGˆo"hg g/xf];\ eg]/ p:t} gfdsf s[ltnfO{ Horizental df /flvPsf] 5 ._
 g]kfnL ;flxTodf ;a}eGbf klxn] kLPr8L ug]{ JolQm sf] x'g\ < — jf;'b]j lqkf7L .
 g]kfnL ;flxTodf kLPr8L ug]{ k|yd gf/L ;|i6f sf] x'g\ < – 8f= aflg/f lu/L .
 g]kfnL efiff n]lvPsf] klxnf] gf6s s'g xf] < — xf:osbDa -zlQm aNne cof{n_ .
s]xL rlr{t k':ts÷s[lt / ltgsf n]vs
 Stolen Image of Nepal — n}gl;+x jfª\b]n
 Land Ownership in Nepal — dx]zrGb| /]UdL
 Don't Kill Him — cfgGb lznf
 Paradise In Our Backyards — s0f{ zfSo
 sDKo"6/ cftª\s — avt axfb'/ yfkf
 3fdsf kfOnfx¿, sfnfGt/ — wg'ifrGb| uf}td
 clnlvt, s§]n ;/sf] rf]6k6s — w|'jrGb| uf}td
 h's/ju{ Sofkm] — clZjgL s'df/
 k|of]uzfnf — ;'wL/ zdf{
 b u'vf{h 86/ — k|HHjn k/fh'nL-l;lSsd_
 dfG7f 8/fPsf] o'u — df]xg d}gfnL
 P]gf — /fdnfn hf]zL
 sf7df8f}F ;]NkmL — k|sfz ;fodL
 s/f]8f}Fsf] s:t'/L — cd/ Gof}kfg]
 tfk, e'O{Fkm"nsf] b]z — zf/bf zdf{
 /fhwfgL dfl:t/sf] sf7df8f}F — /fjt-/fd axfb'/ tfdfª_
 xtf/ 5, xtf/ 5}g — eLid pk|]tL
 3fdls/L, n'-pkGof;_ — gog/fh kf08]
 cfwf h"g — emns ;'j]bL .
g]kfnsf lje"if0fx¿
 g]kfndf slt k|sf/sf lje"if0fx¿ k|bfg ul/G5 < — # k|sf/ -dfgkbjL, cnª\sf/ / kbs_ .
 lje"if0f;DaGwL P]g, @)^$ slxn]b]lv nfu" ePsf] xf] < —@)^$ >fj0f #@ ut] -:d/0f /xf];\M g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fli6«o ufg lj=;+=
@)^$ >fj0f !* ut]b]lv nfu" ePsf] xf] ._
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] lje"if0f s'g xf] xf] < — uf]/vf blIf0f afx'-tTsfnLg /fhf k[YjLljqmd zfxb]jn] lj=;+= !(%@ df :yfkgf u/]sf ._
 s'g} JolQmn] lje"if0f :j]R5fn] lkmtf{ ug{ rfx]df To;nfO{ sxfF /fVg] rng 5 < — u[x dGqfno .
s_ dfgkbjL
 g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f k|bfg ul/g] lje"if0fx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf pRr dof{bfqmddf /x]sf] lje"if0f s'g xf] < — dfgkbjL .
 g]kfndf slt k|sf/sf dfgkbjL k|bfg ul/G5 < — $ k|sf/
-s_ g]kfn /Tg -v_ /fi6« uf}/j -u_ /fi6«bLk -3_ hg;]jf>L
 g]kfnsf] ;jf]{Rr dfgkbjL xf] < — g]kfn /Tg .
 g]kfn /Tg / /fi6«uf}/j dfgkbjLnfO{ slt >]0fLdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 < — oL b'j}sf] >]0fL ljefhg ul/Psf] 5}g .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 21 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 /fi6«bLk dfgkbjL dfgkbjLnfO{ sltslt >]0fL ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 < — %>]0fLdf-dxfpHHjn, pHHjn sLlt{do, ;'sLlt{do,
sLlt{do / /fi6«bLk dfgkbjL u/L %>]0fL_ .
 /fi6«bLk dfgkbjLsf] k|yd >]0fL s'g xf] < — dxfpHHjn /fi6«bLk .
 /fi6«bLk dfgkbjLsf] clGtd cyf{t\ k~rd >]0fL s'g xf] < — /fi6«bLk .
 ljb]zL gful/snfO{ k|bfg ul/g] g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dfgkbjL s'g xf] < — dxfpHHjn /fi6«bLk .
 hg;]jf>L dfgkbjLnfO{ slt >]0fLdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 < — % >]0fL-;'k|l;4 k|an, k|l;4 k|an, ;'k|an, k|an / hg;]jf>L u/L % >]0fL_ .
 hg;]jf>L dfgkbjLsf] k|yd >]0fL s'g xf] < — ;'k|l;4 k|an hg;]jf>L .
 hg;]jf>L dfgkbjLsf] clGtd jf k~rd >]0fL s'g xf] < — hg;]jf>L .
 g]kfn /Tg dfgkbjLdf n]lvPsf] cfbz{ jfSo s] xf] < — æ/fi6«f]Tyfgsf] ljGb' /fi6«k|]dÆ .
 /fi6«uf}/j dfgkbjLdf n]lvPsf] cfbz{ jfSo s] xf] < — ædftf;dfg dft[e"ldÆ .
 æ/fi6«elQm cd"No zlQmÆ s'g dfgkbjLdf n]lvPsf] cfbz{ jfSo xf] < — /fi6«bLk .
 æ;]jf g} k/d wd{Æ s'g dfgkbjLdf n]lvPsf] cfbz{ jfSo xf] < — hg;]jf>L .
v_ cn+sf/
 tLg k|sf/sf lje"if0fdWo] bf];|f] dof{bf qmddf /x]sf] lje"if0f s'g xf] < — cn+sf/ .
 g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f slt k|sf/sf cn+sf/ k|bfg ul/G5 < — ( k|sf/ -:d/0f /xf];\M g]kfndf ;+/lIft k+IfLsf] ;+Vof klg ( g} 5 ._
 dof{bfqmdcg';f/ k|yd :yfgdf /x]sf] cn+sf/ s'g xf] < — /fi6« ozf]a4{s .
 dof{bfqmdcg';f/ clGtd cyf{t\ gjf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] cn+sf/ s'g xf] < — g]kfn k|tfk e"if0f .
 h'g;'s} JolQmnfO{ klg k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] # cn+sf/x¿ s'gs'g x'g\ < — /fi6«ozf]a4{s, g]kfn ;]jf k|jL0f / ;dfh ;]jf /Tg .
 g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ dfq k|bfg ul/g] # cn+sf/x¿ s'gs'g x'g\ < — k/d kf}/v efis/, clt kf}/v efis/ / dxfkf}/v efis/ .
 g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ dfq k|bfg ul/g] # cn+sf/x¿ s'gs'g x'g\ < — g]kfn k|tfk ;'e"if0f, g]kfn k|tfk cfe"if0f / g]kfn k|tfk e"if0f .
u_ kbs —
rnlrqaf/] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] l;g]df xn s'g xf] < — hg;]jf l;g]df xn .
 g]kfnL efiffsf] klxnf] rnlrq s'g xf] < — ;To xl/ZrGb| -ef/tsf] snsQfdf ag]sf]_ .
 g]kfnsf] ag]sf] k|yd rnlrq s'g xf] < — cfdf -lx/fl;+x vqLåf/f lgld{t_ .
 lghL If]qaf6 lgld{t g]kfnsf] klxnf] rnlrq s'g xf] < — dfOtL3/ .
 g]kfn rnlrq ;+:yfgsf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < — lj=;+= @)@* sflt{s ^ .
 g]kfn rnlrq ;+:yfgn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] g]kfnsf] klxnf] rnlrq s'g xf] < —dgsf] afFw .
 g]kfndf lgld{t k|yd /+uLg rnlrq s'g xf] < — s'df/L -lj=;+= @)#$_ .
 åGå lgb]{lzt g]kfnsf] k|yd rnlrq s'g xf] < — hLjg/]vf -lj=;+= @)#(_ .
 l;Ne/ h'AnL-/ht hoGtL_ k"/f ug]{ klxnf] rnlrq s'g xf] < — s';'d] ?dfn .
 g]jf/L efiffsf] k|yd rnlrq s'g xf] < — lzn' .
 g]kfndf rnlrq lbjz slxn] dgfOG5 < — c;f]h ! ut] -:d/0f /xf];\M lj1fg lbjz klg g]kfndf c;f]h ! ut] g} dgfOG5 ._
 cf]:sf/sf] nflu 5gf}6df k/]sf] g]kfnL rnlrq s'g xf] < — Sof/fefg -lj=;+= @)%&_ .
 g]kfnL rnlrqsf k|yd gfos sf] x'g\ < — lzjz+s/ dfgGw/ .
 g]kfnsf] k|yd l;g]df:sf]k rnlrq s'g xf] < — /fFsf] -lj=;+= @)%)_ .
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] l8lh6n rnlrq s'g xf] < — sfua]gL .
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf
æljZj;Dkbf lbjz clk|n !* df dgfOG5 .Æ
 k|frLgsfnb]lv k/Dk/fsf] ¿kdf rlncfPsf dfgjLo ;+:sf/nfO{ ;+s[lt elgG5 .
 wfld{s cf:yf tyf ljZjf; emlNsg] ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf elgG5 .
 ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf ;fdfGotofM @ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . tL x'g\M ef}lts ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf -h:t}M kf}/fl0fs d7dlGb/, u'Daf, :t"k, d"lt{,
P]ltxfl;s b/af/, zflns, tfd|kq, lznfn]v cflb_ / cef}lts ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf -wd{, k/Dk/f, /xg;xg, e]ife"iff, rfnrng,
/Lltlylt, ltly, j|t cflb_ .
 ;fdfGotof slt jif{ gf3]sf P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs, ;flxlTos Pj+ snfTds j:t' tyf cfs[ltnfO{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf elgG5 < — !)) jif{ .
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«sf] "Intellectual Agency"sf] ¿kdf s'g cËnfO{ lnOG5 < — o'g]:sf] .
 o'g]:sf]sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < — ;g\ !($^ gf]e]Da/ !^ -:d/0f /xf];\M ef/tLo lqms]6 v]nf8L ;lrg t]Gb'nsf/n] lqms]6af6
;Gof; ;g\ @)!# gf]e]Da/ !^ df lnPsf lyP ._
 g]kfnn] o'g]:sf]sf] ;b:otf slxn] lnPsf] xf] < — ;g\ !(%# d] ! .
 o'g]:sf]sf] k|wfg sfof{no sxfF /x]sf] 5 < — k|mfG;sf] k]l/;df .
 o'g]:sf]sf] d'Vofnodf eujfg\ a'4sf] d"lt{ slxn] /flvPsf] xf] < — ;g\ @)!% h"g @@ -:d/0f /xf];\M cGt//fli6«o cbfnt, b x]udf
uf}td a'4sf] d"lt{ ;g\ @)!# h"g @! df /flvPsf] xf] ._
 o'g]:sf]n] sf7df8f}Fdf /fli6«o sfof{nosf] :yfkgf slxn] u/]sf] xf] < — ;g\ !((* .
 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;b:o gePsf t/ o'g]:sf]sf] ;b:o ePsf d'ns ' s'g–s'g x'g\ < — Niue, Cook, Islands / Palestine .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 22 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 o'g]:sf]n] tof/ kf/]sf] …Map of World HeritageÚ ;fO6df /fv]sf ( kmf]6fdWo] g]kfnsf] s'g kmf]6f] ;dflxt 5 < — eQmk'/ b/af/ If]q .
 o'g]:sf]n] ljZj b:tfj]hdf ;"rLs[t u/]sf g]kfnsf @ d"Nojfg\ kf08'lnkL s'gs'g x'g\ < — tGq;DaGwL …lgZjf;Qª\3j ;+lxtfÚ /
cfo'j]{b;DaGwL …;'?tf ;+lxtfÚ .
 ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf g]kfnsf slt j6f ;Dkbfx¿ ;"rLs[t 5g\ <— !) j6f .
ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t g]kfnsf !) ;Dkbfx¿
;Dkbfsf] gfd ;dfj]z ldlt
! kz'kltgfy ;g\ !(&(
@ xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/ ;g\ !(&(
# af}4gfy :t"k ;g\ !(&(
$ :joDe"gfy ;g\ !(&(
% kf6g b/af/ ;g\ !(&(
^ eQmk'/ b/af/ ;g\ !(&(
& rfFu'gf/fo0f ;g\ !(&(
* ;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgs'~h ;g\ !(&( -ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyf_ .
( lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h ;g\ !(*$ -u}+8f, af3 / uf]xL ;+/If0fsf] nflu_ .
!) n'lDagL ;g\ !((& -eujfg\ a'4sf] hGd:yn ePsfn]_ .
lgDg dxTjk"0f{ Capsules ofb ug'{xf];\ M
 dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;GwL (CEDAW), UNO sf] dxf;efaf6 ;g\ !(&( df g} kfl/t ePsf] lyof] .
 cd]l/sL j}1flgs jf6/d]gn] kmfpG6]g k]gsf] cfljisf/ ;g\ !**$ df u/]sf lyP . To:t} GMT(cGt//fli6«o ;do/]vf)sf] lgwf{/0f klg ;g\
!**$ df g} ePsf] lyof] .
 Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sn ;g\ !((& kfl/t ePsf] lyof] . To:t} BIMSTEC sf] :yfkgf klg ;g\ !((& df g} ePsf] lyof] .
ljleGg d7dlGb/ tyf ltgsf] cjl:ylt
d7dlGb/ cjl:ylt d7dlGb/ cjl:ylt
dxfb]j ;DaGwL
un]Zj/ dxfb]j DofUbL hn]Zj/ dxfb]j dxf]Q/L
u'Kt]Zj/ dxfb]j kfFru/ s'n]Zj/ dxfb]j l;Gw'nL
tf}n]Zj/ dxfb]j slknj:t' xn];L dxfb]j vf]6fª
eujtL ;DaGwL
kflye/f eujtL tfKn]h'ª l5Ggd:tf eujtL ;Kt/L
knf~rf]s eujtL sfe|]knf~rf]s v}/fjfª eujtL ;Nofg
a9Ldflnsf eujtL afh'/f
b]jL ;DaGwL
l;+xb]jL kfFry/ lbGtfªb]jL wgs'6f
rf}b08Lb]jL pbok'/ dfofb]jL ?kGb]xL
sflnsfb]jL ?s'd rDkfb]jL cf]vn9'Ëf
e'6gb]jL dsjfgk'/ sª\sfnLb]jL af/f
Hjfnfb]jL b}nv
] hfnkfb]jL÷;'dfb]jL aemfª
j/bfb]jL c5fd pu|tf/fb]jL 88]Nw'/f
cfndb]jL :ofª\hf d]nf}nLb]jL a}t8L
lqk'/f ;'Gb/Lb]jL sflnsf]6 lqk'/f ;'Gb/Lsf] dlGb/ 8f]Nkf
O{Zj/L ;DaGwL
afu]Zj/L dlGb/ afFs] z}n]Zj/L dlGb/ 8f]6L
eLd]Zj/ dlGb/ bf]nvf O;fg]Zj/ dlGb/ ndh'ª
gfy ;DaGwL
kz'kltgfy sf7df8f}F d'lQmgfy d':tfª
uf]/vgfy uf]/vf rGbggfy h'Dnf
j}Bgfy c5fd huGgfy a}t8L
afaf ;DaGwL
l;4afaf ?kGb]xL l;l4afaf s~rgk'/
a]8fafaf s}nfnL

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 23 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
sfqm]ljxf/ ;'v]{t af}4ljxf/ nlntk'/
lj/f6sfnL df]/ª l;4sfnL ;+v'jf;ef
a/fx If]q ;'g;/L 9f]/ a/fx tgx'F
hLljt s'df/Lx¿
>L s'df/L sf7df8f}F nfos' >L s'df/L kf6g
PsfGt >L s'df/L eQmk'/ g'jfsf]6 >L s'df/L g'jfsf]6
cGo dxTjk"0f{ dlGb/ tyf ltgsf] cjl:ylt
dlGb/ cjl:ylt dlGb/ cjl:ylt
;tf;L wfd Emfkf af}4gfy, dfO:yfg, nf?Daf Onfd
kfyLe/f dlGb/ tfKn]h'ª a"9f;'Aaf ;'g;/L
l;+xjflxgL t]x|y'd ;xn]z dlGb/ l;/fxf
sflnsf dlGb/ afUn'ª Clifs]zj dlGb/ kfNkf
/];'Ëf, ch'{g, ?b|j]gL, l/8L, O{Zdfsf]6, >[Ëf u'NdL lqj]0fL, jfNdLls cf>d gjnk/f;L
lt/f}nfsf]6 slknj:t' ;'kf b]p/fnL c3f{vfFrL
:ju{åf/L Ko"7fg :ofª\jf]r] u'Daf ;f]n'v'Da'
hfgsL dlGb/ wg'iff u9LdfO{ af/f
nfs]{£ofª l;Gw'kfNrf]s gdf]a'4 sfe|]knf~rf]s
uf];fOFs'08 /;'jf dgsfdgf uf]/vf
b]j3f6 tgx'F ljGWofjfl;gL, tfnaf/fxL, zflGt:t"k sf:sL
tkf]jg, dlNnsfh''{g bfr'{nf b]ptL aHo}, sfqm]ljxf/ ;'v]{t
Goftkf]n, tn]h' ejfgL, bQfq]o eQmk'/ s[i0f dlGb/ nlntk'/
r08L:yfg ef]hk'/ e'6gb]jL dsjfgk'/
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgf]Q/x¿
 …ntfg]{ ljjfxÚ s'g hflt;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — 5GTofn .
 …b'nxfb'nxL dlGb/Ú sxfF /x]sf] 5 < — wg'iff .
 xf8gftfdf ljjfx ug]{ / Gjf/g gug]{ hflt s'g xf] < — /fp6] .
 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf du/x¿n] af]Ng] efiffnfO{ s] elgG5 < — sfOs] .
 bg'jf/x¿sf] d'Vo a;f]af; ePsf] If]q s'g xf] < — l;Gw'nL .
 ;tf/ hfltdf k|rlnt !@ k|sf/sf] ljjfxnfO{{ s] elgG5 < — jfknf .
 d[tssf] s]z / gªnfO{ c:t' dfgL gbLdf aufpg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf] 5 < — ;tf/ .
 ltxf/df cfˆgf ufO{j:t'sf k5fl8 ;F'u'/ afFw]/ l3;fg]{ /dfOnf] kj{ s'g xf] / s'g hfltdf k|rlnt 5 < — b'/fxf kj{ -uGufO{F hflt_ .
 d';x/ hfltsf] s'nb]jtfnfO{ s] elgG5 < — lbgfeb|L .
 ;tf/ hfltdf ;'8]gLsf] sfd ug]{ dlxnfnfO{ ====== elgG5 . — b'lu{g a"9L .
 u'?ª ;d'bfodf ;d"xsf] d'Vo dflg;nfO{{ s] elgG5 < — lrjf .
 bz}F gfFr s'g hfltdf k|rlnt /x]sf] 5 < — ;tf/ .
 b';fwx¿sf] s'nb]jtfnfO{ ======= elgG5 . — ;xn]; .
 ;'Fu'/ kfNg] / s;fO{{sf] sfd ug]{ hflt s'g xf] < — b';fw .
 c;f/] k"hf -l;l/hft_ s'g hfltsf] k|d'v rf8 xf] < — lwdfn .
 ;tf/ hfltsf dlxnfx¿n] nufpg] kf]zfsnfO{ s] elgG5 < — kfnfxfGbf .
 yf? hfltsf dflg;n] 3/sf] leQfdf snfTds ¿kdf lrq sf]g]{ z}nLnfO{ s] elgG5 < — df]vf .
 …u]x8L gfFrÚ s'g hfltdf k|rlnt /x]sf] 5 < — dfemL .
 ljjfx x'g'eGbf @ xKtf cufl8 g} b'nxfsf] @ xft / @ v'§f / 3fF6Ldf bfDnf]n] afFw]/ s'6'Daåf/f pkb]z lbg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf]
5 < — dfemL .
 ;tf/x¿ cfkm"nfO{ s] eGb5g\ < — xf]/ .
 gjlzz'nfO{ Ps ?k}ofF / Ps OF6f lbg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf] 5 < — df8jf/L .
 ;f7L jif{ k'Ubf dgfOg] pT;jnfO{ ======== elgG5 < — lx/s hoGtL .
 s'g wdf{jnDaLsf dflg;n] db/;fdf uP/ ljBf cfh{g ub{5g\ < — d';ndfg .
 cfdfafa'sf] lsl/of !# lbgeGbf a9L ug'{ gkg]{ rng s;n] rnfPsf x'g\ < — h'4 zdz]/ .
 v}/fjfª eujtLsf] dlGb/ s'g lhNnfdf cjl:yt /x]sf] 5 < — ;Nofg .
 …lj/x]g gfFrÚ s'g hfltdf k|rlnt /x]sf] 5 < — yf? .
 v's'/L /fVg] vf]nnfO{ bfk elgG5 eg] t/jf/ /fVg] vf]nnfO{ s] elgG5 < — Dofg .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 24 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 jiff{ / bofsf b]jtf eg]/ s;nfO{ lrlgG5 < — dlR5Gb|gfy .
 wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts dxTjsf] k|l;4 k/Dk/fut …e"kfqÚ hfqf sxfF k|rlnt /x]sf] 5 < — eQmk'/ .
 3f]8f afFWg] 7fpFnfO{ ta]nf elgG5 eg] xfQL afFWg] 7fpFnfO{ s] elgG5 < — xfQL;f/ .
 lxGb" / af}4 wd{df rnL cfPsf] cfWoflTds afhf s'g xf] < — 3G6f .
 lzGtf] wd{ sxfF k|rlnt 5 < — hfkfg .
 g]jf/ ;d'bfodf a]n;Fu ljjfx x'g] k|rngnfO{ s] elgG5 < — OxL .
 kf6gsf kfFr :t"ksf] lgdf{0f s;n] u/]sf x'g\ < — ldq;]g .
 a'4nfO{ dfg{ vf]Hg] leIf' sf] x'g\ < — b]jbQ .
 ljgfof], jL0ff / sgf{ndWo] s'g afhf km's]/ ahfOG5 < — jL0ff .
 jiff{ x'g] sfdgf ub}{ h]7 dlxgfdf …uf]?a]ngf kj{Ú s'g hfltdf k||rlnt /x]sf] 5 < — yf? .
 lj>fGtL dlGb/ s'g gbLsf] lsgf/df cjl:yt 5 < — tdf]/ .
 ljjfxdf b'nxLnfO{ ljbfO ubf{ aQL / ljifsf] Kofnf lbg] rng s'g hfltdf 5 < —yf? .
 yf? ;+u|xfno lrtjgdf /x]sf] 5 eg] yf? ;f+:s[lts ;+u|xfno s'g 7fpFdf /x]sf] 5 < — alb{ofsf] 7fs'/åf/ .
 yf? hfltdf 3/–h'jfOF a:g] k/Dk/fnfO{ s] elgG5 < — EjfF/k}Ggf .
 …j8\sf Otjf/Ú s'g hfltsf] kj{ xf] < — yf? .
 bfª lhNnfdf a:g] yf?nfO{ ======= elgG5 . — 8uf}/f yf? .
 yf? hfltsf dlxnfn] 3fF6Ln] nufpg] rGb|df cfsf/sf] rfFbLsf] uxgfnfO{ ====== elgG5 . — x;'nL .
 lnDa"x¿n] jif{df Ps k6s lkt[x¿sf nflu ug]{ k"hfsf] gfd s] xf] < — tf]ª\l;ª .
 lnDa" hfltdf k|rlnt wfg gfFrnfO{ ========= klg elgG5 . — ofnª\df .
 ljjfxdf hGtL hfFbf / dnfdL cufl8 aGb"s k8\sfpg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf] 5 < — lnDa" .
 lnDa" hfltdf k"hf ul/g] Oi6b]jLnfO{ ====== elgG5 . — Odf;ª .
 lnDa" efiffsf] k|yd 6]lnrnlrq s'g xf] < — tv]jf .
 zky vfFbf b'af] / 9'ª\uf] lnP/ zky vfg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf] 5 < — lnDa" .
 lnDa"x¿n] cfˆgf k"j{h s;nfO{ dfGb5g\ < — kf?xfª -lzjhL_ / ;'lDgdf -kfj{tL_ .
 lnDa"x¿sf] :qL k'/f]lxtnfO{ ====== elgG5 . — 3]df .
 ;'Wb\ofO{ ubf{ rf}tf/L agfpg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf] 5 < — lnDa" .
 t/fnL du/x¿sf] k|d'v rf8 s'g xf] < — r}tL .
 >LdtL x'Fbfx'Fb} nf]Ug]n] csL{ >LdtL NofPdf nf]Ug] g} 3/ 5f]8\g'kg]{ rng s'g hfltdf 5 < — Nxf]dL .
 s]6L eufP/ nu]kl5 s]6Lsf afa'cfdf;Fu dfkmL dfUg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf] 5 < — afx|ufpFn] .
 h]7f] bfh';Fu g5'l§O{ a;]df dfq sfG5f] efOsf] k}t[s ;DklQdf clwsf/ /xg] rng====== hfltdf /x]sf] 5 . — afx|ufpFn] .
 tf/f] xfGg] k|ltof]lutf s'g hfltdf k|rlnt /x]sf] 5 < — dgfª\u-] dgfª\jf_ .
 …5]jfÚ eg]sf] s] xf] < — z]kf{x¿sf] >4f .
 z]kf{ hfltsf dlxnfn] nufpg] kf]zfsnfO{ ====== elgG5 . — kfª\b]g .
 x'Dnf lhNnfsf nfdfx¿n] Nxf];f/ kj{kl5 dgfpg] pT;jnfO{ s] elgG5 < — dfg] pT;j .
 z]kf{ hfltsf] lrxfgdfly agfOg] :df/snfO{ s] elgG5 < — dfg] .
 ======= hfltsf] ljjfxdf b'nxfsf] ;fydf clgjfo{ ¿kn] sfnf] 5ftf x'g'kb{5 . — /fO{
 …;fofa'ªÚ s];Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — /fO{ efiffsf] k|yd 6]lnrnlrq .
 /fO{ hfltsf] nf]slk|o afhf ===== xf] . — ljgfof] .
 …5]jf/Ú s'g hflt;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — /fO{ .
 5]jf/ eg]sf] s] xf] < — dfdfn] #–% jif{sf] aLrsf] pd]/df ufO{sf] bfDnf]n] unfdf afFWg] k|rng .
 k"j{sf dflg; eGgfn] g]kfnsf s'g hfltnfO{ a'lemG5 < — z]kf{ .
 z]kf{ hfltsf dflg;n] dfGohgnfO{ ug]{ clejfbgnfO{ ======== elgG5 . — Xofª\;';L .
 …lrGxf] hfGxf]Ú s] xf] < — r]kfª efiffsf] klqsf .
 uf]/vfsf] pQ/–k"jL{ If]qsf] l;of/vf]nfsf] lsgf/df a:g] hfltnfO{ s] elgG5 < — r'Daf -r'DafnfO{ l;of/ klg elgG5_ .
 Nxf];f/sf] d'Vo lbgnfO{ s] elgG5 < — 5]rL .
 306L ahfpFbf pQfgf] kf/]/ ahfpg] rng s'g hfltdf 5 < — 8f]Nkf] .
 æc:tfRof] / gfdw/Æ s'g hfltsf wd{u|Gy x'g\ < — n]Krf .
 r]kfª hfltsf] pTyfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] slxn]b]v k|hf ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng u¥of] < — lj=;+= @)#% .
 lrtjg lhNnfsf] zlQmvf]/df r]kfª ;+u|xfnosf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < — lj=;+= @)^! d+l;/ !! ut] -:d/0f /xf];\M g]kfn /
ef/taLr bf]xf]/f] s/ d'lQm ;Demf}tf lj=;+= @)^* d+l;/ !! ut] ePsf] lyof] ._
 g]jf/L efiffsf] klxnf] klqsf s'g xf] < — kf;f-;fyL_ .
 j[4fj:yfdf # k6s;Dd ul/g] g]jf/L ;+:sf/nfO{ s] elgG5 < — hª\sf]-ledf/f]yf/xg_ .
 dxfsfnL gfFr s'g hflt;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — Hofk" .
 Clif tk{0fL jf hg}k"l0f{dfnfO{ g]jf/x¿n] s] eGb5g\ < — u'Fk'GxL .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 25 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657/9851095070 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff, lzIfs;]jf
 df}/L afhf s'g hfltsf] k/Dk/fut afhf xf] < — 5GTofn .
 5f]/L–HjfOFn] c+z kfpg] k|yf s'g hfltdf 5 < — dtjfnL If]qL .
 ljjfxsf nflu s]6L dfUg hfFbf Ps dfgf rfdn, Pp6f ;'kf/L, Ps af]Qn /S;L / Pp6f a+u'/sf] kf7f] n}hfg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf]
5 < — uGwj{ .
 xfo'x¿n] dgfpg] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] rf8 s'g xf] < — b]jL k"hf .
 xfo'x¿n] b]jL k"hf slxn] dgfpFb5g\ < — kmfNu'0f-hf]/ jif{df_ / df3-ljhf]/ jif{df_ .
 af}4dfuL{x¿n] ug]{ ;Dos k"hfdf /fhfnfO{ s]sf] cjtf/sf] ¿kdf lnOGYof] < — hLljt af]lw;Tj .
 ljx] x'g' cufl8 g} c¿;Fu s/0fL u/L lalu|Psf] yfxf kfpFbfkfpFb} klg ljjfx u/L hGd]sf] 5f]/fnfO{ s] elgG5 < — ys'Nnf] .
 …g'dfkm'ªÚ s];Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — lnDa" efiffdf lgld{t rnlrq .
 u'?ª hfltsf] k|yd 6]lnrnlrq s'g xf] < — kft] .
 z]kf{ hfltsf] wd{u|GynfO{ s] elgG5 < — kmf]Uo' .
 5GTofn hfltsf] d'Vo rf8 s'g xf] < — nfFuf .
 9f]sfdf s'v'/fsf] efn] sf6L /utdf s'NrfP/ b'nxL leq\ofpg] rng s'g hfltdf 5 < — du/ .
 …kf]Nbf]sÚ zAb s'g hflt;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — lh/]n .
 s'g hfltn] e6df; / cb'jfnfO{ kljq j:t' dfGb5g\ < — kx/L .
 …;ËLgf gfFrÚ s'g hflt;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < — jfDa'n] /fO{ .
 …uf}td a'4 eljiodf ;Gof;L aGg]5g\Ú egL eljiojf0fL ug]{ sf] x'g\ < — sf}l80o .
 e}/jn] d'lQmn] k|fKt u/]sf] 7fpFnfO{ s] elgG5 < — skfndf]rg .
 uf}/f kj{df s'g b]jtfsf] k"hf ul/G5 < — kfj{tL / lzjsf] .
 af}4dfuL{x¿sf] zf:qLo g[TonfO{ s] elgG5 < — rof{ gfFr .
 klxnf] k6s /h:jnf ePsL lszf]/LnfO{ s] elgG5 < — cgulgsf .
 ysfnLx¿sf] …Nxf km]jfÚ rf8 sltslt jif{df dgfpg] ul/G5 < — !@÷!@ jif{df .
 ysfnL hfltn] hg} ljgf ebf}df ug]{ j|taGwgnfO{ s] elgG5 < — ebf}ufjf .
 tfdfª hfltn] ahfpg] afhf 8Dkm" s]sf] 5fnfaf6 agfpg] ul/G5 < — d[u .
 s'g hfltsf] ljjfxdf l;Gb"/ k|yf k|rngdf 5}g < — tfdfª .
 ysfnLx¿n] lkt[x¿nfO{ lk08bfg lbg] sfo{nfO{ s] elgG5 < — lvdL-dlxnfx¿sf] dfq ;xeflutf /xg]_ .
 ;Daf]wg ubf{ Ps cfk;df …tfdfªÚ eGg] rng s'g hfltdf /x]sf] 5 < — ysfnL .
 tfdfªx¿n] >fj0f k"l0f{dfsf lbg ug]{ k"hfnfO{ s] elgG5 < — gf/f] .
 tfdfª efiff / lnkLdf lnlvt klxnf] klqsf s'g xf] < — hfDa'lnª .
 ljx]af/Ldf ndLsf] sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{ tfdfªx¿ s] eGb5g\ < — tfDaf .
 tfdfª hfltdf 3]jf ubf{ !)* j6f aQL afNg] sfo{nfO{ s] elgG5 < — UofDaf .
 ;'b"/klZrdf~rndf v; tyf afx'gx¿n] dfGg] s'nb]jtfnfO{ s] elgG5 < — d:6f] .
 d}lynL ;d'bfodf gofF b'nxfb'nxLnfO{ ;'gfOg] syfnfO{ s] elgG5 < — dw'>j0fL
 lwd] gfFr g]jf/ hfltdf k|rlnt 5 eg] :ofa|' gfFr s'g ;d'bfodf k|rlnt 5 < — z]kf{ .
 sfu / s's'/nfO{ s]sf] b"tsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 < — od/fh .
 rdf/ hfltsf] dlxnfnfO{ s] elgG5 < — rd}g .
 s'g hfltsf] nf]s ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fnfO{ …cNnf ?bnÚ elgG5 < — 8'd .
 /fp6]h:t} lkm/Gt] hLjg latfpg] g]kfnsf] cNk;+Vos hflt s'g xf] < — s8f}/L .
 ufO{hfqfnfO{ g]kfn efiff cyf{t\ g]jf/L efiffdf ========= elgG5 . — ;fkf? .
 lkt[nfO{ tk{0f lbg k|of]u ul/g] u}+8fsf] vfuaf6 agfOPsf] efF8f]nfO{ s] elgG5 < — vuf}tf] .
 lwdfn hfltsf dlxnfx¿n] nufpg] 3/a'gf sk8fåf/f lgld{t 5ftLb]lv 3'F8f;Dd 9fSg] vfnsf] k/Dk/fut kf]zfsnfO{ s] elgG5 < —
jf]gf jf k]6fgL .
$= cfg'k|fl;s zAb / ltgsf] cy{
rf]gfd r]kfª hfltsf] d'Vo kj{ h'g efb| dlxgfdf dgfOG5 .
5f]gfd u'?ª hfltdf e]63f6 jf k|0fosf] cj;/df s]6fn] s]6LnfO{ lbg] pkxf/ .
kmf]gfd u'?ª hfltdf e]63f6 jf k|0fosf] cj;/df s]6Ln] s]6fnfO{ lbg] pkxf/ .
;f]gfd tfdfª hfltn] dgfpg] Nxf];f/nfO{ ;f]gfd elgG5 .
;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff Mzfvf clws[t, gf=;'=,vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/,c;O, cg';Gwfg, RBB, ADBL, NBL, NRB, CMA, ANM, JTA, AMIN 26 gofF sIff M wdfwd eOx/]sf 5g\ .
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977

g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;

s[lif
 g]kfnsf] cy{ Joj:yfsf] d''Vo cfwf/ — s[lif
 slt k|ltzt hgtf s[lifdf — ^)=$ k|ltzt
 g]kfndf v]tL ul/Psf] e"ld — !* k|ltzt
 s'n e''—efusf] v]tLof]Uo hldg — !&=(& k|ltzt
 s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfg — @#=( k|ltzt
 k|ltJolQm s[lif of]Uo e''ld — )=!( x]S6/
 s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf u}/ s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfg — &# k|ltzt
 cf=j= ;j]{If0f cg';f/ s[lif If]qsf] jflif{s cfly{s j[l44/ — %=! k|ltzt
afnL
k|d'v % vfBfg wfg, ds}, ux''F, hf}, sf]bf], kmfk/
k|d'v % bnxg d;'/f], e6df;, df;, c/x/, rgf
k|d'v /]zfbf/ ;gkf6 / skf;
k|d'v gub]afnL cfn'' / t]nxg
k|d'v % cf}B]flus afnLx? pv'', h'6, skf;, lrof, skmL
s'n s[lif pTkfbgsf] kl/df0fdf ljleGg afnLsf] c+z
 vfBfGg — $$=# k|ltzt
 t/sf/L — !&=! k|ltzt
 gub]afnL — !%=@ k|ltzt
 cf}Bf]lus — !#=@ k|ltzt
 cGo — $=# k|ltzt
 s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;df cg';Gwfgdfkm{t of]ubfg k''¥ofpg :yflkt ;+:yf — g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\
 s[lif bzssf ?kdf dgfOPsf cfjlws of]hgf — bzf} / P3f/f}
 gub]afnL — gubdf ;lhn} ?kfGt/0f x'g] afnL
 /]zfhGo j:t' ljsf; s]Gb| sxfF — kj{t
 jfl0fHosf] v}/f] sfuh — ;gkf6
 g]kfn cb''jf pTkfbgdf slt cf}F :yfgdf —#
 rf}/L ufO{sf] s'g efu wfld{s b[li6n] dxTjk''0f{ — k''R5/
 ljZjd} g]kfndf dfq kfOg] kmn — nK;L
 ;a}eGbf a9L s[lif pTkfbg x''g] k|b]z — k|b]z g+= !
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] s[lif j}1flgs — t''nf/fd j}B
 g]kfnaf6 lgof{t x'g] k|d'v s[lifhGo j:t''x? — t/sf/L, lrof, d;nf, af];f], kz'' cfxf/f
 g]kfndf k}7f/L x'g] k|d'v s[lifhGo j:t''x? — wfg, ds}, t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, kz''klGIfsf] cfxf/f
 a}1flgs gfd — hL d]h
 jg:klt ju{ — hL
 cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf o;sf] gfd — Ol08og sg{
 g]kfndf lelqPsf] b]z — ef/t
 g]kfndf ds}af/] n]Vg] klxnf] lj4fg\ — ss{ k]l6«s
 g]kfndf k|ltx]S6/ cf}ift ds} pTkfbg — !=* b]lv @ d]l6«s 6g
lrof If]q
 3f]lift lhNnfx? — kfFry/, Onfd, emfkf, wgs''6f, t]x|y'd
 3f]if0ff ldlt — lj=;= @)#(
 3f]if0ff ug]{ — >L % jL/]Gb|
lrof lbj;
 dgfpg] lbg — a}zfv !%
 @)&^ sf] gf/f — ;d[4 g]kfn / ;'vL g]kfnsf] cleofgdf lrof pBf]usf] ljsf; / ;+/If0f u/f}F .
 @)&* sf] gf/f — u'0f:t/Lo lrof pTkfbg / ;'lglZrt ahf/, lrofsf] lgof{t cfly{s ;d[l4sf] cfwf/
 dgfpg ;''? — lj=;= @)%$
 @)&& df sf]le8sf sf/0f gdgfOPsf]
lrof ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg @)&%
 ;fj{hlgs — @)&% c;f/ @(
 ;a}eGbf a9L lrof aufg ePsf] lhNnf — Onfd
 ;a}eGbf a9L If]qkmndf lrof v]tL ePsf] lhNnf — emfkf
1|Page Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 w]/} lrof pTkfbg x'g] lhNnf — emfkf
cn}rL
 pTkfbg x'g] k|d'v lhNnf — tfKn]h'ª, kfFry/, Onfd, wgs'6f, ;+v'jf;ef, t]x|y'd
 w]/} pTkfbg x'g] lhNnf — tfKn]h'ª
 v]tL x'g] prfO — ;d''b| ;txb]lv &)) ld6/ b]lv @@)) ld=
 tfkqmd — ( b]lv @)) ;]lG6u|]8
 g]kfnsf slt lhNnfdf v]tL — #^
 lrgf/L — vf]N;fsf] ;'g, sfnf] ;'g
 cn}rLsf k|sf/x? — enf{Ë], lhd{n], 8Da/;fO{, uf]n;fO{, /fd;fO{
cfly{s ljsf; ;+u ;DalGwt ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lbj;x?
lrof a}zfv !% ;+rf/ d] !&
slkm d+l;/ ! xl/t phf{ clk|n !%
wfg c;f/ !% >lds d] !
cfn' r}q dlxgfdf -sf:sLsf] x]Dhfdf_ ;fIf/tf ;]K6]Da/ *
vfB cS6f]a/ !^ ko{6g ;]K6]Da/ @&
eG;f/ hgj/L @^ u''0f:t/ cS6f]a/ !$
s[lif;+u ;DalGwt dxTjk''0f{ ldltx?
 g]kfndf e''ld;''wf/ sfo{qmd slxn] — lj=;= @)@!
 g]kfn e''ld;''wf/ art ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @)@#
 /fli6«o b''Uw ljsf; af]8{sf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @)$*
 /fli6«o s[lif gLlt slxn] hf/L — lj=;= @)^#
 s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt hf/L — lj=;= @)&@
s[lif ;DaGwL cGo hfgsf/L
Pef]sf8f] v]tLsf] Jofj;flos v]tL ul/Psf] wgs'6f
/]zd v]tLsf] ;''?jft cf=j= @)#@.##
6«kn Rofpsf] Jofj;flos ;''?jft /f]Nkf -lj=;= @)&)_
/a/ v]tLsf] ;''?jft sxfF / slxn] emfkf, lj=;= @)$&
/]Gaf] 6«fp6 df5f kfngsf] ;''?jft g''jfsf]6, ;g\ !(()
h}t'g v]tLsf] ;''?jft dsjfgk'/, lj=;= @)%@
* c sf] lhNnf Onfd
-cn}FrL, csa/] v';f{gL, cld|;f], cf]ng, cb''jf, cfn'', cf]v/, cyf]{8S;
lrof_
:ofp v]tL x'g] If]q lxdfnL If]q
;a}eGbf a9L vfBfGg pTkfbg x'g] lhNnf emfkf
;''kf/L pTkfbg x'g] k|d'v lhNnf emfkf
yf]kf l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf] ;''?jft ug]{ b]z Oh/fon
/]n PKkn elgg] kmn uf]ne]8f
g]kfndf l6:;'' sNr/ u/L ;j{k|yd tof/ ul/Psf] afln cfn''
s'g If]qnfO{ Engine of Growth s[lif
;a}eGbf k'/fgf] s[lif pkh e6df;
ljZjdf ;a}eGbf a9L pTkfbg x'g] afnL ds}
g]kfnsf] klxnf] vfB tyf s[lif dGqL e/tdl0f zdf{
a9L l6d'/ kmNg] lhNnf ;Nofg
g]kfndf dfq kfOg] Rofp 6«flkmgf g]kfn]lG;;
ljZjdf ;a}eGbf a9L cb''jf pTkfbg ug]{ b]z ef/t
:ofpsf] ljFof km''kfh''
gf;klts]f ljof legfh''
g]kfnsf] klxnf] l;FrfO cfof]hgf rGb| gx/
s'g lhNnf s] sf nflu k|l;4
 h''gf/ — l;Gw'nL  z+Vv/ — a}t8L
 skmL — u''NdL  :ofp — h''Dnf
 lrof — Onfd  t/sf/L — eQmk'/
 cn}rL — tfKn]h'ª  tf]/L — lrtjg
 af]lwlrQ — sfe|]  cDaf — w''lga];L
 h}t'g — afh''/f  cb''jf — ;Nofg

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Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 nf]Qmf — bf]nvf
Ps uf+p Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmdaf/] hfgsf/L
 ljZjdf ;''? — ;g\ !(&(
 ;''? ug]{ JolQm — hfkfgsf df?lxtf] lx/fdfTy''
 sfof{Gjog ePsf] — ;g\ !(*)
 v]tL ul/Psf] klxnf] :yfg — cf]Otf lk|km]Sr/
 yfONof08df o;sf] gfd — One Tambon one product
 g]kfndf ;j{k|yd ;'? — ;g\ @))^
 ;j{ k|yd ul/Psf] v]tL — nf]Qmf, bf]nvf
 nf]uf] ;fj{hlgs — @)&! c;f]h !@
 nf]uf]sf l8hfOg/ — gjHof]lt ;''j]bL
g]kfnsf $@ lhNnfdf ;+rflnt
pTkfbg lhNnf pTkfbg lhNnf pTkfbg lhNnf
Onfd g''jfsf]6 df5fsf] bfgf, t]x|y'd
s[lif ko{6g, lslj v]tL afv|fkfng
6«fp6 df5f
pbok'/ kj{t bfª afv|fkfng,
afv|fkng, cls{8 km''n nK;L
cls{8 k''mn
s~rgk'/ s]/f kfFry/ csa/] v'';f{gL bf]nvf nf]Qmf
sfe|] afv|fkfng, 8]/L kfNkf cb''jf wgs''6f afv|fkfng
sf:sL s[lif ko{6g alb{of a]n wg''iff df5f
s}nfnL rfdn k|zf]wg afFs] d;''/f] bfn DofUbL l6d''/
vf]6fª cfn'' afh''/f h}t'g v]tL /fd]5fk h''gf/
uf]/vf afUn''ª /;''jf /]Gaf] 6«fp6
s[lif ko{6g xft] sfuh
df5f
lrtjg s]/f eQmk'/ nK;L ?kGb]xL 8]/L
emfkf ;''kf/L ef]hk'/ ;''Gtnf ndh''ª u|fld0f s[lif
8f]6L af:dtL wfg, h/fOnf] dxf]Q/L cfn'' nlntk'/ cls{8 km'n
tfKn]h'ª cn}rL dsjfgk'/ lsla v]tL ;Kt/L cfFk
;''g;/L a];f/ l;Gw''kfNrf]s cuf{lgs slkm ;Nofg cb''jf
l;Gw''nL :ofª\hf slkm, cb''jf
h''gf/
k|zf]wg
l;/xf a]n
!% cF} of]hgfdf s[lif
 s[lif If]qsf] j[l4b/ xfn slt /x]sf] — $=* k|ltzt
 s[lif If]qsf] j[l4b/ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf] — %=$ k|ltzt
 s[lifsf] xfn s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf of]ubfg — @& k|ltzt
 s[lifsf] s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf of]ubfg slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — @@=# k|ltzt
 k|d'v afnLx?sf] aLp k|lt:yfkg b/ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — @% k|ltzt
 s[lif >dsf] pTkfbsTj slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — &!% cd]l/sL 8n/ -k|lt x]S6/_
 hldgsf] pTkfbsTj slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — $#$* cd]l/sL 8n/ -k|lt x]S6/_
pBf]u
 g]kfndf ;j{k|yd :yfkgf ePsf] pBf]u — lj/f6gu/ h''6 ldn -lj=;= !((#_
 lj/f6gu/ h''6 ldnsf] :yfkgf — lj=;= !((#
 g]kfndf pBf]u lbj; — d+l;/ ( -dgfpg ;'? lj=;= @)^( b]lv_
 cf}Bf]lus If]qx?sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ lgsfo — cf}Bf]lus If]q Joj:yfkg lnld6]8
 cfly{s ;j]{If0f c'g;f/ pBf]u If]qsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf of]ubfg — %=^% k|ltzt
pBf]u ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df pB]fux?sf] lx:;f s'n nufgLsf] cfwf/df pBf]ux?sf] lx:;f
 g]kfndf xfn 7"nf pBf]usf] lx:;f — !$=& k|ltzt pBf]u lx:;f -k|ltzt_
o g]kfndf xfn demf}nf pBf]usf] lx:;f — @@=( k|ltzt 7"nf *%=@ k|ltzt
o g]kfndf xfn ;fgf pBf]usf] lx:;f — ^@=$ k|ltzt demf}nf (=^ k|ltzt
;fgf %=@ k|ltzt
g]kfnsf cf}Bf]lus If]qx?

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Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
qm=;= cf}Bf]lus :yfkgf - If]qkmn cjl:yt s;sf] ;xof]u s}lkmot
If]qsf] gfd lj=;=_ -/f]kgL_ lhNnf
1) afnfh'' 2016 670 sf7df8f}F cd]l/sf klxnf] cf}Bf]lus If]q, ;a}eGbf w]/}
dhb'/ sfo{/t /x]s]f If]q
2) x]6f}F8f 2020 2829 dsjfgk'/ cd]l/sf ;a}eGbf a9L If]qkmndf km}lnPsf]
3) kf6g 2020 293 nlntk'/ ef/t
4) w/fg 2029 202 ;' g
' ;/L ef/t
5) g]kfnu~h 2030 233 afFs] ef/t
6) kf]v/f 2031 501 sf:sL g]kfn ;/sf/
7) a''6an 2032 434 ?kGb]xL g]kfn ;/sf/
8) eQmk'/ 2035 71 eQmk'/ hd{gL
9) jL/] G b| g u/ 2038 90 ;' v
' t
{ ] g]b/Nof08
10) wgs''6f 2041 63 wgs''6f g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfnsf] ;fgf]
11) /fhlj/fh 2044 294 ;Kt/L ef/t sfG5f] If]q
k|fb]lzs :t/sf] k|:tfljt cf}Bf]lus If]qx?
cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] cjl:yt lhNnf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] gfd cjl:yt lhNnf
gfd
8'8]emf/L s}nfnL df]ltk'/ ?kGb]xL
nIdLk'/ bfª zlQmvf]/ lrtjg
b}hL s+rgk'/ ;f6fvfgL ;''v]{t
r''k|f b}nv] gf}a:tf afFs]
lrGt''6f/ tgx''F Rofª\nLkmfF6 uf]/vf
;a}nf wg''iff d''lt{of ;nf{xL
cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&^ cg';f/ pBf]usf] juL{s/0f
1. n3' pBd M 3/ hUuf afx]s a9Ldf @) nfv ?k}Fof;Ddsf] l:y/ k''FhL /x]sf]
2. 3/]n' pBf]u — k/Dk/fut ;Lk / k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t
3. ;fgf pBf]u — n3' pBd / 3/]n' pBf]u afx]ssf] !% s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd l:y/ k''FhL ePsf]
4. demf}nf pB]fu — !% s/f]8 b]lv %) s/f]8 l:y/ k'FhL ePsf]
5. 7"nf pB]fu — %) s/f]8 eGbf a9L l:y/ k''FhL ePsf]
pBf]u;+u ;DalGwt cGo
 pBf]u kl/ifb\sf] u7g — lj=;= !((#
 lj/f6gu/ h''6 ldnsf] :yfkgf — lj=;= !((#
 h''4 Dofr km\ofS6«Ls]f :yfkgf — lj=;= !((%
 g]kfn sk8f / 3/]n' Ond k|rf/ c8\8fsf] :yfkgf — lj=;= !((^
 g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgudsf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!^
 ;j{k|yd cf}Bf]lus gLlt slxn] — lj=;= @)!&
 cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g @)&# hf/L — @)&# d+l;/ (
 cf}Bf]lus gLlt @)^& ;fj{hlgs — @)^& h]7 @
 Psn ljGb'' ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ;''?jft — @)&^ h]7 !
 g]kfns]f klxnf] pBf]u dGqL — u0f]zdfg l;+x
!% cf} of]hgfdf pBf]u
 s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg — %=^ k|ltzt
 s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf pBf]u If]qs]f of]ubfg slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — ^=% k|ltzt
 s''n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf l4lto If]qsf] of]ubfg — !$=^ k|ltzt
 /fli6«o /f]huf/Ldf pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg — *=! k|ltzt
 slt pBf]u u|fd k''¥ofpg] nIo — #%! j6f
 slt cf}Bf]lus If]q k''¥ofpg] nIo — !% j6f
 slt ljz]if cfly{s If]q :yfkgf ug]{ — % j6f
Jofkf/
 j:t' tyf ;]jfx?s]f vl/blaqmL — Jofkf/
 Jofkf/sf] k|sf/ — @ - cfGtl/s / afXo_
 b]zleq ul/g] Jofkf/ — cfGtl/s
 b]zaflx/ ul/g] Jofkf/ — afXo

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Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 cfoft eGbf lgof{t a9L ePsf] cj:yf — Jofkf/ art
 lgof{t eGbf cfoft a9L ePsf] cj:yf — Jofkf/ 3f6f
 g]kfn sdf]l8l6h P08 d]6n PS;r]Gh lnld6]8sf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @)^$
 ljb]zaf6 g]kfn leq s''g} dfn;fdfg leq\ofpg' — k}7f/L
 g]kfnsf ;a}eGbf a9L lgsf;L x'g] b]z — ef/t
 g]kfnn] ;d'b|kf/ Jofkf/sf] nflu s'g b]zsf gfsf k|of]u — ef/tsf gfsfx?
 g]kfnsf] tof/L kf]zfssf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ s'g b]z — cd]l/sf
 cf=j= @)&*÷&( df s'n Jofkf/df lgof{tsf] c+z — !)=! k|ltzt
 cf=j= @)&*÷&( df s'n Jofkf/df cfoftsf] c+z — *(=( k|ltzt
 CIP sf] k''/f ?k — Commercially Important Person
 g]kfn ef/t Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLlt ;fj{hlgs — @)^& c;f/ !)
 g]kfn ef/tlar jfl0fHo ;lGw slxn] — @)^^ sflt{s !)
g]kfndf w]/} cfoft ul/g] j:t''x? g]kfnaf6 lgsf;L ul/g] g]kfndf cfoft ul/g] g]kfnaf6 lgsf;L x'g]
d''Vo j:t''x? k|d'v b]zx? b]zx?
! OGwg ! ;f]oflag t]n ! ef/t ! ef/t
@ kmnfd tyf :6Ln @ kfd t]n @ rLg @ cd]l/sf
# d]l;g/L # tof/L kf]zfs # O08f]g]l;of # hd{gL
$ uf8Lk''hf{ $ pgL un}rf $ ch]{lG6gf $ a]nfot
% vfBfGg % h'6 % o' P O{ % k|mfG;
laKkf ;Demf}tf ( Bilateral Investment promotion and protection agreement)
 ;j{k|yd ljKkf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]z — k|mfG;
 xfn;Dd laKkf ;Eemf}tf ePsf b]z — ^ j6f
 clGtd b]z — ef/t
 g]kfn / ef/taLr ljKkf ;Demf}tf — @)^* sflt{s $
 g]kfn / ef/taLrsf] ;Demf}tfdf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 x:tfIf/ — clgn emf, pBf]udGqL
 g]kfn / ef/tlarsf] ;Demf}tfdf ef/tsf tkm{af6 x:tfIf/ — k|0fj d'vhL{, ljQdGqL
 ljKkf ;Demf}tf ePsf b]zx?
qm=;= b]zsf] gfd ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldlt -;g\_ qm=;= b]zsf] gfd ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldlt -;g\_
! k|mfG; !(*# d] @ $ df}l/;; !((( cui6 #
@ hd{gL !(*^ cS6f]a/ @) % lkmgNof08 @))( km]a'|c/L #
# a]nfot !((# dfr{ @ ^ ef/t @)!! cS6f]a/ @!
bf]xf]/f] s/ d''lQm ;Demf}tf (Double Taxation Avoidence Agreements)
 g]kfn;Fu bf]x]f/f] s/ d''lQm ;Demf}tf ug]{ !! cf}F b]z — a+unfb]z
 g]kfn / a+unfb]z aLr bf]xf]/f] s/ d'lQm ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldlt — @)&% kmfu'g @!-@)!( dfr{ %_
 pQm ;Demf}tfdf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQm — nfn z+s/ l3ld/], /fh:j ;lrj
 pQm ;Demf}tfdf a+unfb]zsf tkm{af6 x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQm — d;km{ x'';}g, /fh:j ;lrj
 g]kfnsf xfn;Dd slt b]z ;Fu pQm ;Demf}tf ePsf] — !! b]z
 a+unfb]zsf nflu g]kfn of] ;Demf}tf x'g] b]z slt cf} — #^ cf}F
ko{6g ( Tourism)
 g]kfnn] cjnDag u/]sf] ko{6g gLlt — v'nf / pbf/ ko{6g gLlt
 klxnf] cGtl/If dlxnf ko{6s — cg'';]x cG;f/L, cd]l/sf
 g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df klxnf] ko{6s — ;d|f6 czf]s
 ljZjdf lrgfpg] a|f08 — Naturally Nepal, Once is not enough
 ;xfos a|f08 — Nepal really paradise
 send home a friend s'g of]hgfsf] ko{6g k|j4{g sfo{gLlt — !@ cf}F of]hgf
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] ufFp ko{6g s]Gb| — :ofª\hfsf] l;?jf/L
 ;fs{ /fi6«s} gd''gf dflgg] g]kfnsf] ufFp — 3n] ufFp, ndh''ª
 xfn k|rlnt ko{6g gLlt — ko{6g gLlt @)^%
 g]kfndf ;j{k|yd ko{6g u''?of]hgf — ;g\ !(&@
ko{6g ;DaGwL jt{dfg tYofs+
 tf/] xf]6nsf] ;+Vof — !^@ j6f
 ;g\ @)@) df g]kfndf a9L ko{6s cfpg] kfFr d''n's — ef/t, cd]l/sf, a]nfot, rLg / a+unfb]z
 ko{6sx?sf] ;/b/ a;fO — !%=% lbg
 k|lt ko{6s vr{ k|lt lbg — $* cd]l/sL 8n/

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 ;a}eGbf a9L e|d0f ul/g] uGtJo — n''lDagL
 ;a}eGbf w]/} ko{6sn] kbofqf ug]{ If]q — cGgk''0f{ ;+/If0f If]q
 s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf ko{6g If]qsf] of]ubfg — @=& k|ltzt
 ;a}eGbf a9L ko{6s s] sf] nflu cfp5g\ — dgf]/~hg -gf=;'= @)^(_
 p2]Zo cg';f/ ko{6ssf] cfudg ;+Vof -k|ltzt_
dgf]/~hg kbofqf tLy{ofqf cGo
11.5
15.6
66.8
12.4

 ko{6g kl/ifb\sf] cWoIf — k|wfgdGqL

 ko{6ssf] kbofqf cg'dltkq hf/L ug]{ lgsfo — cWofudg ljefu
 xfO clN6Ro'8 :kf]6{ 6]«lgª ;]G6/sf] :yfkgf sxfF — bf]nvf
 lehg @))% sf] cjwf/0ff Nofpg] JolQm — tfsf;L ldofxf/f, hfkfg
ko{6g cleofgx?
 g]kfn e|d0f jif{ — ;g\ !((*  g]kfn ko{6g jif{ — ;g\ @)!!
 uGtJo g]kfn jif{ — ;g\ @))@—@))#  g]kfn e|d0f jif{ — ;g\ @)@)
ko{6g;+u ;DaGwLt cGo
 ko{6g jif{ @)!! sf] gf/f — ko{6gsf nflu ;Fu;Fu}
 g]kfndf ko{6s k|x/Lsf] Joj:yf — lj=;= @)#%
 ;j{k|yd ko{6g gLlt nfu' — lj=;= @)%@
 ko{6g af]8{sf] :yfkgf — @)%% kf}if !^
 g]kfndf xf]d:6]sf] cf}krfl/s ;''?jft — @)^& efb| !
 g]kfn ko{6g b'/b[li6 @)@) cg';f/ slt ko{6s leq\ofpg] nIo — @) nfv
;ft k|b]zdf 5gf]6 ePsf gof ko{6sLo uGtJo
 k|b]z g+= ! — ;Gb''sk'/, Onfd  n''lDagL — lglUnxjf, slknj:t''
 dw]; — wg''iffwfd, wg''iff  s0ff{nL k|b]z — /f/f, d''u'
 afudtL — s''n]vfgL, dsjfgk'/  ;'b'/klZrd — efbfufFp, s}nfnL
 u08sL k|b]z — k~rf;], sf:sL
Visit Nepal 2020
 gf/f – Lifetime of a Experience -hLjgsfnsf] cg''ej_
 d:s6 – lxddfgj olt
 d:s6sf l8hfOg/ – cfªl5l/ª z]kf{  lutsf] af]n — Welcome to Nepal
 nf]uf] agfpg] – p4j l/dfn  pb\3f6g ldlt — @)&^ kf}if !^
 /fli6«o sfo{qmd ;+of]hs — ;''/h j}B  pb\3f6g ug]{ JolQm — /fi6«klt
 ;km\6 nlGrª ePsf] – @)&% r}q #) ljBfb]jL e08f/L
 dgfpg] lg0f{o — @)&$ >fj0f @(  nf]uf]df /flvPsf lxdfnx? — df5fk''R5]« /
 slt ko{6s leq\ofpg] nIo — @) nfv ;u/dfyf
 lut ;fj{hlgs — @)&^ kf}if *  nf]uf] ;fj{hlgs — @)&% h]7 @%
 lutsf ufos — /fh]zkfon /fO{  a|fl08ª ;lxtsf] nf]uf] ;fj{hlgs — @)&^ c;f/ !#
 lutsf uflosf — j};fln nfdf  nf]uf]df k|of]u ul/Psf] d''Vo /ª — kx]Fnf] / /ftf]
 lutsf zAbsf /rgfsf/ — :jlKgn a/fn  nf]uf]df k|of]u ul/Psf /ªx? — $
 lutsf ;+uLtsf/ — afbn lnDa"  o''/f]ksf] s'g b]zaf6 k|rf/ ;''? — O6fnL
 lutsf] efiff — English
!% cF} of]hgfdf ko{6g
 ljb]zL ko{6ssf] cfudg ;+Vof slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — #% nfv
 ko{6ssf] ;/b/ a;fO slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — !% lbg
 ljbzL ko{6ssf] cf}if; b}lgs vr{ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — !)) cd]l/sL 8n/
 k|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — (! xhf/
 s''n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf ko{6g If]qsf] of]ubfg slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — !) k|ltzt
lqe''jg /fhky
 nDafO — !*( ls=ld=  :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!#

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 ;xof]u — ef/t  pkgfd — afO/f]8
 ;a}eGbf cUnf] efu — l;d e~Hofª  ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] /fhdfu{— lqe''jg /fhky
g]kfnsf s]xL ;''?ªdfu{ / tLgsf] nDafO
 d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf — @&=% ls=ld=  6f]vf 5x/] — $=@ ls=ld=
 e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g — !@=@ ls=ld=  sn+sL — )=* ls=ld= -rLg
 sf7df8f}F x]6f}8f hf]8\g] — #=% ls=ld= ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u_
 gf}la;] gfu9''+uf — @=& ls=ld=
g]kfnsf k|d'v /fhdfu{ tyf /]ndfu{
qm=;= /fhdfu{ tyf /]ndfu{sf] gfd hf]8\g] :yfg b'/L -ls=ld_ lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u
1. sf7df8f}F rqmky 27.2 rLg
2. hgsk'/ hogu/ /]ndfu{ hgsk'/—hogu/ 51 ef/t
3. 6«nL a; lqk'/]Zj/—;''o{ljgfos 13 rLg
4. dgsfdgf s]ansf/ s'l/g6f/—dgsfdgf 2.8 gLlh If]q
5. dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ k"j{ klZrd 1027.67
6. lqe''jg /fhky l;/l;of — lqk'/]Zj/ 189 ef/t
7. l;4fy{ ;''gf}nL — kf]v/f 181
8. c/lgsf] sf7df8f}F— ldt]/L;fFv' 113
9. k[YjL gf}lj;] — kf]v/f 173
10. dbg e08f/L w/fg—wgs''6f 52
11. kf;fªNxfd'' dfu{ sf7df8f}F—w'G' r] 117
12. k''iknfn nfdf];fFv' — /fd]5fk 130
13. 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{ ;''gjn—k/f;L 9
14. eLdbQ kGt dfu{ wgu9L—88]nw'/f 135
15. hok[YjL axfb'/ l;+x vf]8\k—] aemfª 110
16. s0ff{nL af+u]l;dn—h''Dnf 232
17. dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ Rofªyfk''—em''nf3f6 1776
18. aflx/L rqmky 72
19. kmfi6 6«ofs sf7df8f}F—t/fO{ 76
20. dxfsfnL /fhdfu{ df]xgfk''n—bfr''{nf 325
21. /fKtL cd]lnof—d''l;sf]6 196
22. sf]zL /fgL—lxn] 111
23. ;u/dfyf sbdfx—;f]n' ;Nn]/L 265
24. x'nfsL /fhdfu{ k"j{ — klZrd 1792
25. /Tg dfu{ g]kfnu~h—;''v]{t 113
g]kfnsf /fhdfu{ / ltgsf /fli6«o sf]8
qm=;= /fhdfu{sf] gfd nDafO hf]8\g] :yfg sf]8
1 dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ 1027.67 emfkf — s+rgk'/ H 01
2 lqe'jg /fhky 189 jL/u+h — sf7df8F}f H 02
3 c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ 113 sf7df8f}F — sf]bf/L H 03
4 k[YjL /fhdfu{ 176 gf}la;] — k]fv/f H 04
5 gf/fo0fu9 d'lUng 36 gf/fo0fu9 — d''lUng H 05
6 lj=lk=/fhdfu{ 158 w''lnv]n — alb{af; H 06
7 d]rL /fhdfu{ 352 emfkf — tfKn]]h'ª H 07
8 sf]zL /fhdfu{ 111 /fgL — lxn] H 08
9 ;u/dfyf /fhdfu{ 265 sbdfx — ;Nn]/L H 09
10 l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ 181.22 ;''gf}nL — kf]v/f H 10
11 /fKtL 196 cd]lnof — d''l;sf]6 H 11
12 /Tg 91 sf]xnk'/ — ;''v]{t H 12
13 s0ff{nL /fhdfu{ 232 af+u]l;dn — h''Dnf H 13
14 dxfsfnL /fhdfu{ 325 df]xgfk''n — bfr''{nf H 14
15 ;]tL /fhdfu{ 64 :ofpn] ahf/ — ;d''jfu9 H 15
gful/s p8\8og
g]kfndf xjfO Oltxf;df ;j{k|yd

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Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 xjfOhxfh cjt/0f — @))^ a}zfv !!
 xjfO b''3{6gf — @)!& sflt{s @) -e}/xjf ljdfg:yn_
 jf]Oª -h]6_ ljdfg plqPsf] — @)@# kmfu'g @%
 ljdfg ckx/0f -lj/f6gu/—sf7df8f}F_ — @)#) h]7 @$
 lghL If]qdf :yflkt ljdfg;]jf — g]kfn Po/j]h
 xjfO ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]z — ef/t
gful/s p8\8og ;DaGwL cGo
 g]kfn Pc/j]h 4f/f p8fg ;''? — @)$( h]7 $
 lghL ljdfg sDkgLnfO cGt/f{li6«o p8fg ug]{ cg''dlt — @)%# sflt{s @@
 e}/xjf ljdfg:ynsf] gfd kl/jt{g ul/ uf}td a'4 ljdfg:yn gfdfs/0f — @)%% kf}if *
 olt Pc/nfOG;4f/f cfGtl/s p8fg ;''? — @)^$ df3 ^
 aL aL Pc/j]h4f/f p8fg ;''? — @)^( ebf} @*
 g]kfn jfo'';]jf lgudn] ;j{k|yd cfkm\gf] p8fg l;d/faf6 sf7df8f}F — !(%* h''nfO{ $
 stf/ Pc/j]h4f/f g]kfndf p8fg ;''? — ;g\ !((^
 cGt{/fli6«o gful/s p8\8og lbj; — l8;]Da/ &
 lqe''jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] cGt/f{li6«o sf]8 — VNKT
 lqe''jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] /f{li6«o sf]8 — KTM
 g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf xf]rf] ljdfg:yn — lj/f6gu/
 g]kfndf ;a}eGbf w]/} ljdfg:yn ePsf] lhNnf — ;f]n'v'Da''
 xjfO{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] clGtd b]z — ci6]«lnof -@)!( ;]K6]Da/ #)_
 w]/} ljdfg:yn ePsf] lhNnf — ;f]n'v'Da'
 g]kfnsf] ;fF3'/f] ljdfg:yn — lh/L
cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&* ÷ &( df gful/s p8\8og
cGt{/fli6«o p8fg eg]{ g]kfnL jfo'';]jfsf] ;+Vof 3
g]kfndf p8fg eg]{ cGt/f{li6«o jfo'';]jfs]f ;+Vof 22
l4kIfLo xjfO ;Demf}tf ePsf b]z 41
cfGtl/s p8fg eg]{ jfo';]jfs]f ;+Vof 20
cGt{/fli6«o ljdfg:ynsf] ;+Vof 1
;fxl;s / dgf]/~hgfTds p8fg ug]{ sDkgLsf] ;+Vof 80
hDdf ljdfg:ynsf] ;+Vof 53
;a} df};ddf ;+rfng x'g] ljdfg:yn 37
;+rfngdf /x]sf ljdfg:yn 32
b''O{tkm{ xjfO{ l;6 ;+Vof 80 nfv
oftfoft;+u ;DalGwt cGo hfgsf/L
 g]kfndf /]nj] ;]jfsf] ;+rfng — lj=;= !((#
 6«nL a; ;]jf ;+rfng — lj=;= @)!#
 6«nL a; ;]jf k''0f{ ?kdf aGb slxn] — lj=;= @)^*
 ;jf/Lrfns cg''dltkqdf :df6{sf8{sf] Joj:yf — @)&@ d+l;/ !$
 6«nL a; s'g b]zsf] ;xof]udf — rLg
 uf}tda'4 ljdfg:yn Soflna|];g km\nfO6 ;'? — @)&* kmfu'g ^
g]kfn 6]lnlehg
 :yfkgf — @)$! df3 !&
 lgoldt k|;f/0f ;''? — @)$@ >fj0f @(
 e'' pku|xaf6 k|;f/0f — @)%* c;f/ @)
 Pg l6le @ dfkm{t ;xk|;f/0f — lj=;= @)^)
 ;+:s[t efiffdf ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f ;''? — @)&% c;f]h ^
 sflGtk'/ / Od]h 6]lnlehg4f/f k|;f/0f ;''? — @)^) c;f/ @(
uf]/vfkq
 k|ydk6s k|sflzt — !(%* a}zfv @$  /+uLg?kdf k|sfzg — @)%( c;f/ !
 klxnf] ljz]iffÍ — !((* efb| !&  ax''efiffdf k|sfzg — @)^$ c;f]h !
 xKtfdf @ k6s — @))@ c;f]h @(  xfn;Dd slt efiffdf k|sflzt — #( efiff
 xKtfdf tLgk6s — @))# k''if *  clGtd efiff — c5fdL
 b}lgs ?kdf k|sfzg — @)!& kmfu'g &  k|fb]lzs k|sfzg ;''? — @)&^ c;f]h #
 zlgafl/o k[i6fÍ k|sfzg — @)@) >fj0f $
g]kfndf x'nfs ;]jf

8|Page Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070

Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 x'nfs ;]jfsf] ;+rfng — lj=;= !*&%  ljZj x'nfs lbj; — cS6f]a/ (
 x'nfs ;+u|xfnosf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @)@*  g]kfnsf] x'nfs ;+u|xfno — /fli6«o ;+u|xfno 5fpgL
 ljZjsf] klxnf] x'nfs l6s6 — k]GgL ANofs -a]nfot_  5fpgL ;+u|xfnosf] :yfkgf slxn] — lj=;= @)^!
 lr7Ldf l6s6 6fF:g] rng — a]nfot
ljleGg ;fdflhs ;+hfn / tLgsf] :yfkgf tyf ;+:yfks
qm=;= ;+hfnsf] gfd :yfkgf ldlt -;g\_ ;+:yfks
1. u''un !((* ;]K6]Da/ $ Nof/L k]h / ;u]{ la|g
2. km];a's @))$ km]a|'c/L $ dfs{ h's/ju{
3. ofx'' !((% dfr{ @ 8]le8 lkmnf] / h]/L ofË
4. l6\j6/ @))^ dfr{ Hofs 8f];]{ / l8s sf]:6f]n]f
5. OG6/g]6 l6d ag{/ ln
6. Od]n !(^) lzj cof{b'/fO
7. ljlsk]l8of @))! hgj/L !% lhDdL j]n
8. efOa/ @)!) tfNdf]g dfsf]{
 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfs]f ;''?jft — lj=;= !(&)
 b''/;+rf/ ;+:yfgsf] :yfkgf — @)#@ c;f/ !
 g]kfndf ;]n'n/ df]afOn kmf]gsf] ;''?jft — @)%^ a}zfv !
 lk|k]8 df]afOn kmf]g ;]jfsf] ;''?jft — @)^) efb| ^
 b'/;+rf/ ;+:yfg b'/;+rf/ sDkgLdf kl/0ft — @)^! a}zfv !
 l;l8Pd ;]jfsf] ;''?jft — lj=;= @)^@
 g]kfn 6]lnsd4f/f 6]n]S; / cfsfzjf0fL ;]jf aGb — @)^% kf}if !&
 g]kfnsf ;a} uf=lj=;df b'/;+rf/ ;]jf k''u]sf] — @)^& c;f/ @(
 g]kfndf $ lh ;'?jft — @)&# kf}if !&
 b /fOlhª g]kfnsf] :yfkgf — @)@@ kf}if !
 b /fOlhª g]kfnsf] k|yd ;Dkfbs — a?0f zdz]/
 g]kfndf ;a}eGbf klxnf lgdf{0f ePsf] l;g]df xn — dbg hg;]jf l;g]df xn
 Ps ljBfyL{ Ps Nofk6k sfo{qmd gd'gfsf ?kdf nfu' ePsf] lhNnf — d'':tfª
 g]kfndf cfO 6L kfs{ sxfF 5 — ag]kf, sfe|]
 /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!*
 /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf] k'/fgf] gfd — ;u/dfyf ;+jfb ;ldlt
 g]kfndf OG6/g]6 ;]jfsf] ;''?jft — ;g\ !(($
 OG6/g]6 ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ klxnf] sDkgL — ds{G6fOn
 xfn g]kfndf 6]lnkmf]gsf] 3gTj — !#&=!& Ü
 df]xg cfsfzjf0fLsf] ;''?jft — lj=;= @))^
 g]kfndf ;j{k|yd 5fkfvfgfsf] ;"?jft — lj=;= !()*
 g]kfndf ;j{k|yd k|of]u ul/Psf] sDKo''6/ — IBM 1401, @)@* sf] hgu0fgfdf k|of]u
lzIff
g]kfndf lzIff;DaGwL klxnf]
 Jofj;flos lzIffsf] ;''?jft ug]{ — hol:ylt dNn
 /fHosf tkm{af6 5fqj[lQ lbg] k|yfs]f ;''?jft ug]{ — k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx
 dlxnf lzIffsf] ;''?jft ug{ k|]l/t ug]{ — u+ufjfO{, ef/t
 c+u|]hL lzIfs — u?8Wjh /fgf
 lzIffdGqL — g[kh+u /f0ff
 ljBfno — b/af/ xfO :s'n
 SofDk; — lq rGb| SofDk; -sf7df8f}F_
 sf7df8f}F aflx/ v'n]sf] :s'n — rGb| ldl8n :s'n -lj=;= !(&@_
 sf7df8f}F aflx/ v'n]sf] SofDk; — 7fs'//fd SofDk;, k;f{
 lqe''jg ljZjljBfnosf s'nklt — sfGtL /fHonIdL b]jL zfx
 lqe''jg ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt — ;''j0f{ zdz]/
 sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt — 8f= ;''/]z/fh zdf{
 ljB'tLo k':tsfno — jf;''b]j 9''+ufgf ljB'tLo k'':tsfno
P; Pn ;L af]8{
 ;+:yfks — h''4 zdz]/
 :yfkgf — !(() sflt{s !^
 klxnf] kl/Iff lgoGqs — gGb/fd pk|]tL
 u7g x'Fbf sltj6f xfO:s'n ;+rfng — @ -b/af/ xfO:s'n / kf6g xfO:s'n_
 klxnf] P; Pn ;L lbbf kmd{ eg]{ — #$ hgf
9|Page Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 klxnf] P; Pn ;L lbg] — ## hgf
 klxnf] P; Pn ;L k/LIffdf slthgf ljBfyL pQL0f{ — !( hgf -l4ltoM !) hgf / t[tLoM ( hgf_
 hDdf k''0ff{Í — ())
 pQL0ff{Í — @**
 klxnf] af]8{km:6 — k''ik eQm dNn
 klxnf] P;=Pn=;L af]8{km:6 x'g] dlxnf — n''gf e§
 pkTosf aflx/sf] klxnf] P;Pn;L k/LIff s]Gb| — lqh''4 xfO:s'n -aL/u+h_
lzIff;DaGwL cGo
 lj=;= @))& ;fndf g]kfnsf] ;fIf/tf slt — @ k|ltzt
 /fli6«o lzIff k4ltsf] of]hgf @)@* klxnf] jif{df slt lhNnfdf nfu'' — @ -lrtjg / sf:sL_
g]kfnsf] lzIff ;DaGwL dxTjk''0f{ s]xL ldltx?
 cfw''lgs lzIffsf] ;''?jft — lj=;= !(!)
 b/af/ :s'nsf] :yfkgf — !(!) c;f]h @&
 b/af/ :s'n ;j{;fwf/0fsf] nflu v'nf — !($@
 lqrGb| sn]hsf] :yfkgf — !(&% efb| @&
 lqe''jg rGb|| sn]hdf lj1fg ljifosf] k9fO ;''? — !(&&
 sf7df8f}Fsf] 9f]sf6f]ndf sGof kf7zfnfsf] :yfkgf — !(*) c;f/ @@
 klxnf] 6]lSgsn :s'nsf] :yfkgf — !(*&
 ;j{k|yd cf]e/l;o/sf] k9fO — !(((
 g]kfndf P; Pn;Lsf] k''/s k/LIff slxn] b]lv ;''? — @))#
 sf7df8f}Fsf] kb\dsGof ljBf>d :yfkgf — @))$
 k|yd ljZj ljBfno of]hgf sld;gsf] u7g — @))% efb| !)
 lzIff dGqfnosf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @))&
 /fli6«o lzIff of]hgf cfof]usf] u7g — @)!) r]q (
 dxfslj nIdL k|;fb b]jsf]6f g]kfnsf] lzIffdGqL slxn] — lj=;= @)!$
 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf — @)@* efb| %
 k|f/lDes lzIff lgz'Ns ug]{ 3f]if0ff — @)#! kmfug' !#
 k|fylds lzIffdf kf7\ok'':ts lgz'Ns ug]{ Joj:yf slxn]b]lv — lj=;= @)#%
 g]kfndf lghL:t/df SofDk; vf]Ng] :jLs[lt slxn]af6 — lj=;= @)#&
 k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf slxn]b]lv nfu'' — @)$! df3 !)
 b''/ lzIff s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf — @)%) >fj0f %
 lzIff;DaGwL pRr :t/Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g — @)%* a}zfv @(
g]kfnsf ljleGg hgu0fgf / ;fIf/tf k|ltzt
hgu0fgf jif{ ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_ hgu0fgf jif{ ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_
2011 $=$ 2018 *=(
2058 %$=! 2068 ^%=(
g]kfnsf xfn /x]sf !@ ljZjljBfnox?
ljZjljBfnosf] gfd :yfkgf -lj=;=_ ljZjljBfnosf] gfd :yfkgf -lj=;=_
lqe''jg ljZjljBfno, sLlt{k'/ 2016 s[lif tyf jg ljZjljBfno, /fdk'/ 2067
g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno, bfª 2043 dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno, ;''v]{t 2067
sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfno, w''lnv]n 2048 ;''b'/klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno, lbkfon 2067
k''jf{~rn ljZjljBfno, lj/f6gu/ 2050 g]kfn v'nf ljZjljBfno, dfgejg 2073
kf]v/f ljZjljBfno, kf]v/f 2054 /fhlif{ hgs ljZjljBfno, hgsk'/ 2074
n''lDagL af}4 ljZjljBfno, n''lDagL 2061 u08sL 2076
;fIf/ lhNnf
 %% cfF} ;fIf/ lhNnf — sf7df8fF} -@)&* c;f]h $_
 g]kfnsf] $( cfF} ;fIf/ lhNnf — a}t8L -@)&^ a}zfv ^_
 klxnf] — l;Gw'kfNrf]s -@)&! c;f/ @_
 k'0f{ ;fIf/ klxnf] nlntk'/ -@)&! c;f/ #_
!% cf}of]hgfsf] nIo
 !% jif{ dflysf] ;fIf/tf b/ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — (% k|ltzt
 o''jf ;fIf/tf b/ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — (( k|ltzt
 cfwf/e''t txdf v''b egf{b/ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — (( k|ltzt
 dfWolds txdf v''b egf{b/ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — ^% k|ltzt
 pRr lzIffdf s'n egf{b/ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — @@ k|ltzt
 k|f/lDes afnljsf;df v''b egf{b/ slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — !)) k|ltzt
10 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 dft[efiffdf k7g kf7g x'g] ljBfno ;+Vof slt j[l4 — @) k|ltzt
 cfwf/e"t txdf dlxnf lzIfsf] cg''kft slt sfod ug]{ nIo — %) k|ltzt
 ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw kl/If0f s'g s'g sIffdf ug]{ — sIff %, *, !), !@
 dfWolds lzIffdf cWoog ug]{ dWo] slt k|ltzt k|fljlws/ wf/df k'¥ofpg] nIo — #) k|ltzt
:jf:Yo -Health_
 s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf of]ubfg — !=( k|ltzt
 g]kfn Ifo/f]u lgjf/0f ;+:yfs]f :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!)
 cf}nf] pGd'ng ;+3sf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!%
 /fli6«o s''i7 /f]u lgoGq0f ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf — lj=;= @)!*
 g]kfnnfO ljkm/d''Qm 3f]if0ff — @)#$ j}zfv !
 emf8fkvfnf /f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd klxnf]k6s — lj=;= @)$)
 ;lxb u+ufnfn x[bo/f]u s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf — @)%# c;f/ @^
 g]kfndf DOTS k|ljlwsf] ;''?jft — lj=;= @)%$
 g]kfndf klxnf] k6s ;kmn d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f — @)^% >fj0f @$
 hfkfgLh OG;]kmnfOl6; /f]uaf6 k|efljt If]q — dWo tyf klZrd t/fO
 g]kfn ;/sf/4f/f @) jif]{ :jf:Yo lglt slxn] NofPsf] — lj=;= @)%$
 g]kfndf klxnf]k6s /fli6«o ljlwlj1fg k|of]uzfnfdf dfgj cjz]ifaf/] l8 Pg P sf] k/LIf0f slxn] ul/of] — @)^^ kf}if #
 :jf:Yo;DaGwL sfo{qmd s'g of]hgfb]lv — kfFrf}
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 !% cfF} of]hgfdf cfwf/e''t vfg]kfgLdf kx''Fr k|fKt hg;+Vof slt k''¥ofpg] nIo — ((
 pRr dWod :t/sf] vfg]kfgL ;''ljwf k''u]sf] hg;+Vof — $)
 ;/sf/n] slt k|sf/sf vf]k lgz''Ns pknAw u/fPs]f — !!
 DOTS sf] ;'?jft ePsf klxnf] lhNnfx? — -eQmk'/, k;f{, gjnk/f;L / s}nfnL_
ljB't
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 g]kfndf ;f}o{ phf{af6 slt ljB't pTkfbg ;+efjgf /x]sf] — @^))) d]=jf=
 ljB't dfkg ug]{ ;a}eGbf ;fgf] PsfO — o''lg6
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 a}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf — @)%# sflt{s
 hnljB't tyf kfgL lgof{t u/L cfh{g u/sf] ljb]zL d'b|f — white doller
cfly{s ;j]{If0f -@)&*÷&(_ df phf{
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 jflif{s s'n ljB't vkt — $)^# luufjf6
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g]kfnsf hnljB't cfof]hgf
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lqz'nL 21 g''jfsf]6 lj=;= @)@# ef/t, 6sL{
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11 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
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/x]sf]
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ljB't;+u ;DalGwt /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx?
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!% cF} of]hgfdf phf{
 hnljB't h8fg Ifdtf — &* k|ltzt
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 ljB't k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ^^ s]=le jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] s'n nDafO #(() ;ls{6 ls=ld=
 ^#% :yfgLo txdf ljB'tLo k"jf{wf/ k'u]sf] 5 .
 k|ltJolQm ljB't vkt pkef]u @$% lsnf]jf6 /x]sf] 5 .
 ljB't r''xfj6 — !%=# k|ltzt
ck]lIft pknlAw
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 ;a} :yfgLo txdf / zt k|ltzt hg;+Vofdf ljB't k''u]sf] x'g]
 k|ltJolQ ljB't vkt &)) ls=jf
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 ## s]=le= k|;f/0f nfOg &#)) ls=ld=
 !! s]=le k|;f/0f nfOg $##%@ ls=ld=
 ljB't r''xfj6 !@=# k|ltzt
ljB't ;DaGwL cGo k|Zgf]Q/
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 ljZjdf ;a}eGbf w]/} ljB't vkt ug]{ b]z — cd]l/sf
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 g]kfn ;/sf/n] @) jif]{ ljB't sfo{of]hgf ;fj{hlgs — @)^& c;f/ #)

सफलताको शुभकामना

12 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070

Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
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lbuf] ljsf;
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eljioÆ -Our Common Future_ gfdsf] k|ltj]bg k|sfzgdf NofPsf] lyof] . of] k|ltj]bg k|sf;df cfPkl5 lbuf] ljsf;n]
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lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu ljZjJofkL ?kdf ePsf k|of;x?M

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 ;g\ !(&@ h'g % b]lv !^ ;Dd :jL8]gsf] :6sxf]ddf jftfj/0f ;DjGwL ;Dd]ng, h'g % nfO{ ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; 3f]if0ff,
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 ;g\ !(*# df ;+o"Qm /fi6« ;+3 4f/f jftfj/0f ;DjGwL ljZj cfof]u j|'6Nof08 cfof]u u7g .
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;Dd]ng (Earth Summit 1992) cfof]hgf
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clwsf/L ;lDdlnt ePsf lyP .
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 o; ;Dd]ngdf ljZjsf !%@ /fi6«n] h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] lyP .
k[YjL ;Dd]ngsf d"Vo ljifox?df
s_ h}ljs ljljwtf v_ Ph]08f–@! u_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g 3_ jg ;+/If0f l;4fGt
Ph]08f – @!
;g\ !((@ df a|flhnsf] l/of] ;Dd]ngdf @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu ljleGg /fi6«x?n] ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] k|f?k
pNn]v ul/Psf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]h xf] . o; Ph]08fdf $) j6f a'Fbfx? /x]sf 5g\ .

 ;g\ !((& df Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sn kfl/t

Sof]6f]k|f]6f]sn Kyoto Protocol

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 1 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
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lg0f{o ;g\ @)!@ gf]e]Da/ @^ b]lv l8;]Da/ * ;Dd stf/sf] bf]xfdf ePsf] ;Dd]ngn] u/]sf] lyof] .
 ;g\ @))) ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf] 3f]if0ff
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 ;g\ @))& df jfnLdf ePsf] ;Dd]ngn] Green Growth Strategy lgdf{0f
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 ;g\ @)!@ df l/of] +20 ;Dd]ng-a|flhn_, ;dLIff, efjL sfo{lbzf, lbuf] ljsf;, hnjfo' kl/jt{g

lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu g]kfndf ePsf k|of;x?M

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 lj=;+= @)$& df k|fs[lts tyf ;fF:s[lts ;|f]t ;+/If0f kl/ifbsf] :yfkgf
 lj=;+= @)$( df jftfj/0f ;+/If0f kl/ifbsf] :yfkgf
 lj=;+=@)%@ df jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf
 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ NofO{ lbuf] ljsf;df hf]8
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jftfj/0fLo kl/l:ylt / kof{j/0f ;+/If0f

IUCN g]kfnsf cg';f/ æxfd|f] jl/kl/sf ;Dk"0f{ k|fs[lts tyf s[lqd a:t'sf] cGtlqmof{af6 l;lh{t kl/j]z, hLljt a:t' tyf o;nfO{
c;/ kfg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ef}lts a:t'x¿sf] ;dli6 ¿k g} jftfj/0f xf] .

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lj1fgnfO{ kfl/l:ylts zf:q (Ecology) elgG5 .

kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL (Ecosystem) eGgfn] s'g} klg jftfj/0fdf /x]sf h}ljs tTj cyf{t hLjLt a:t' / ch}ljs tTjx? cyf{t
lghL{j j:t'x? h:t}M xfjf, kfgL, df6f], tfkqmd / /f;folgs a:t'x?sf aLrsf] cGt/lqmof / cGt/;DaGwaf6 :yflkt :jrflnt
k|0ffnL xf] .
jftfj/0f k'/:sf/
1. Global 500 – UNDP – 1987
2. Blue Panel Prize – hfkfg - 1993 7'nf] 5 nfv 3 xhf/ 8n/
3. Goldman Environment Prize – 1989 75 xhf/ $ -jftfj/0fsf] Nobel Prize)
Richard and Rhodha Goldman
4. Galante Conservation Award – 4 xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ M 8f= d's]; rfln;] afFb/sf] cWoog M 1998 df kfPsf .
5. ;f;fsfjf jftfj/0f k'/:sf/ M # nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ M !(*@ :yflkt
Disaster Riduction ;Fu ;DalGwt k'/:sf/

cf]hf]g tx ;+/If0f lbj; – Sep 16

k[YjL lbj; – April – 22 af3 ;+/If0f lbj; – July 29
jg dxf]T;j lbj; – March 21 IUCN – 1948 :jLh/Nof08
ljZj cfjf; lbj; – Oct 1 WWF – 1961 :jLh/Nof08
ljZj ;Dkbf lbj; – April 18 UNEP – 1972 g}/f]jL, s]Gof

h}ljs ljljwtf
s'g} 7fpFsf] h}ljs ljljwtf eGgfn] k|ltPsfO ju{df ljBdfg hLjf0f', j+zf0f', k|f0fL / ToxfFsf] kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLnfO{ hgfpF5 .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 2 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
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h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ d'Vo # efudf afF8\g ;lsG5 M
!= k|hflt ljljwtf @= j+zf0f' ljljwtf #= kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL ljljwtf
!= k|hflt ljljwtfM k|hflt k|hflt aLr x'g] km/skg Pj+ leGgtfnfO{ k|hflt ljljwtf elgG5 . Ps k|hfltsf jg:klt jf
hgfj/x¿ csf]{ eGbf leGg x'g' k|hflt ljljwtf xf] . of] k|hflt cg';f/sf] ;+VofTds u0fgf xf] . o; cGtu{t ufO,
e}+;L, af3, xflQ, sL/f, Eofu'tf] cflbnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
@= j+zf0f' ljljwtfM cfdfafa'af6 hLjsf u'0fx¿ ;Gtltdf ;fg]{ sfo{df ;lqmo /xg] z/L/sf] ;"Id PsfO g} j+zf0f' xf] .
k|hflt Pj+ pkk|hflt leqsf ;Dk"0f{ j+zf0f'x¿sf] ;d"x, lsl;d tyf km/skgnfO{ g} j+zf0f' ljljwtf elgG5 . j+zf0f'
ljljwtfn] :ki6 ¿kdf s'g} lglZrt k|hflt leqsf] leGgtfnfO{ a'emfpF5 .h:t}M dflg;df cfo{g, d+uf]n, lgu|f] cflb .
#= kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL ljljwtf M hLjhGt' / jftfj/0f aLrsf] cGt/;DaGw g} kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL xf] . hGt' / jg:kltsf]
jftfj/0f;Fusf] ;DaGwsf sf/0f s'g} klg 7fpFdf lglZrt k|sf/sf] kfl/lylts k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] x'G5 . ljleGg
kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL aLr x'g] km/skgf tyf p:t} kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL leqsf klg cg]sf}+ kfl/l:ylts tTjdf x'g]
leGgtfnfO{ kfl/l:ylts ljljwtf elgG5 .
h}ljs ljljwtf ;DalGw s]xL cGt/f{li6«o hfgsf/L M
 IUCN n] vt/fdf k/]sf, nf]kf]Gd'v hLjhGt' tyf jg:kltx? Red Data Book df ;"rLs[t u/L ;r]t u/fpb{}
cfPsf] / ;g\ 1966 af6 k|sfzg z'? u/]sf] xf] .
 ;g\ !(&# df CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endanserd Species of wild
Fauna and Flora) hf/L ul/ ljZjdf b'n{e jGohGt' tyf jg:kltsf] a9\bf] Aofkf/nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L tLlgx?sf]
;+/If0f ug{] k|of;
 ;g\ !((@ df h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw, !((@ kfl/t ul/Psf] . / o;};Fu ;DalGwt sfo{ x]g{ ;g\ @))@ df Bio-
diversity Protocol kfl/t ePsf] .
 h}ljs ljljwtf zAb ;g\ !(*) af6 k|rngdf cfPsf] xf] .
 ;g\ !((# Dec 29 af6 h}ljs ljljwtf lbj; dgfpg yflnPsf] xf] .
 ;g\ @))) kl5 May @@ df h}ljs ljljwtf lbj; dgfpg yflnof] .
 ;g\ @))@ df lbuf] ljsf; ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng blIf0f clk|msfsf] hf]xfg];ju{df ;DkGg ePsf] .
 ;g\ @))& df hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;Dd]ng O08f]g]l;ofsf] afnLdf ;DkGg ePsf]
 ;g\ @))& df IUCN n] k|sfzg u/]sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ y'k|} hLjx? / jg:kltx? nf]k x'b} uPsf] cj:yf /x]sf]
cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] .
 ;g\ @)!) df hfkfgsf] gfuf]of zx/df ;DkGg cfOrL h}ljs ljljwtf nIo cGtu{t @) j6f nIo lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]
lyof] .
 ;g\ !((( h'g #–!# l/of] ;Dd]ng n] h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;GwLn} h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;GwL kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] .
h;df !%% b]zn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP .
 cGt/fli6«o k|f0fL lbj; 0ct 3 df dgfOG5 .
 g]kfnn] ;g\ 1993 Nov 23 df h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;GwL kfl/t u/L ;g\ 1994 Feb 22 lj=;+= @)%) kmfu'g
(df nfu' ul/of] .
 lzsf/ v]Ng kfOg] !) jGo hGt' -emf/n, 3f]/n, lrQn, h/fof], j+b]n, /ftf]d[u, yf/, nu'gf, gfp/, 3f]8uwf _
 lzsf/ v]Ng kfOg] * r/f - sflnh, n'Or], ltqf, kfgLxfF;, 9's'/, k/]jf, rv]jf, Rofv'/f +_

g]kfndf h}ljs ljljwtfM

Kfz'k+IfL ljZjsf] k|hflt ;+Vof g]kfnsf] k|hflt ;+Vof g]kfnsf] k|ltzt
!= ls/fkm6\of+u|f &,%),))) %,))) )=)!
@= k'tnL !%,))) ^#% $=@
#= df5f *,%)) eGbf dfly !*& @=#
$= peor/ $,%)) eGbf dfly $# !=!
%= ;l/;[k ^,^)) eGbf dfly !)) !=%
^= r/fr'?ËL &,*## *&@ *=(
&= :tgwf/L $,#@& !*! $=$
g]kfnsf s]xL ;+/lIft ;"rLdf /x]sf jGohGt'x?M
;+/lIft jGotGt'x? ;+Vof
;+/lIft k+lIfx? ( j6f
;+/lIft 3;|g] hGt'x? # j6f
;+/lIft :tgwf/L hGt'x? @& j6f
g]kfndf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf nflu 3f]if0ff u/L /x]sf sfof{Gjogdf ;+IflIft If]qx?M
;+/lIft If]qsf k|sf/ ;+Vof
/fli6«o lgs'~hx? !@ j6f
;+/lIft If]qx? ^ j6f

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 3 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
jGohGt' cf/Ifx? ! j6f
lzsf/ cf/If ! j6f
dWoalt{ If]q !# j6f
/fd;f/df If]qdf ;"rLs[t l;d;f/ !) j6f
g]kfnsf /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q, lzsf/ cf/If / dWojtL{ If]q
kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng, jGohLj, kz'k+5Lx?, sL6kt+u, b'n{e jg:kltsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g u/L h}ljs ljljwtfsf] pko'Qm:t/
sfod ug]{ p2]Zon] b]zsf ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qx?df lgs'~h, cf/If ;+/If0f If]qsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . xfn g]kfndf !@ j6f
/fli6«o lgs'~h, ! j6f jGohGt' cf/If, ^ j6f ;+/If0f If]q, ! j6f lzsf/ cf/If / !# dWojtL{ If]q /x]sf 5g\ .
7"nf] /f=lg – ;]=kmf]S;'08f] – 3555 km2 ;fgf] /f=lg - /f/f lrtjg – h]7f] .
dWojtL{ If]q -jkm/ hf]g_
qm=;+= dWojtL{ If]q 3f]lift jif{ If]qkmn ju{ ef}uf]lns If]q -lhNnf_
ls=ld=
!= lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ !((^ &%) lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, k;f{
@= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ !((^ %)& alb{of
#= nfª6fª /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ !((* $@) /;'jf, g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
$= z] kmf]S;'08f] /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ !((* !#$( 8f]Nkf, d'u'
%= dsfn' a?0f /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ !((( *#) ;+v'jf;ef
^= ;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ @))@ @&% ;f]n'v'Da'
&= z'SnfkmfF6f jGo hGt' cf/If dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ @))$ @$#=% s~rgk'/
*= sf];L 6Kk' jGo hGt' cf/If dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ @))$ !&# ;'g;/L
(= k;f{ jGohGt' cf/If If]q dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ @))% @(*=!&
!)= /f/f /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ @))^ !(* d'u'
!!= vKt8 /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{{ If]q ;g\ @))^ @!^
!@= afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{ If]q ;g\ @)!) #$# bfª, afFs] / ;Nofg
!# l;jk'/L gfufh'{g /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{ If]q ;g @)!^ sf7df08f}, g'jfsf]6, wflb8

hnjfo' kl/jt{g
3fd, kfgL, xfjf, tfkqmd cflbsf] cj:yfn] l;h{gf u/]sf] jfo'd08nLo l:yltnfO{ df};d elgG5 . b}lgs ¿kdf abln/xg]
xfjfkfgLsf] l:yltnfO{ df};d elgG5 . s'g} 7fpFsf] df};dsf] nfdf] ;do -nueu #) aif{_ sf] cf};t cj:yfnfO{ To; 7fpFsf]
xfjfkfgL jf hnjfo' elgG5 . To;}n] k[YjLsf] s'g} lglZrt :yfgdf xfjf, aiff{, tfkqmd cflbsf] cj:yfdf nfdf] ;dodf cfpg]
kl/jt{g hnjfo' kl/jt{g xf] .
xl/tu[x k|efj (Green House effect)
xl/t u[x k|efj ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff ;g\ !(@^ df k|mfG;sf j}1flgs jl/g hLg km]l/P/n] NofPsf x'g\ .
:jL8]gsf j}1flgs cfly{g;n] ;g\ !(*^ df xl/tu[x k|efj sf] c;/ kQf nufP lyP .
C02, CO, CH4, No, No2, SO2 h:tf UofF;sf] dfqf jfo'd08ndf a9\b} hfgfn] k[YaLsf] ;txsf] tfkqmd j[l4 x'g uof] .
ljZjJofkL pi0ftf (Global Warming)
xl/tu[x k|efjsf sf/0f k[YkLsf] ;txsf] tfkqmd j[l4 x'g'nfO{ ljZjJofkL pi0ftf elgG5 . ;g\ !(&& b]lv !(($ sf] ljrdf
g]kfnsf] tfkqmd cf};t 0.060c b/n] a9]sf] kfOG5 . ljut !)) jif{df ljZjsf] tfkqmd 0.74OC n] a9]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf
sf/0f cgfj[li6, cltj[li6, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, lxpF kUng], ;d'Gb| ;tx a9\g], h}ljs ljljwtfdf x|f;, s[lif pTkfbgdf x|f;,
ljleGg /f]ux? a9\g] x'G5g\ .
cf]hg txsf] x|f; (Ozone Layer depletion)
cf]hf]gsf] vf]hL – J.C. Forman cf]hf]gsf] u'0fsf] cWoog – Dobson
 k[YjLsf] ;txaf6 @%–$) ls=ld= prfOdf cf]hf]g UofF;sf] tx /x]sf] x'G5 .
 cf]hf]gtxn] ;"o{af6 cfpg] ljls/0fnfO{ k/fjt{g / zf]if0f u/L k[YjLsf] ;txaf6 /f]Sb5 .
 xfn d"Votof CFC / cGo Snf]/Lgo'Qm /;fogsf] a9\bf] k|of]un] cf]hf]g tx ljgf; x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
 gf;fsf] …lgDa;–&Ú e"–pku|xn] ;g\ !(*% df cG6fs{l6sf dflysf] cf]hf]gtx gf; eO{ Kjfn kl/sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf]
xf] .
 cf]hf]g txsf] IfonfO{ Dobson unit (DU) / gfKg k|of]u ul/g] oGqnfO{ Total Ozone Mapping
spectrometer elgG5 .
 cf]hf]gtxsf] x|f;n] ubf{ 5fnfsf] SofG;/, df]tL ljGb', hnr/sf] hLjg rqmdf c;/, h}ljs ljljwtf x|f; s[lif
pTkfbgdf x|f; h:tf c;/ kb{5g\ .
Snf]/f]ˆnf]/f]sfj{g (CFC)

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 4 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
CFC sf] cfljisf/ yf]d; ldhn] ;g\ !(#) df lr:ofpg] UofF;sf] ?kdf u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !(&$ df ;j{k|yd Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf
j}1flgs d]lngf / /f]Nof08n] CFC n] cf]hf]g tx ljgf; ug]{ s'/f kQf nufPsf x'g . CFC sf] cfo' $)–!%) jif{ x'g]
ePsf]n] ljls/0fn] o;nfO{ 5'6\ofpFbf lg:sg] ,k/df0f'n] cf]hf]g txnfO{ gfz ub{5 .
cDn jiff{ (Acid Rain)
snsf/vfgf tyf pBf]uaf6 lg:sg] sfa{g8fOcS;fO8, gfO6«f]hg cS;fO8, ;Nkm/8fO{cS;fO8 h:tf UofF;n] jfo'd08ndf
/x]sf] hnjfik;+u ldn]/ cDn aGb5 / jiff{;Fu} tn emb{5, h;nfO{ cDn jiff{ elgG5 . o;n] s[lif pTkfbgd x|f;, af]6lj?jfdf
gsf/fTds c;/ k'¥ofpgsf ;fy} 3/ ejgsf] wft'sf] 5fgf lvofpg] d"lt{x? lvOg] h:tf c;/ ub{5 .
;g\ !*%@ df /j6{ Pªu; l:dy n] cDnjiff{sf] cjwf/0ff k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
Stone Cancer
ljleGg lsl;dsf cf0fljs lj:kmf]6 / 3fts /f;folgs c;/n] ubf{ jg:klt tyf hLjhGt'sf] cl:tTj nf]k x'g' d?e"lds/0f /
3/, ejgsf] ?k, /ª, ;+/rgfdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg'{ g} Stone cancer xf] .
bf];|f] ljZj o'4df hfkfgsf] lx/f]l;df / gfuf;fxLdf ul/Psf] cf0fljs lj:kmf]6sf sf/0f ToxfF b]lvPsf] c;/nfO{ Stone
Cancer elgG5 . cDn jif{{fsf sf/0fn] klg o:t} c;/ kg{ hfG5 .
cf0fljs lxpFb (Nuclear Winter)
cf0fljs lj:kmf]6, /f;folgs Uof;sf] pT;h{g, w'Fjf, w[nf]sf] sf/0f jfo'd08ndf afSnf] tx ag]/ ;"o{sf] tfk / k|sfz k[YjLsf]
;txdf cfpg g;s]df k[YjLsf] ;tx lr;Lg uO{ hLjx?sf] gfz x'g k'U5 . o:tf] cj:yfnfO{ cf0fljs lxpFb elgG5 .
ljZjJofkL pi0tf eGgfn] k[YjLsf] tfdqmd a9\g] xf] eg] cf0fljs lxpFb 36\g] qmd xf] .
lu|gj]N6 df]ed]G6 (Green Belt Movement)
jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu ;g\ !(&& b]lv clk|msfsf] s]Gofdf jfªuf/L dfyfO{n] dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ hËn
kmF8fgL /f]Sg] cleofg rnfPsL lyOg o;}nfO{ lu|gj]N6 df]ed]G6 elgG5 . o; sfo{df jfªu/L dfyfO{nfO{ gf]a]n zfGtL k'/:sf/
lbOPsf] lyof] .
/fd;f/ sGe]G;g (Ramsar onvension)
;g\ !(&! df O/fgsf] /fd;f/ df l;d;f/ (wetland) sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ /fd;f/ sGe]G;g elgG5 .
/fd;f/n] ljZjsf ()) eGbf a9L l;d;f/ If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f of]Uo dfg]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ( j6f l;d;f/ If]q o;df ;"lrs[t
ePsf 5g\ .
lrksf] cfGbf]ng
;g\;l !(&# dfr{ b]lv ef/tsf] lxdf~rn / u9jfn k|j]zdf ;'Gb/nfn jx'u'0fsf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt jg ;+/Ifs cleofgnfO{
lrksf] cfGbf]ng elgG5 .
;fOl6; (CITES)
b"n{e tyf ;ªs6u|:t hLjhGt' tyf jg:kltsf] cj}w sf/f]jf/ tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f ug]{ p2]Zon] ;g\ !(&# dfr{ # df
cd]/Lsfsf] jfl;ª\u6gdf x:tfIf/ eO{ ;g\ !(&% h'nfO{ ! b]lv nfu' ePsf] Convention on internatioanal trade
in endengered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) nfO{ g} ;fOl6; elgG5 . CITES n] ## xhf/
eGbf a9L jGohLj tyf jg:kltnfO{ ;+/If0fsf] ;"rLdf /fVg' kg]{ hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfnn] CITES df 21 Sep 1982 df
x:tfIf/ u/]sf] – 192 b]zn] x:tfIf/ u/] .
Ol;df]8 (ICIMOD)
cGt/fli6«o PsLs[t kj{tLo ljsf; s]Gb| (International Centre For Integrated Mountaineering
Development ICIMOD) sf] :yfkgf ;g\ !(*# l8;]Da/ % df sf7df8f}+df ePsf] xf] . lxGb's'z lxdfnosf] b]zx?sf]
cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo b[li6af6 pko'Qm lbuf] ljsf; ug]{ o;sf] k|d'v p2]Zo xf] . oo ;+:yfdf g]kfn, ckmuflg:tfg,
kfls:tfg, ef/t, rLg, e'6fg, j+unfb]z / Dofgdf/ u/L * j6f b]z ;b:o 5g\ .
g]kfn g]6 (Nepal Net)
ICIMOD n] g]kfndf lbuf] ljsf; ;DalGw ljljw hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] ;g\ !((* ;]K6]Da/ !& df :yfkgf
u/]sf] OG6/g]6 ;fO6nfO{ Nepal Net elgG5 .
Blue Planet Prize
;g\ !((@df Rio Earth Summit sf cj;/df hfkfgsf] c;fbL Unf; kmfp08];gn] :yfkgf u/]sf] hfkfgL P\g %
s/f]8sf] of] k'/:sf/ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf of]ubfg ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ x/]s jif{ lbOg] ul/G5 .
k[YjL lbj; (Earth Day)
;g\ !(&) b]lv x/]s jif{ clk|n @@ nfO{ k[YjL lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfOG5 .
ljZjjGohGt' sf]if (WWf) The World Wild life fund
ljZje/Ldf jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f cg';Gwfg / vf]h ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy o;sf] ;g\ !(^! clk|n @( df :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] gsf/fTds k|efj sd ug{ ePsf cGt/f{li6«o k|of;x?M
!= k[YjL ;Dd]ngM
 /fi6« ;+l3o jftfj/0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgfdf a|flhnsf] b h]g]l/of]df ;g\ !((@ h'g #—!$ ;Dd ePsf] jftfj/0f
;DaGwL ;Dd]ngnfO{ k[YjL ;Dd]ng elgG5 .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 5 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 of] ljZjsf] xfn;Dds} ePsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;Dd]ngsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .
 Psdfq k[YjLsf] :ofxf/ / pkof]u u/f}+ eGg] gf/f /x]sf] lyof] .
 ;Dd]ngdf xl/tu[x k|efj ;lGw kfl/t ug'{sf] ;fy} h'g * nfO{ ;d'b| lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngsf k|d'v $ j6f kfl/t laifox? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ M
 h}ljs ljljwtf
 Ph]08f—@!
 Hfnjfo' kl/jt{g
 Jfg ;+/If0f ;DaGwL l;4fGt
@= Sof]6f] k|f]6f]snM
 xl/t u[x UofF;sf] pT;h{gnfO{ Go"lgs/0f u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o r'gf}tLnfO{ ;fdgf ug{
tyf o;sf] gsf/fTds kof{j/l0fo k|efjnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu hfkfgsf] Sof]6f] zx/df ;g\ !((& df ljZjsf
!$! /fi6«åf/f cg'df]bg ul/Psf] dxTjk"0f{ cGt/f{li6«o b:tfj]h g} Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sn xf] .
 of] clw;lGw ;g\ @))% k]ma|'c/L !^ b]lv ljZje/ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] xf] . of] cle;lGw cg';f/
jftfj/0fnfO{ vNanfpg] sfa{g 8fO{cS;fO8 nufot ^ y/Lsf xl/t u[x UofF;sf] pTkfbgnfO{ Go"lgs/0f ub}{
n}hfg] pQ/bfloTj kIf/fi6«x?n] k"/f ug'{kg]{ 5 .
 Sof]6f] dxf;lGwn] ;g\ @))* b]lv ;g\ @)!@ ;Dd xl/tu[x UofF;x?sf] pT;h{g ;g\ !(() sf] t'ngfdf
%=@Ü n] sd ug]{ nIo lnPsf] lyof] .
 ;g\ !((& df g} sfa{g Jofkf/sf] k|f/De
#= laz]if hnjfo' kl/jt{g sf]if, cNkljsl;t /fi6«sf] sf]if / cg's'ng sf]if u/L # k|sf/sf sf]if dfkm{t ljsl;t b]zaf6
;xof]u ug]{ ;dembf/L ePsf] .
$= ;g\ !((& df Rio+5 ;Dd]ng, l/of] ;Dd]ngsf] ;dLIff ul/Psf] h;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] laifodf klg ;ldIff ePsf] .
^= ;g\ @))& df hnjfo' kl/jt{g / lbuf] ljsf; ;DaGwL afnL ;Dd]ng .
&= ;g\ @)!@ df Rio+20 ;Dd]ng -a|flhn_, ;dLIff, efjL sfo{lbzf, lbuf] ljsf;, hnjfo' kl/jt{g .
g]kfndf jftfj/0fLo k|b'if0fnfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug{ tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjnfO{ y]Ugsf nflu u/]sf k|of;x?M
 g]kfndf jftfj/0f ;DaGwL ;jfn 5}+6f}+ k~ralif{o of]hgfb]lv ;Daf]wg x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
 lbuf] ljsf; ;DalGw cjwf/0ff cf7f}+ k~ralif{o of]hgfb]lv :jLsf/ ul/Psf] .
 g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !^ df jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL df}lns xs oj:yf u/]sf]
5.
 jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfof{Gjog ug]{ x]t'n] lj=;+= @)%@ ;fndf
5'6\6} jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
 g]kfnn] ;g\ !(($ df UNFCC / @))% df Sof]6f] k|f6f]sn cg'df]bg u/]sf] .
 ;g\ @))$ df /fli6«o ;~rf/ k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L ;b:o /fi6«x?nfO{ ljt/0f -hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f
dGqfno dfkm{t_
 ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf] cg'df]bg
 l/of] dxf;lGwnfO{ æ sfof{Gjog ug{ Ifdtf ;DaGwL sfo{of]hgfÆ tof/ u/L hf/L ul/Psf] 5
 /fli6«o cg's"ng sfo{qmd (NAPA) cfof]hgf hf/L
 Hfnjfo' kl/jt{g / jftfj/0f ;DaGwL Ifdtf ljsf; cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf .
 jftfj/0f dGqfnodf æ:jR5 ljsf; ;+oGqÆ (Clean Development Mechanism) lgdf{0f u/L sfo{
k|f/De .
 hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf If]qdf sfo{ ug{ NGO Group on Climate Change / Climate Network
Nepal sf] :yfkgf .
 lbuf] ljsf; Ph]08f, @)%( hf/L, h;df hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL laifo ;dfj]z .
 o'jf ljBfyL{ ju{df jftfj/0fLo hgr]tgf hufpg kf7\qmddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] .
 @)^^ d+lz/ !( ut] ;u/dfyfsf] cfwf/lzlj/ v'Dh'Ë uflj;df kg]{ sfnfkTy/df g]kfn ;/sf/
dlGqkl/ifbsf] a}7s a;]sf] lyof] . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ af/] ljZj hutnfO{ af]w u/fpg / hnjfo'
kl/jt{gdf ;xof]u h'6fpg ;f] a}7s ul/Psf] / ;f]af6 ljZj hutsf] Wofg cfs[i6 ug{ a}7s ;kmn klg
ePsf] lyof] . pQm a}7sn] !) a'Fb] sfnfkTy/ 3f]if0ff kq klg hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .
 Hfnjfo' kl/jt{g kl/ifbsf] u7g ePsf] 5 .
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] l:yltM
 ;g\ !*^) otf e"–d08lno txsf] tfkqmd ;g\ !(() sf] bzssf] ;a}eGbf pRr tfkqmd bzs dfkg ul/Psf] .
 ;g\ @)!% ljZjsf] ;jf{lws tfkqmdsf] aif{ .
 ;g\ !()^—@))% ;Dd jf ;o aif{leq k[YjLsf] cf};t tfkqmd )=&$ l8u|L ;]lN;o;n] a[l4 .
 k[YjLsf] ;txsf] tfkqmd ;g\ @!)) leq !=* l8u|Lb]lv $ l8u|L ;]lN;o;;Dd a9\g] cg'dfg .
 #) aif{sf tYofFÍsf cfwf/df g]kfnsf] tfkqmd cf};t )=)%^ l8u|L ;]lN;o; k|lt aif{ a[l4 .
 g]kfndf ljZj hg;+Vofsf] )=$ k|ltzt dflg;sf] a;f]af; .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 6 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 ljZjsf] xl/tu[x UofF; pT;h{gsf] )=)@& k|ltzt efu dfq g]kfnaf6 pT;h{g .
 ;d'b| ;tx ;g\ @!)) leq #) ;]=ld= ;Dd a9\g] cg'dfg .
 ;g\ !(&$–@))^ ;Dd g]kfnsf] tYofFÍ ljZn]if0f ubf{ #@ aif{leq cf}ift !=* l8u|L ;]lN;o; tfkqmd a[l4 .
 Tffkqmd a[l4n] ubf{ lxdfnsf lxpFx? kUngfn] lxdr'nLx? gfËf] 8fF8fdf kl/0ft x'g yfn]sf .

ljZjJofkL pi0ftf -Global Warming_M

k[YjLdf ljleGg ;|f]taf6 sfa{g8fOcS;fO8, Snf]/f]ˆnf]/f] sfa{g, ldy]g cflb UofF;x? ck|fs[lts ?kdf pTkGg eO{
xfjfdf ldl;Fbf o:tf UofF;sf] dfqf xfjfdf a9\g hfG5 . xfjfdf cGo UofF;x? h:tf] oL UofF;x?sf] ;"o{sf] ls/0fnfO{ kf/bzL{
?kdf l5g{ glbO{ ;f];]/ /fVg] x'gfn] lj:tf/} xfjfsf] tfkqmd a9\5 / ljZjJofkL pi0ftf b]vfk5{, Global Warming h;nfO{
elgG5 .
cf]hg tx -Ozone Layer_M
k[YjLsf] ;txaf6 @%–$) ls=dL= prfO{;Ddsf] jfo'd08n ;dtfkd08ndf /x]sf] cf]hg txn] ;"o{sf] 3fts
k/fj}hgL ls/0f (Ultra Violet Ray) sf] (( k|ltzt ;f];]/ hLjx?sf] /Iff ub{5 . k[YjLsf] ;txdf cf]hgsf] dfqf aif]{gL $
k|ltztn] jfo'd08ndf 36\b} uPsf] x'gfn] ljZjJofkL ?kdf tfkqmd a[l4 eO{/x]sf] 5 . Snf]/f]ˆnf]/f] sfa{gsf] a[l4, ldy]gsf]
clS;8];g, gfOl6«s cS;fO8, jgh+unsf] ljgf; cflb sf/0fn] cf]hg tx gi6 x'b} uO{/x]sf] 5 . cf]hg txsf] cflj:sf/ ;g\
!(!# df French Physicists Charles Fabry & Henri Buisson x'g eg] cf]hg txsf] IfoLs/0f (Deplation of
Ozone Layer) kQf nufpg] j}1flgssf] vf]hL ug]{ j}1flgs J.C. Farman x'g\ . xfn cG6fs{l6sf dflysf] cf]hf]g tx gi6
eO{ Kjfn k/]sf] 5 . jftfj/l0fo cWoogsf nflu cd]l/sL cGtl/If ;+:yfn] k|If]k0f u/]sf] lgDa;—& gfds e"–pku|xn] ;g\
!(*% df ;j{k|yd cf]hf]g txdf Kjfn /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] lyof] .
xl/tu[x k|efj -Green House Effect_M
aGb l;;fsf] afs;leq ;"o{sf] tfk / k|sfz b'j} k|j]z ug{ ;Sg] t/ l;;fleqsf] tfk aflx/ cfpg g;Sg]
cj:yfnfO{ Green House Effect elgG5 . k[YjLdf xfn cTolws a9\b} uPsf] cf}Bf]lus snsf/vfgf tyf oGq
pks/0fx?af6 lg:sg] sfa{g8fOcS;fO8, ldy]g h:tf UofF;x?af6 jfo'd08ndf Psk|sf/sf] txsf] lgdf{0f x'g uPsf] 5 .
h;sf] sf/0f ;"o{sf] tfk / k|sfz k[YjLdf cfpg] t/ k[YjLsf] tfk jfo'd08ndf lgisfzg x'g g;Sg] cj:yf pTkGg ePsf]
s'/f j}1flgsx?n] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . :jL8]gsf /;fogzf:qL cfly{g;n] ;g\ !(*^ df ;j{k|yd o; tYosf] /x:of]b\3f6g u/]sf
lyP . o:tf] k|efjn] ubf{ k[YjLsf] tfkqmd lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} hfg yfn]sf] 5 . h;sf] sf/0f w'lj|o If]qsf] j/km kUng uO{
;d'b|sf] ;tx a9\g] / dflNåE; h:tf sd prfOsf sltko ;d'b|L d'n'sx? 8'Ag ;Sg]tkm{ j}1flgsx?n] ;r]t u/fPsf 5g\ .
cf0fljs lxpFb (Nulear Winter)M
cf0fljs laikmf]6, /f;folgs pTkfbg, snsf/vfgf, oftfofthGo ;fwg nufot cGo tl/sfaf6 pTkGg x'g]
w'nf], w'Fjf cflb jfo'd08ndf ldl;P/ jfo'd08n afSnf] / wldnf] x'g uO{ ;"o{af6 cfpg] tfk / k|sfz
k"0f{?kdf k[YjLdf cfpg g;ls k[YjLsf] tfkqm 36\b} hfG5 / dfgj a;f]af;sf nflu cg"s'n gx'g]u/L k[YjL
lr;f] x'g k'U5 . o;}nfO{ cf0fljs lxpFb elgG5 .
Stone Cancer M
ljleGg lsl;dsf cf0fljs laikmf]6 Pj+ 3fts /f;folgs xftxltof/ k|of]u ePsf] 7fpFdf nfdf] ;do;Dd
jg:klt Pj+ lhjhGt'sf] cl:tTj gx'g' tyf jftfj/0f k|b'if0fsf sf/0fn] k'/ftflTjs j:t'x?sf] ?k, /+u /
cfGtl/s ;+/rgfdf gsf/fTds c;/ k'Ug'nfO{ :6f]g SofG;/ elgG5 . bf];|f] ljZjo'4er hfkfgsf] lx/f]l;df
/ gfuf;fsLdf cd]l/sfåf/f u/fOPsf] cf0fljs ljikmf]6sf] sf/0fn] ToxfF Stone Cancer sf] l:ylt
b]vfk/]sf] lyof] .

xl/tu[x UofF;sf] pT;h{gsf sf/sx?

k|b'if0f / kmf]xf]/kfgL @=( k|ltzt
phf{ cfk"lt{ @%=( k|ltzt
oftfoft !#=! k|ltzt
cfjfl;o tyf Jofkfl/s ejg &=( k|ltzt
pBf]u snsf/vfgf !(=$ k|ltzt
s[lif !#=% k|ltzt
jg ljgf; !&=@ k|ltzt
;|f]tM hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt/;/sf/L ;d"x -EPCC_ sf] k|ltj]bg

hg;+Vof
s'g} lglZrt :yfgdf lglZrt ;dodf j;f]jf; ug]{ dflg;sf] ;+VofnfO{ To; :yfgsf] hg;+Vof elgG5 . s'g} b]zdf j;f]jf;
ug]{ dflg;x?sf] hDdf ;+Vof g} To; b]zsf] hg;+Vof xf] . hg;+Vof ;DjlGw cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ Demography elgG5
. Demography zAb Demos / Graphien ldn]/ jg]sf] xf] . of] u|Ls efiffjf6 pTklt ePsf] xf] . Demos sf] cy{
dflg; / Graphy s]f cy{ 1fgsf] zfvf xf] . To;}n] Demography eGgfn] dflg;sf] ;+Vof / o; ;DjlGw ljljw kIfsf]
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 7 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
cWoog eGg] j'emfpF5 . s'g} :yfgdf /x]sf] hg;+Vof dWo] d[To' x'g] ;+Vof eGbf hGdg] ;+Vof j9L ePdf To;nfO{ hg;+Vof j[l4
elgG5 . s'g} :yfgsf] hg;+Vof jflif{s ?kn] @ Ü jf ;f] eGb j9L ePdf To;nfO{ tLj| hg;+Vof j[l 5 elG5 . hg;+Vof
kl/jt{g ug]{ k|d'v tLg tTj hGd, d[To', j;fO{ ;/fO{ x'g\ . hDdf hg;+Vof = z'?sf] hg;+Vof + hGd – d[To' + cfk|jf;g
– pTk|jf;g
(PT = Po + B - D + I - 0)
s'g} b]z jf 7fpFsf] Ps ju{ ls=dL If]qkmn leq j;f]jf; ug]{ dflg;sf] cf};t ;+VofnfO{ hg3gTj elgG5 . hg;+Vofsf]
cfsf/, ;+/rgf tyf ljt/0fdf k|efj kfg]{ jf kl/jt{g Nofpg] tTjnfO{ hg;+flVosL tTj elgG5
hg;f+lVos tTj, k|lqmof / dfkg ljlwx?
hg;flVos tTj k|lqmof Dfkg dfkgsf ljlwx? hg;+Vofdf k|efj
hGd k|hgg hGdb/ sf]/f hGdb/ hg;+Vof j[l4 x'g]
(Birth) (Fertility) (Fertility Rate) s'n k|hggb/
pd]/ ljlzi6 k|hgg b/
;fdfGo k|hggb/
d[To' d/0f d[To'b/ sf]/f d[To'b/ hg;+Vof 36\g]
(Dealth) (Mortality) (Mortality Rate) lzz' d[To'b/
jfn d[To'b/
dft[ d[To'b/
a;fO{;/fO{ a;fO{;/fO{ a;fO{;/fO{ b/ cfk|jf;g b/ 36\g] / j9\g]
(Migration) (Migration) (Migration Rate) pTk|jf;g b/
vf; j;fO{;/fO{ b/
s'n j;fO{;/fO b/

hg;ª\Vof tYofª\x?sf ;|f]tx? lgDg rf/ lsl;dsf 5g\ M

!= hgu0fgf -Census_
@= k~hLs/0f Joj:yf -Vital Registration_
#= gd'gf ;j]{If0f -Sample Survey_
$= k|zf;sLo clen]v -Administrative Record_
hgu0fgf -Census_
– b]ze/ a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf ;j} dflg;sf] Ps} ;dodf lnPsf] u0fgfnfO{ hgu0fgf -Census_ elgG5 .
– hgu0fgfdf /fi6«sf] hg;ª\Vofsf] lnª\u pd]/, dft[efiff, k]zf, hfthflt, wd{h:tf] ljj/0fx? ;ª\sn ul/G5 .
– g]kfndf k|To]s !)÷!) jif{ cjlwdf ;/sf/4f/f lnOG5 .
– hgu0fgf ljlwx? b'O{ tYox? M– jf:tljs pkl:ylt ljlw / :yfoL a;f]jf; ljlw x'g\ .
– g]kfndf xfn;Dd !! k6s hgu0fgf eO;s]sf] 5 . -;g\ !(!! b]lv ;g\ @)!! ;Dd k|To]s !)÷!) jif{_
/fli6«o hgu0fgf
 klxnf] hg;+Vof – lj=;+= !(^* (1911)
 bf];|f] / t];|f]df hgu0fgf j[l4b/ q[m0ffTds
 klxnf] $ j6f uf]:jf/faf6 ePsf] u0fgf – !(^*, !(&&, ((*&, !((* – Head Count Method
 hg;+Vof ljefuaf6 lj=;+= @))(÷!! af6 j}1flgs u0fgf
 s]lGb|o tYofË ljefu – @)!* af6 hgu0fgf
 lj=;+= @)!* df FACIT SofnSo'n]l6ª d]l;g sf] k|of]u
 lj=;+= @)@* sf IBM – 1401 sDKo'6/
 lj=;+= @)#* df ICL 2950/10 sDKo'6/
 lj=;+= @)^* df gf/f – sf]xL g5'6'g / sf]xL gbf]xf]l/pg\ – Modified De Jure method – k|of]u ePsf]
 ljZj hg;+Vof lbj; – h'nfO{ !! df ;g\ !(*& af6 dgfpg yflnof] .
 ;g\ @)!! Oct 31 df ljZjsf] hg;+Vof & cj{ k'u]sf] 3f]if0ff
 hg;+Vof / ljsf; ;DalGwt klxnf] ljZj ;Dd]ng ;g\ !(($
 hGd, d[To', btf{ lj=;+= @)#$ a} !
 xfnsf] cj:yfdf hg;+Vof bf]Aa/ x'g nfUg] ;do – %@ jif{
 lj=;= @)^* c;f/ # b]lv !# ;Dddf ;DkGg
 sl/j *,))) ;'kl/j]Ifs / #@,))) u0fsx? ;+nUg
 lj=;= @)^( dª;L/ !! ut] glthf ;fj{hlgs

/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*

s'n hg;+Vof – @,^$,($,%)$
k'?ifsf] ;+Vof – !,@*,$(,)$! -$*=%Ü_

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 8 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
dlxnfsf] ;+Vof –
!,#^,$%,$^# -%!=%Ü_
n}lËs cg'kft –
($=!^ -@)%* df ((=*_
hg;+Vof j[l4b/ –
!=#%Ü -@)%* df @=@%Ü_
hg3gTj –
!*) k|lt ju{ ls=ld -@)%* df !%&_
hg3gTj M zx/– !#*! – ufpF –!%# – lxdfn M#$, kxf8 M !*^, t/fO{ M #(@
sf7df8f}Fdf al9 M $$!^, dgfª sd– #
kl/jf/ ;+Vof – %$,@&,#)@
zx/L hg;+Vof – $%,@#,*@) -!&=)&Ü, @)%* df !$=@Ü_
u|fld0f – @,!(,&),^*$ -*@=(#Ü, @)%* df *%=*Ü_
sf7df8f}+ hg;+Vof – !&,$$,@$)
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] hg;+Vof– @%,!&,)@#
hg;+Vofsf] k|fb]lzs ljt/0f
!= t/fO k|b]z – !,##,!*,&)% -%)=@&Ü_
@= kxf8L k|b]z – !,!#,($,))& -$#Ü_
#= lxdfnL k|b]z – !&,*!,&(@ -^=&#Ü_

pRr hg;+Vof ePsf kf”r lhNnf sd hg;+Vof ePsf % lhNnf

!= sf7df8f}+ – !&,$$,@$) != dgfª – ^,%#*
@= df]/ª – (,^%,#&) @= d':tfª – !#,$%@
#= ?kGb]xL – *,*)!(^ #= 8f]Nkf – #^,&))
$= emfkf – *,!@,^%) $= /;'jf – $#,#))
%= s}nfnL – &,&%,&)( %= x'Dnf – %),*%*

pRr hg3gTj ePsf % lhNnf

!= sf7df8f}+ – $,$!^
@= eQmk'/ – @,%^)
#= nlntk'/ – !,@!^
$=?kGb]xL – ^$&
%= 3g'iff – ^$)
sd hg3gTj ePsf kfFr lhNnf
!= dgfª – #
@= d':tfª – $
#= 8f]Nkf – %
$= x'Dnf – (
%= d'u' – !^

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 9 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
cGo dxTjk"0f{ ljj/0f
!= cfˆg} 3/df j:g] kl/jf/ – *%=@^Ü
@= ;x/L If]qdf ef8fsf] 3/df j:g] kl/jf/ – $)=@@Ü
#= wf/f jf kfOkjf6 lkpg] kfgL pkof]u ug]{ – $&=&*Ü
$= sf7, bfp/f k|of]u ug]{ – ^$Ü
%= L.P UofF; k|ofu ug]{ kl/jf/ – @!=)#Ü
^= ljh'nL k|ofu] ug]{ kl/jf/ – ^&=@^Ü
&= 6]lnlehg k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ – #^=$%Ü
*= df]jfOn kmf]g k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ – ^$=^#Ü
(= zf}rfno ;'ljwf gePsf] kl/jf/ – #*=!&Ü
!)= dlxnfsf] gfddf 3/hUuf /fVg] kl/jf/ – !(=&!Ü
!!= dlxnf kl/jf/ d'nL /x]sf] kl/jf/ – @%=&#Ü
!@= !) jif{ eGbf dflysf] ljjflxtsf] tYofÍ – %&=%Ü
!#= !%–!( jif{ ;d"xdf ljjfx ug]{ – $*=(Ü
!$= ckfªutf ePsf] hg;+Vof – !=($Ü
!%= kfFr jif{ eGbf dflysf] ;fIf/tf b/ – ^%=(Ü
!^= SLC eGbf dflyNnf] tx plQ0f{ ug]{ – !)=@Ü
!&= ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLsf] hg;+Vof –!( nfv @! xhf/ $($
!*= hg;+Vof j[l4b/ –!=#%Ü -@)%* df @=@%Ü_
!(= hg3gTj –!*) -@)%* df !%&_
@)= ;lqmo hg;+Vof -!%–%( jif{_ – %^=(^Ü
@!= cfl>t hg;+Vof-)–!$ sf #$=(!Ü / ^) dfly *=!#Ü_ – $#=)$
tYox? hgu0fgf @)%* hgu0fgf @)^*
g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vof @,#!,%!,$@# @,^$,($,%)$
-##,$#,)*! yk_
cGt/hgu0fgf kl/jt{g k|ltzt !$=$$
k'?if hg;+Vof !,!%,^#,(@! !,@*,%(,)$!
dlxnf hg;+Vof !,!%,*&,%)@ !,#^,$%,$^#
k'?if / dlxnf hg;+Vofdf km/s &,(^,$@@
dlxnf / k'?if hg;+Vof k|ltzt %)=)$Ü, $(=(^ Ü %!=% Ü, $*=% Ü
n}+lus cg'kft -!)) dlxnfdf k'?if_ ((=* ($=!(
g]kfndf hDdf kl/jf/ ;+Vof $@,%#,@@) %$,@&,#)@
-!!,&$,)*@ yk_
hg;+Vof a[l4b/ @=@% Ü !=#% Ü
sf7df08f}+ / dgfËsf] a[l4b/ $=&* Ü, –#=*# Ü
g]kfnsf] hg3gTj !%& ÷ju{ ls=ld= !*) ÷ju{ ls=ld=
sf7df08f}+ / dgfËsf] hg3gTj $,$!^ / #
lxdfnL, kxf8L, t/fO{ If]qdf a:g] hg;+Vof k|ltzt &=@( Ü, $$=@* Ü, $*=$# Ü ^=&# Ü, $#=)! Ü, %)=@& Ü
kl/jf/sf] cf}ift cfsf/ %=$$ Ü $=** Ü
/f}tx6 -;aeGbf a9L_, sf:sL -;aeGbf sd_ sf] ^=$$ / #=(@
kl/jf/ cfsf/
pd]/ ;d"\x cg';f/ g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofsf] k|ltzt - #(=#%Ü, %$=!^ Ü, ^=$( Ü #$=(! Ü, %^=(^ Ü, *=!# Ü
!$ ;Dd, !% b]lv %( ;Dd / ^) eGbf dfly_
g]kfnsf] u|fdL0f / ;x/L hg;+Vof *%=* Ü, !$=@ Ü *@=(# Ü, !&=)& Ü
lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{sf] hg3gTj ##, !^&, ##) #$, !*^, #(@
dlxnf kl/jf/ d"nL /x]sf kl/jf/ !$=*& Ü @%=&# Ü
g]kfnsf hfthfltsf] ;+Vof !)! !@%
g]kfndf dft[efiffsf] ;+Vof (@ !@#
g]kfnL dft[efiff x'g] ;+Vof $*=^! Ü $$=^ Ü
g]kfnL af]Ng] hg;+Vof k|ltzt %)=# Ü $$=^ Ü
ckfËtf ePsf] hg;+Vof )=$^ Ü !=($ Ü
hg;+Vof bf]Aa/ x'g nfUg] ;do #! aif{ %@ aif{
;fIf/tf b/ %$=! Ü -k'?if ^%=% Ü / ^%=( Ü -k'?if &%=! Ü / dlxnf %&=$
$@=* Ü dlxnf_ Ü_
@@= k|lt kl/jf/ ;+Vof – $=**
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 10 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
@#= ;j}eGbf j9L hg;+Vof If]qL – $#,(*,!&(
@$= ;j}eGbf sd hg;+Vof – s';'08f – @&#
@%= g]kfnL efiff – $$=^Ü, d}yLnL – !!=&Ü, ef]hk'/L – ^Ü, yf? – %=*Ü, tfdfª – %=! Ü, g]jf/ – #=@Ü
@^= wd{ – lxGb' – *!=#Ü, jf}4 – (Ü, O:nfd – $=$Ü, ls/fFt – #=!Ü, ls|lZrog – !=$Ü
@&= ;fIf/tf b/ – % jif{ dfly – ^%=(Ü, k'?ifsf] – &%=!Ü, dlxnf– %&=$Ü
@*= pRr ;fIf/tf ePsf] lhNnf – sf7df8f}+ – *^=#Ü, nlntk'/– *@=%Ü
@(= lgDg ;fIf/tf ePsf] lhNnf – /f}tx6 – $!=& Ü, ;nf{xL – $^=#Ü, dxf]Q/L – $^=$Ü
#)= z}lIfs :t/ – ! sIff b]lv % ;Dd #(Ü, lg=df=lj= @)=#Ü, SLC – !)=@Ü
#!= s'n k|hggb/ – @=^, lzz' d[To'b/ – $^ k|lt xhf/, jfn d[To'b/ – %) k|lt xhf/, sf]/f hGdb/ – @$=# k|lt xhf/ /x]sf] 5 .
#@= hDdf efiff – !@#, hfthftL – !@%, hDdf wd{ – !), cflbjf;L – %(

zx/Ls/0f M
Go"g ;]jf ;'ljwf ePsf], sd cfly{s ultljlw ;+rfng /x]sf] ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ sd ePsf] / Go"g hg;+Vof ePsf] If]q jf :yfg,
kof{Kt :t/Lo ;]jf, ;'ljwf, ljsf; lgdf{0fsf k"jf{wf/ ePsf] cfw'lgs / gljtd k|ljlw o'Qm pRr hg3gTj ePsf] If]qdf kl/jt{g
x'g'nfO{ zx/Ls/0f elgG5 . u|fdL0f If]q zx/L If]qdf ?kfGt/0f x'g' jf zx/L If]qsf] cfsf/ jf :j?kdf lj:tf/ x'g' g} zx/Ls/0f xf]
.lj=;+= !(&* M :yfkgf ePsf] M ;kmfO c8\8f lj=;+= @)%@ dl;/ @( df sf=df=g=kf=?kfGt/0f ePsf] xf] .
g]kfndf zx/sf] juL{s/0f # efudf ul/Psf] 5 –dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf_
dxfgu/ kflnsf M % nfv hg;+Vof / ! c/a Go"gtd cfo
pkdxfgu/ kflnsf M @ nfv hg;+Vof / @% s/f]8 cfo
gu/kflnsf M sf7df8f}df ! nfv hg;+Vof, t/fOdf &% xhf/ hg;+Vof, leqL dw];df %) xhf/ hg;+Vof, kxf8df $) xhf/
hg;+Vof , lxdfndf !) xhf/ hg;+Vof / lxdfndf ! s/f]8 cfo cGo :yfgdf # s/f]8 cfo
gu/kflnsf gePsf lhNnf M x'Dnf, dgfÍ, d':tfÍ, /;'jf, k[jL{ ?sd
ufpkflnsf ljlxg lhNnf sf7df8F}f / eQmk'/ dfq x'g\ .

j;fO{;/fO
k|b"if0f
jftfj/0fdf /x]sf h}ljs tyf ch}ljs cjojx? jLrsf] cGt/lqmof Pj+ cGt/;DjGwdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf?kn] kl/jt{g u/L
jftfj/0fdf x«f; Nofpg] k|lqmof g} k|b'if0f xf] . jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# cg';f/, k|b"if0f eGgfn] jftfj/0fdf k|ToIf jf ck|T oIf
?kn] kl/jt{g u/L jftfj/0fdf pNn]vlgo x|f; Nofpg], Iflt k'¥ofpg] jf jftfj/0fsf] nfebfoL jf pkof]uL k|of]hgdf xfgL gf]S;fgL
k'¥ofpg] lqmofsnfk xf].
k|b"if0fsf k|sf/x?
!= jfo' k|b"if0f @= hn k|b"if0f #= e"– k|b"if0f $= Wjlg k|b"if0f %= vfB k|b"if0f ^= cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0f &= ljls/0f k|b"if0f
Wjlg k|b"if0f
cTolws rsf]{ Wjlg cyf{t Wjlgsf] ltj|tf j9L ePdf To;nfO{ Wjlg k|b"if0f elgG5 . ljleGg j:t'jf6 lg:sg] Wjlgsf] ltj|tf
lgDgfg';f/ x'G5 M
WjgL pTkGg x'g] ;|f]t WjgLsf] dfqf WjgL pTkGg x'g] ;|f]t WjgLsf] dfqf
k"0f{ df}gtf ) 8]l;an kftx? xlNnbf pTkGg x'g] WjgL !) 8]l;an
;fptL s'/fsfgL !% 8]l;an 3/df x'g] ;fdfGo s'/fsfgL #) 8]l;an
uNnLsf] xNnf $)–&) 8]l;an ;fdfGo 6«oflkms cfjfh &) 8]l;an
Jo:t sfof{no jf hd36 :yn *) 8]l;an OlGhlgol/ª js{zk, Jo:t 6«oflkms ()–!)) 8]l;an
df]6/sf] xg{ ahfpFbf !!) 8]l;an /s ;+uLtsf] xNnf !@) 8]l;an
df]6/ ;fOsnsf] tLj| j]u !#) 8]l;an h]6 ljdfgsf] p8fg ug]{ j]nfsf] WjgL !$) 8]l;an
/s]6 OlGhgsf] j]u !*) 8]l;an
 ;fwf/0ftof dflg;n] ^% 8]l;ansf] WjgLnfO{ ;xh?kdf ;'Gg ;Qm5 .
 !%) 8]l;an WjgLdf w]/}j]/ a;]df dflg;sf] sfgsf] hfnL km'6]/ alx/f] x'g ;Qm5 eg] !*) 8]l;an Wjlgdf lgs} a]/ a;]df
dfgl;sf] d[To/;d]t x'g ;Qm5 .
 ;+o'Qm /fli6«;+3n] $) 8]l;ansf] cfjfhaf6 x'g] jftfj/0fLo c;/nfO{ zfGt dfg]sf] 5 .
 k|b'lift jftfj/0faf6 dfgj hfltnfO{ arfpg hf]8 lbOPsf] x]u 3f]if0ff !! dfr{ ;g\ !(*( df g]b/Nof08sf] x]u ;x/df
ePsf]
 ISO – 14000 n] jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgnfO{ hgfpF5 .
 Agenda – 21 cGt{ut ;fd'bflos lbuf] ljsf; sfo{qmd g]kfnn] bfª, ;'v]{t / s}nfnLdf ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 .
 o;nfO{ Capacity 3 elgG5 .
 ;g\ 1990 df Thomas Lindhavist (Sweden) n] Polluters Pays Principle (3p) l;4fGt k|ltkfbg u/]sf x'g\
. of] h;n] k|b'if0f u5{ p;}n] lgoGq0f u'g{kg]{ wf/0ff xf] .
Euro – 1 s] ;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < ;jf/L k|b'if0f dfkb08
g]kfndf ;jf/L k|b'if0f hfFr slxn] b]lv z'? eof] < lj=;+= @)%! j}zfv !
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 11 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
sf7df8f}+af6 l8h]n 6]Dk' slxn] x6fOof] < lj=;+= @)%^ c;f]h !
g]kfndf ;j}eGbf klxn] kmf]x/ d}nf lglt slxn] NofOof] < @)%@
cDn jiff{ af/] klxn] ljZj ;Dd]ng slxn] eof] < ;g\ !(%)

Jfftfj/0fdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ h}ljs tyf ch}ljs cjojx?aLrsf] cGt/lqmof jf cGt/;DaGwdf k|ToIf ck|ToIf?kn] kl/jt{g
u/L jftfj/0fdf x|f; Nofpg], Iflt k'/\ofpg], jftfj/0fsf] nfebfoL pkof]uL k|of]hgdf xfgL gf]S;fgL k'/\ofpg] k|lqmofnfO{ jftfj/0f
k|b'if0f elgG5 . jftfj/l0fo kIfnfO{ j]jf:tf u/L dfgljo lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug'{, t'ngfTds?kdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0feGbf ljsf;
lgdf{0f sfo{df hf]8 lbg' tyf jftfj/l0fo ;Gt'ngnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ hf]8 glbg' jftfj/0f c;Gt'ng jf k|b'if0fsf k|d'v sf/0f x'g .
Jfftfj/0f k|b'if0fsf k|sf/M
s_ jfo' k|b'if0f (Air Pollution)
v_ hn k|b'if0f (Water Pollution)
u_ WjgL k|b'if0f (Noise Pollution)
3_ e"–k|b'if0f (Land Pollution)
ª_ vfB k|b'if0f (Food Pollution)
r_ ljlss/0f k|b'if0f (Radiation Pollution)
5_ cf}Bf]lus k|b'if0f (Industrial Pollution)
h_ tflko k|b'if0f (Thermal Pollution)

/fd;f/ If]qdf ;"lrs[t g]kfnsf l;d;f/ If]qx?M

;g\ !(&! km]a|'c/L @ df O/fgsf] /fd;f/ zx/df l;d;f/ If]qsf] plrt Joj:Yffkg, ;+/If0f / pkof] u ug]{ clek|fon] !* b]zx?sf]
k|ltlglwTj eO{ ;femf ;lGw kfl/t ul/Psf] lyof] . o; dxf;GwLsf] kIf /fi6«x? !^* /x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ljZjdf /x]sf sl/a @,)))
l;d;f/ If]qnfO{ Plss[t ?kdf ;"rLs[t u/]sf] lyof] . /fd;f/ ;"rLsf gfdn] lrlgg] pQm ;lGwn] g]kfnsf lgDg If]qx?nfO{ ;"rLs[t
u/]sf] kfOG5 .
l;d;f/ If]q lhNnf If]qkmn -ju{ ;"lrs[t aif{
ls=ld=_
sf]zL 6Kk' If]q ;'g;/L, !&,%)) ;g\ !(*&
;Kt/L
lrtjgsf] aL;xhf/L tfn lrtjg #,@)) ;g\ @))#
s}nfnLsf] 3f]8f3f]8L tfn s}nfnL @,%^# ;g\ @))#
slknj:t'sf] hubLzk'/ tfn slknj:t' @@% ;g\ @))#
/f/f /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] /f/f tfn d'u' !,%*# ;g\ @))&
z] kmf]S;'G8f] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] kmf]S;'G8f] tfn 8f]Nkf $($ ;g\ @))&
;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] uf]Sof] / jl/kl/sf] tfn ;f]n'vDa' &,&&) ;g\ @))&
nfd6fª /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] uf];fO{s'08 / jl/kl/sf !^ /;'jf !,)#) ;g\ @))&
j6f tfn
Onfdsf] dfO{kf]v/L Onfd () ;g\ @))*

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 12 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
%= sDKo'6/, df]jfOn, Od]n–OG6/g]6, ;fdflhs ;~hfn, 8«f]g, /f]jf]6 h:tf gljgtd
k|ljlwn] dfgj hLjgdf kf/]sf] k|efj
Gopi Chandra Poudel ([Link]/[Link])
sDKo'6/ (Computer)
 sDKo"6/ zAb Nofl6g efiffsf] sDKo"6]o/ (computare) zAbaf6 cfPsf] xf], h;sf] cy{ lx;fa ug'{ xf] .
 sDKo'6/sf lktf (Father of compuer):
OËNof08sf rfN;{ Jofa]h(Charles Babbage) (26 Dec 1791---18 Oct1871)
 pgn] ;g\ !*@@ df l8km/]G; OlGhg (Difference Engine) / ;g\ !*## df Analytical Engine sf] cljisf/ u/]sf lyP .
 sDKo'6/sf] g]kfnL ?kfGt/0f ;';fª\Vo oGq xf] .
sDKo'6/sf] Oltxf;
 O=k'=%)) lt/ - cfheGbf sl/a @%)) b]lv #))) aif{ cl3lt/ _ Pjfs;sf] cfljisf/
 ;g\ !^!& df :s6Nof08sf hf]g g]lko/n] æg]lko;{ jf]gÆ (Napier’s Bone) sf] cfljisf/
 ;g\ !^@) df ljlnod cf]H/]8 (Willam oughtred) n] :nfO8 ?nsf] cfljisf/
 ;g\ !^$@ df k|mfG;sf kf:sn (Blaise pascal) n] kf:snfOg gfds hf]8 36fp oGqsf] cfljisf/
 ;g\ !^&! df n]jgfO6h (Leibniz) n] n]jgfO6h Sofns'n]6/ cfljisf/
 ;g\ !*@@ df OËNof08sf rfN;{ Jofj]hn] l8km/]G; OlGhg (Difference Engine) / ;g\ !*## df Pgflnl6sn OlGhg
(Analytical Engine) sf] cfljisf/
 ;g\ !**& df hd{gsf 8f=xd{g xfn]l/y (Herman Hollerith) n] Tabulating Machine sf] cfljisf/
 ;g\ !(#& df Howard Akin n] Mark-1 gfdsf] c6f]d]l6s lx;fj ug]{ d]l;gsf] cfljisf/
 ;g\ !($@ df hf]g eL P6fgf;6n] Atanasoff Berry Computer sf] cfljisf/
 ;g\ !($$ xfj{8 Plsg (Howard Akin) n] Mark-2 sKo6'/ jgfP .
 ;g\ !($^ df John Mauchly & J Presper Eckert-Electronic Numerical Integrator and calculator
 ;g\ !(%# df h';] sf]g/]8n Z-3 sKo'6/sf] cfljisf/ u/] .
g]kfndf sDKo'6/sf] Oltxf;
 lj=;+= @)!* s]lGb|o tYofÍ ljefun] FACIT gfd u/]sf] Calculator k|of]u u/L hgu0fgfsf] lx;fj u/]sf] .
 lj=;++= @)@* df IBM1401 gfd u/]sf] bf];|f] k':tfsf] sDKo'6/ k|of]u u/L hg;+Vofsf] lx;fj ul/Psf] 5 .
 lj=;++= @)#! k'ifdf oflGqs ;fl/0fLs/0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf / lj=;+= @)#$ df /fli6«o sDKo'6/ s]Gb|df kl/jt{g eof] .
 lj=;+= @)#* df hgu0fgf lx;fjsf nflu ICL 2950/10 gfds sDKo'6/ k|of]u ul/Psf] .
 lj=;++= @)#( kl5 g]kfndf sDKo'6/ ;DalGw lghL ;+:yfx? Jojxf/df cfPsf] .
 lj=;= @)$) b]lv sDKo'6/ hgzlQm ljsf; tflndsf] ;'?jft,
 lj=;+= @)$& b]lv sDKo'6/sf] ;/sf/L If]qdf k|of]u a9]sf],
 d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@M bkmf !^ -s_ sDKo'6/af6 k|zf]lwt clen]v k|df0fsf] ?kdf u|fxo x'g] elgPsf]
 lj1fg tyf k|ljlw P]g,  >Jo b[Zo gful/s j8fkq nfu' ePsf],
 ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt @)^&,  j]j;fO6 Od]n, ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]u ul/Psf],
 ;"rgfsf] xs ;DaGwL P]g @)^$,  ljB'tLo clen]v tyf l8lh6n x:tfIf/ nfu' ul/Psf],
 ;'zf;g P]g, @)^$  l8lh6n xfhL/L ;'? ul/Psf],
 /fli6«o k|;f/0f P]g / lgodfjnL,  k|df0f P]gsf] bkmf @ -u_ df M–;fj{hlgs lnvtdf
 k|ltlnlk clwsf/ P]g, @)%( / lgodfjnL @)^!, ljB'tLo jf l8lh6n :j?k klg kg]{ pNn]v ePsf],
 ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ P]g / lgodfjnL cflb hf/L ul/Psf] .  CAN-Computer Association of Nepal_ sf u7g
 sDKo'6/ aLhs ;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf] ul/Psf]
sDKo'6/sf k':tf ;g\ !(^) af6 sDo'6/nfO{ kfFrj6f k':tfdf ljefhg ul/of] .
klxnf] k':tfsf] sDKo'6/ (First Generation Computer)
 Vacuum tube nfO{ k|d'v ljB'tLo ;fwg k|of]u ul/Psf] .
 Vacuum tube sf] cfljisf/ ln 8] kmf]/]:6 n] ;g\ !()* df u/]sf x'g\ .
 ;g\ !($% b]lv ;g\ !(%% df ljsf; ePsf Mark-I, ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVA, BURROUGHS ;j} klxnf]
k':tfsf sDKo'6/ x'g .
 Magnetic drive or magnetic tape nfO{ d]df]l/sf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] .
 Input / Output sf ;fwg kGrsf8{x? lyP .
bf];|f] k':tfsf sDKo'6/ (Second generation computer)
 Vacuum tube sf] ;§f Transister sf] k|of]u ePsf] .
 Transister sf] cfljisf/ ;g\ !($& df hf]g jlb{g, jfN6/ j]|6g / ljlnod zSnL ldn]/ u/]sf

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 1 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 ;g\ !(%^ b]lv !(^$ df jg]sf IBM1401, IBM 1620, Control data corporation 3600, IBM 7090, IBM 70941, CDC
1604, PDPI, Series ILO, Mark III, IBM 7094 cflb bf];|f] k':tfsf sDKo'6/ x'g\ .
t];|f] k':tfsf sDKo'6/ (Third generation computer)
 o;df Integrated Circuit (IC) sf] k|of]u ePsf] .
 ;g\ !(^% b]lv !(&! leq jg]sf Cyber 175, CDC 7600, ICL 1900, IBM 730 cflb
 memory df Magnetic tape k|of]u ePsf] .
rf}yf] k':tfsf] sDKo'6/ (Fourth generation Computer)
 o;df Micro processer sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] .
 Memory sf] ?kdf RAM sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] .
 ;g\ !(&@ b]lv xfn ;Dd lgld{t IBM, Apple, Macintosh cflb .
kfFrf}F k':tfsf] sDKo'6/ (Fifth generation Computer)
 o; k':tfsf sDKo'6/df Bio-chips k|of]u u/L agfpg] k|of; hf/L 5 .
sDKo'6/sf k|sf/x? (Types of Computer)
Computer nfO{ d'Votof # k|sf/df ljefhg u/LG5 .
s_ l8lh6n sDKo'6/ – $ k|sf/sf -;'k/, d]gk|m]d, ldgL, dfOs|f] _
v_ Pgfnu sDKo'6/ – ef}lts j:t'sf] kl/df0f dfkg ug]{ h:t} M l:k8f]ld6/, ydf]{ld6/, :nfO8 ?n cflb
u_ xfOlj|8 sDKo'6/– l8lh6n / Pgfnu b'j} ldnfO agfOPsf] h:t}M cN6«f;fp08 d]l;g, Ol;hL (ECG) .
 sDKo'6/sf k|sf/x? M # k|sf/ -Lap top, Desk Top, Palm Top_

sDKo'6/sf] ;~ro Ifdtf gfKg] PsfO{x? / ltgsf] dfqf .

1 bytes = 28 or 256 different values 1024 gigabytes = 1 petabytes (PB)
8 bits = 1 byes 1024 petabytes = 1 exabyte (EB)
1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB) 1024 exabytes = 1 Zettabyte (ZB)
1024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte (MB) 1024 Zettabytes = 1 yottabytes (YB)
1024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte (GB)
Bits, Bytes M sDKo'6/sf] ;~ro Ifdtf gfKg] PsfO{
 sDKo'6/n] k}bf ug]{ l;Ugn M l8lh6n l;Ugn
 jfo/n]; -tf/sf] k|of]u ljgf x'g] ;~rf/_ sf k|sf/x? M
# k|sf/ -dfOqmf] j]e, /]l8of] j]e / :of6nfO6 sDo'lgs]zg_ .
 ljZjdf klxnf] k6s OG6/g]6 j]e;fO6sf] k|of]u M ;g !((! l8;]Da/ !@
 ljZjdf OG6/g]6sf] k|of]udf Jofkstf cfPsf] M ;g !((@ kZrft
 ljZjsf] klxnf] j]j;fO{6 : CERN
 Wikipedia ljZjsf @!( efiffx?df pknAw 5 .
 PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbL ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ztfAbL x'g ]5 elg eljiojf0fL ug]{ JolQm M a6«]G8 /;]n -a]nfot_
 OG6/g]6sf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] ?k M O–d]n -E-mail)
 Od]nsf] nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] k|rngdf /x]sf] ;ˆ6jo]/ k|f]u|fd : Microsoft OutLook Express
 cGt/fli6«o b'/;~rf/ ;+3 -ITU_ sf] :yfkgf ;g !(#@
 ljZjsf] klxnf] ;~rf/ pku|x -Early Bird -;g\ !(^% df k|If]lkt_
 ;"rgf ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu klxnf] ljZj ;Dd]ng M ;g @))# l8;]Da/ !)–!@ -h]g]ef, :jLh/Nof08_
 ljB'lto dfWodaf6 ;"rgf k|zf/0f ug{ k|of]u x'g] l;Ugnx? l8lh6n l;Ugn / Pgfnu l;Ugn
 kmfOa/ clK6sn s]andf k|of]u x'g] /f}+ h:tf kftnf] wfuf] lgdf{0f ug{ k|of]u ul/g] kbfy{ M sfFr
 USB sf] csf]{ gfd Pen drive
 Input. Process and Output u/L sDKo'6/ k|0ffnLsf # efux¿ x'G5g\ .
 CPU sf] sfo{ M sDKo'6/df k|of]ustf{n] lbPsf] sRrf 8f6fnfO{ k|zf]wg ug]{,
;"rgf tyf k|ljlw;Fu ;DaGwLt s]xL zAbfjnLx?
 cable network: ;fwf/0f 6]lnkmf]gdf OG6/g]6 k|of]u u/L sdKo"6/;Fu hf]8\g] k|lqmof,
 E-governance : ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] cfkm"n] k|jfx ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwf tyf j:t'x? ljt/0f ug{ k|of]u ug]{ . ljB'tLo dfWod h;n]
;]jf k|jfxdf Economy, Efficiency and Effectiveness Nofpg] ub{5,
 WAN -Wide Area Network_M b'O{ /fi6«x? lar sDKo'6/ hf]8\g k|of]u ul/g] g]6js{
 VOIP -Voice Over Internet Protocol_ M ljb]zaf6 cfPsf] 6]lnkmf]g snnfO{ OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 b]zdf leqfpg] k|ljlw
 Cyber Crime : sDKo'6/ jf ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/ ul/g] cfk/flws ultljlw jf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u dfkm{t u}/ sfg'gL
?kdf s'g} tYofs, ;"rgf jf af}l4s ;DklQsf] rf]/L ug]{ sfo{

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 2 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 Binary System : sDKo'6/df k|of]u x'g] ul0flto k|0ffnL
 Åofs/ M OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 cg'dlt ljgf sDKo'6/ kmfOnx?;Dd kx'Fr /fVg] JolQm
 g]6js{ M sDKo"6/x?nfO{ ;dGjo u/L sDKo"6/af6 sDKo"6/df ;"rgfx?sf] cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] k|0ffnL
 Server : 7'nf] dfqfdf 8f6fx? e08f/0f ug]{ Ifdtf ePsf] l8:s
 OMR -Optical Mark Reader_ M pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f ;DaGwdf k|of]u x'g] sDKo'6/fOH8 ljlw
 Dial-up network : ;fwf/0f 6]lnkmf]gdf OG6/g]6 k|of]u u/L sDKo'6/;Fu hf]8\g] k|lqmof
 Digital Divide : ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwdf kx'Fr ePsf / gePsf ;d"xaLrsf] cGt/
 WiFi: lglZrt kl/lwleq ljgf tf/ OG6/g]6 ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] k|ljlw
 dlN6ldl8of -Multimedia_ : Text, Audio, Video, Graphics sf] ;+o'Qm ?k
 RAM -Random Access Memory_ : sDKo'6/sf] Processing nfO{ l56f] agfpg k|of]u ul/g] Ps c:yfoL d]df]/L sf8{
 l;DKo'6/ -Simputer_M ;Lldt Ifdtfsf] sDKo'6/
 An'6'y -Bluetooth_M jfo/n]; k|ljlwaf6 ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ ljlw
 CAD -Computer Added Design_ M sDKo'6/df cfwfl/t Olglhlgol/ª l8hfOlgªsf] Kofs]h
 Software sf] cy{ M Various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. pbfx/0f M Operating
System, Graphics Programs, Word Processor, Antivirus, Email, Internet Browser etc=_
 Hardware sf] cy{ : The physical aspects of computers and related devices. -pbfx/0f : computer, case, keyboard,
monitor, Graphic-Card, Sound card, CPU, Motherboard etc_
 Ps sDKo"6/df ePsf ;"rgfx?nfO{ csf]{ sDKo"6/df ;xh} ?kdf ;fg{ k|of]u ul/g] ;fwgx? : Floppy, Tape, Zip, CD, DVD,
Pendrive,
 ljZjsf] klxnf] On]S6«f]d]sflgsn sDKo'6/ M dfs{ I sDKo'6/ -;g\ !($$_,
 Email -Electronic mail_ sf] k"0f{ zflAbs cy{ M ljB'tLo x'nfs
 klxnf] k6s Od]n dfkm{t ;"rgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ b]z M cd]l/sf -;g\ !(&!_
 6]nL d]l8l;g M sDKo'6/sf] dfWodaf6 cf}iflw pkrf/ x'g] k|ljlw
 sDKo'6/ efO/; M dfgj lgld{t ;–;fgf sDko'6/ k|f]Ugfd h;n] sDKo'6/df e08f/0f ul/Psf] tYofsnfO{ gi6 ug]{, sDKo'6/df
cgfjZos kmfO{nx? l;h{gf ug]{ tyf sDKo'6/sf] sfo{ Ifdtfdf xf; Nofpg] ub{5 .
 kfO{/];L M s'g} JolQmsf] l;h{gf p;sf] cg'dlt ljgf g} gSsn u/L To;sf] a]rljvg u/L cfDbfgL ug]{ sfo{
 ;j{k|yd sDKo'6/ efO/; zAbsf] k|of]u ug]{ JolQm : Fred Cohen -;g\ !(*#, cd]l/sf_
 ljZjsf] klxnf] sDKo'6/ efO/; : Brain Virus -1986 January_

sDKo"6/sf] cfwf/e"t 1fg – Fundamental knowledge of computer

sDKo"6/sf] sfd ug]{ l;2fGt – (Working principle of computer)
 sDKo"6/ l;:6dn] OGk'6 , k|f];]; , cfp6k'6 / :6f]/]h ( Input, processing, output, and storage ) sf cfwf/df sfd ub{5
.

OGk'6 k|f];]l;Ë
INPUT PROCESSING
cfp6k'6
OUTPUT

:6f]/]h
 OGk'6 STORAGE (Input): sDKo"6/n] 8f6f /
OG:6«S;g Ogk'6 ;fwgaf6 k|fKt ub{5
.(Computer obtains data and Instruction from its input devices like: keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic, webcam, etc._
 k|f];]l;Ë (Processing): sDKo"6/ k|of]ustf{n] (Computer process data according instruction provided.)
 cfp6k'6 (Output) : (it produce output through output devices like: Monitor, Speaker, Printer, etc. The output
which are not physically accessible like sound and content on monitor are called soft copy output device like
Speaker, monitor, etcand output which are physically accessible are called hard copy output device like: printer,
plotter, etc )
 :6f]/]h (Storage): It stores data, instruction and information on storage device like Hard disk, pendrive, CDs, etc
for future use.
sDKo"6/sf cfwf/e"t zAbx? M
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 3 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 8f6f (Data) M 8f6f eg]sf] tYo jf kl/df0fx?sf] ;ªsng xf] .(Data is the collection of raw facts or figures.)
 OGkm/d]zg (Information) MOGkm/d]zg eg]sf] 8f6fnfO{ k|f];l];Ë (processing) u/]kl5 k|fKt x'g] cy{k"0f{ kl/0ffd (Meaningful
result) xf] . (Meaningful results obtained after processing Data.)
 k|f]u|fd (progaramme) Mk|f]u|fd eg]sf] lgb]{zgx?sf] ;ªsng xf] .(set of instruction)
 k|f]u|ldª NofªUj]h (programming language) : sDKo"6/df k|f]u|fd n]Vg k|of]u x'g] NofªUj]hnfO{ k|f]u|ldª NofªUj]h elgG5 .
(language used to write a program)
 xf8{j]o/ (Hardware): xf8{j]o/ eg]sf] sDKo"6/df hl8t ,xfldn] b]Vg ;lsg] / 5'g ;lsg] ;Dk"0f{ On]S6«f]lgS; / d]sflgsn
pks/0f xf] . (Physical tangible parts of a computer)There are 4 types of hardware: input unit, output unit,
memory unit and processing unit.
 ;km\6j]o/ (Software): ;km\6j]o/ eg]sf] s'g} lglZrt sfo{ ug{sf] nflu agfOPsf] k|f]u|fdx?sf] ;ªsng xf] .
(Collection of programme to perform a certain task)
There are two types of Software:
a. System Software: It is a set of program that manages and supports the computer resources and operation of
computer. Its types are:
i. Operating System (OS): OS is system software which operates the computer hardware and enables the
application software to run on computer. Example: Windows 10, macOS, Linux, etc
ii. Device driver: This software enables the hardware to operate with OS. Example: Software which comes with
printer to run printer.
iii. Utility Software: is used to manage files and program in computer: Example: Antivirus, Disk cleanup, etc
iv. Language processor software: Used to translate language.
b. Application Software: Software designed to solve specific purpose of user. Through these types of software user
performs their task in computer. There are two types:
i. Tailored or Customized Software: Designed to solve specific requirement of organization or
individual.
ii. General or Packaged Software: Designed to solve general requirement of over all organizations and
individual. Example: Word processor, Spreadsheet, Presentation. Microsoft office package software
contain most of general software.
df]afOn ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
 vf]hstf{ M df6L{g s'k/ -!(&#_
 klxnf] df]afOn sDkgL : df]6f]/f]nf -cd]l/sf_
 df]6f]/f]nfn] klxnf] Jofkfl/s df]afOn kmf]g ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ldlt : ;g\ !(*#
 ljZjdf klxnf] k6s ;]n'n/ g]6js{ nGr ug]{ sDkgL M lgKkg 6]lnu|fkm P08 6]lnkmf]g -NTT_ -1979_
 df]6f]/f]nfsf] klxnf] x]8;]6sf] gfd M 8fogf 6LP;L -tf}n & ;o ($ u|fd_
 s]G6sLdf klxnf] ljgftf/sf] 6]nLkmf]gnfO{ cd]l/sL k]6]G6 k|bfg ul/Psf] ldlt : ;g\ !()*
 klxnf] k6s df]afOn kmf]gdf Voice mail sf] ;'ljwf ylkPsf] ldlt M ;g\ !(*^
 ljZjsf] klxnf] Hand-set df]afOn kmf]g : df]6f]/f]nf -;g\ !((@_
 ljZjsf] klxnf] Smart Phone : IBM sf] æ;fO{dgæ -;g\ !((#_
 Camera o'Qm df]afOn kmf]g agfpg] klxnf] JolQm M lkmlnKk] sfXgg -k|mfG;, ;g\ !((&_
 klxnf] News Mobile : Finland -;g\ @)))_
 IMMS ;]jf z'¿jft : ;g\ @))!
 z'?sf df]afOn kmf]gx?sf] gfd : 0 G -Zero Generation_
 1G sf] k'0f{ ?kdf :jrflnt ;]n'n/ g]6js{ z'? M ;g\ !(*) sf] dWolt/
 2G df]afOnsf] z'¿jft M ;g\ !((#, lkmgNofG8
 df]afOndf Text Message and Data Service z'? M ;g\ !((#, lkmgNofG8
 3G df]afOn kmf]gsf] z'¿jft M ;g\ @))!
 4G df]afOn kmf]gsf] cf/De M ;g\ @)!@ sf] pQ/fw{, a]nfotaf6
g]kfndf GSM df]afOn kmf]g
 k/LIf0f M lj=;+= @)%^ j}zfv !
 g]kfn b'/;~rf/ ;+:yfgnfO{ cf}krfl/s cg'dlt M @)%^ j}zfv @(
 Post-paid df]afOn lat/0f k|f/De M @)%^ j}zfv #)
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 4 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
 Pre-paid df]afOn ;]jf ljt/0f z'?jft M lj=;+= @)^) ebf} ^
 GSM Mobile sf] gDa/ ( c+ssf] af6 !) c+ssf] agfOPsf] ldlt M lj=;+= @)^! j}zfv !
 Nepal Telecom n] CDMA k|ljlwsf] df]afOn ;~rfngdf NofPsf] M lj=;+= @)^! sflt{s !
 g]kfn b'/;~rf/ ;+:yfg g]kfn 6]lnsddf kl/jt{g ePsf] ldlt M lj=;+= @)^!
 df]afOn kmf]gdf Incoming call lgz'Ns ul/Psf] M lj=;= @)^@ h]7 @#
 Spice Nepal -xfnsf] Ncell_ n] GSM Mobile kmf]g ljt/0f :jLs[tL ldlt : lj=;+= @)^@
 klxnf] k6s k|of]u ul/Psf] df]afOn kmf]g M g6]{n sDkgLsf], 1G -k|yd k':tf_
 g]kfn 6]lnsdn] 3G ;]jf ;~rfngdf NofPsf] ldlt M lj=;+= @)^$ h]7 #
 ;a} lhNnfdf df]afOnsf] se/]h k'u]sf] M lj=;+= @)^%
 g]kfn 6]lnsdn] 4G ;]jf ;~rfngdf NofPsf] ldlt M lj=;+= @)&# kf}if !& -sf7df8f}F / kf]v/faf6_
 g]kfndf MDMS (mobile device management system) nfu' ldlt M lj=;+= @)&* >fj0f !
OG6/g]6 / Od]n -Internet and E-mail_
OG6/g]6sf] Oltxf; -History of Internet_
 O=;+= !(^( df ;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sfsf] /Iff ljefu -Department of defense_ n] sDKo'6/x?sf] ;~hfn ckf{g]6 (ARPANET -
advance research project agency network__ sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] lyof] . of] ;~hfn cGtu{t Pp6f sDKo'6/ Soflnkmf]lg{of /
ltg cf]6f pyf -utha_ df hf]l8Psf] lyof] . To;kl5 /Iff ljefun] ljZj ljb\ofnonfO{ klg sDKo'6/sf ;~hfn agfO{ xf8{j]o/ /
;km\6j]o/sf] ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ afF8kmfF8 -Sharing_ u/L k|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ o;n] OG6/g]6sf] ?k lnof] .
 OG6/g]6 Ps k|sf/sf] sDKo'6/x?sf] ;~hfn xf] . o; ;~hfndf nfvf}F nfv sDKo'6/x? Ps csf{df k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kaf6
hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . To;}n] o;nfO{ ;+;f/el/sf] sDKo'6/ ;~hfn klg elgG5 .
 b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L sDKo'6/nfO{ cfk;df tf/ jf tf//lxt dfWodåf/f hf]8]/ jf Pp6f sDKo'6/af6 csf]{ sDKo'6/df /x]sf]
;+hfnsf] Ifdtf jf 8f6f jf k|f]u|fdnfO{ rnfpg ;lsg] ;+hfn ljsf; ug{'nfO{ g]6js{ elgG5 . g]6js{ eg]sf] sDKo'6/x¿aLrsf]
;Ghfn xf] / of] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 .
!_ LAN (Local Area Network) : ;a}eGbf ;fgf] cfsf/sf] g]6js{, Pp6f 3/ jf sfof{nodf s]xL lsnf]ld6/;Dd
km}lnPsf] h:t}: ;fOj/ Sofkm], :s'n, SofDk;, sfof{no
@_ MAN (Municipality Area Network) : of] Pp6f gu/kflnsf e/L km}lnPsf] x'G5 .
#_ WAN (Wide Area Network) : of] 7"nf] ef}uf]lns If]q, b]z jf dxfb]zel/ km}lnPsf] x'G5 / o:tf] g]6js{sf]
;+of]hgnfO{ OG6/g]6js{ jf OG6/g]6 elgG5 .
OG6/g]6 h8fg ug{sf nflu cfjZos pks/0f -Devices Requirement to connect the Internet_
-s_ sDtLdf Pp6f sDKo'6/ l;:6d
-v_ OG6/g]6sf] ;]jf lbg] ;+:yfsf] cflwsf/Ls PsfpG6
-u_ Pp6f df]8d jf /fp6/
-3_ Pp6f 6]lnkmf]g nfOg jf jfOkmfO
-ª_ sDKo'6/sf nflu cfjZos ;km\6j]o/x? -h:t} M ck/]l6ª l;:6d, OG6/g]6 a|fph/ cflb ._
OG6/g]6df k|of]u x'g] s]xL zAbfjnL -Terms use in Internet_
 j]a;fO6 -Website_ ljb\o'tLo lstfa
 j]ak]h -Web Page_ ljb\o'tLo kGgf
 xf]d k]h -Home Page_ j]a;fO6sf kGgfx?sf] klxnf] kGgfnfO{ xf]d k]h elgG5 .
 xfOk/lnª\s -Hyperlink_ Ps kGgfaf6 csf]{ kGgfdf hfgnfO{ cGt/;DaGw
 j]a;fO6sf] 7]ufgf -Website Address_
 -WWW-Word Wide Web_ OG6/g]6sf] Pp6f ;]jf xf] .
 OG6/g]6sf] ;|f]tsf] PS;]; -access_ ug{sf nflu j]a;fO6sf] 7]ufgf -WebSite Address_ jf o'lge;{n l/;f];{ nf]s]6/ -URL-
Universal resource locator_ 7]ufgf rflxG5 h:t} -http:[Link].np_
 a|fph/ -Browser_
OG6/g]6 k|of]u ug{sf nflu k|of]u x'g] ;km\6j]o/nfO{ j]a a|fph/ -Web browser_ elgG5 .
j]a a|fph/x?n] j]a;fO6 vf]N5 . internet explorer, google chrome, safari, mozila firefox
 Od]n -E-mail_ ljb\o'tLo 8fFs , ljb\o'tLo x'nfs ;]jf -electronic postal service_
 ;r{ OlGhg -Search Engine_
gofF gofF j:t'x?sf af/]df ;"rgfx? vf]hL ug]{ ;r{ OlGhg u'un, ofx', PdP;Pg cflb
Od]n 7]ufgf -E-mail Address_ Od]n cfO{=8L= -email ID_jf O–d]n PsfpG6 -e-mail account_
gfd 8f]d]g .org cw{ ;/s/L jf lghL sfof{no
.com Jofkfl/s ;ª\3 ;+:yf .edu z}lIfs ;+:yf
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 5 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
.mil ;}lgs ;+:yf dflg;;Fu k|ToIf ?kdf s'/fsfgL ug{
.net b'/ ;~rf/ ;+:yf ;dfrf/ x]g{ / k9\g
.gov ;/sf/L sfof{no l;k / 1fg cflb ljZjel/ km}nfpg
OG6/g]6sf ;]jfx? -Services of Internet_ cfjZos z}lIfs tyf cGo ;fdu|L t'?Gt} k|fKt ug{
ljb\o'tLo 8fFs -e-mail_ k7fpg cgnfOg Jofkf/ ug{
;fdflhs ;~hfn
cfljisf/ cfljisf/ ldlt cfljisf/s sfof{no /x]sf] :yfg
Email ;g\ !(&^, cd]l/sf U.A. Shiva Ayyadur
www ;g\ !((! l6d ag{/ nL
Yahoo ;g\ !(($ hgj/L h]l/ofª / 8]le8 lkmnf] Sunnyvale, California, USA
Amazon ;g\ !(($h|'nfO % h]km a]hf]; Seattle, Washington, USA
Google ;g\ !((* ;]K6]Da/ $ Nofl/ k]h / ;h]{ la|g dfpG6]g Eo'sf] u'un Kn]S;, Soflnkmf]lg{of,
cd]l/sf
Baidu -lrlgofF ;g\ @))) hgj/L ! Robin Li, Eric Xu Beijing, China
klAns ;fO6_
ljlslkl8of ;g\ @))! hgj/L !% lhDdLj]N; / Nof/L ;]Gh/
Skype ;g\ @))# cu:t Priit Kasesalu, Jaan Tallinn Luxembroug City, Luxembourg
km];a's ;g\ @))$ k|]a|c/L $ dfs{ h's]ju d]Gnf] kfs{, Soflnkmf]lg{of, cd]l/sf
G-mail ;g @))$ clk|n ! Paul Buccheit
Youtube ;g\ @))% km]a|c/L !$ Jawed Karim. Steve Chen, Chad Hurley ;fg a|fgf], Soflnkmf]lg{of, cd]l/sf
Twitter ;g\ @))^ dfr{ @! Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, ;g k|mflG;:sf], Soflnkmf]lg{of, cd]l/sf
Evan Williams
Wechat ;g\ @)!! hgj/L @! Tencent
Tantan ;g\ @)!* cu:6 !( Sophia Pan and Yu Wang a]Olhª, rLg
8«f]g(Drone)
8«f]g M ;g !(&# Oh/fOn -dfgj /lxt xjfO{ pks/0f _
- 8«f]g Sofd]/f M x]lnsK6/ h:t} cfsfzdf p8]/ tl:j/ lng] Sofd]/f
- 8«f]gsf] gfdfs/0f M efn] df}/Lsf] gfdaf6 /flvPsf]
- dfgj /lxt xjfO pks/0f -Remotely piloted Aircraft-RPA_ cyf{t 8«f]g p8fg ;DaGwL sfol{\jlw, @)&% :jLs[t ldlt M
@)&% kmfu'g #
- 8«f]g p8fgsf] nflu btf{ ug{'kg]{ lgsfo M g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0ff -CAAN_
- 8«fg] p8fg ug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt ug]{ Go"gtd pd]/ M !* jif{
- 8«f]g p8fg sfo{ljlw @)&% ljkl/t p8fg u/]sf sf/jfxLsf] nflu cfslif{t x'g] P]g M gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f P]g, @)%# ty
ljB'tLo sf/f]jf/ P]g, @)^#,
- ;'/Iff lgsfon] Drone p8fg ubf{ ;dGjo ug{'kg]{ lgsfo M ;DalGwt lgsfo / g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f
- g]kfndf k|of]usf] ;'?jft M lj=;+= @)&@ kl5
- 8«f]gx¿ clws cf}krfl/s ¿kdf dfgj/lxt xjfO{ jfxgx¿ -o'PeL_ jf dfgj /lxt ljdfg k|0ffnL -o"PP;_ sf] ¿kdf lrlgG5g\.
clgjfo{ ¿kdf, Ps 8«f]g p8fg /f]af]6 xf] h'g 6f9faf6 lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 jf pgLx¿sf] PDa]8]8 k|0ffnLx¿df ;ˆ6j]o/-
lgolGqt p8fg of]hgfx¿ dfkm{t :jrflnt ¿kdf p8fg ug{ ;lsG5, hxfhsf] ;]G;/ / hLkLP;sf] ;fy ;+of]hgsf] ¿kdf sfd
ub{5 .
Drone ;DaGwL s]xL k"0f{ ?k M
- RPA : Remotely Piloted Aircrafts
- UAS : Unmanned Aircraft System
- UIN : Unique Identification Number
- AGL : Above Ground Level
- UAV : Unmade Arial vehicle
8«f]gsf k|sf/
FCategory A : Very Low Risk Operations– @%) u|fd;Dd tf}n ePsf
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 6 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
Category B: Low• Risk Operation -@%) u|fdb]lv @ s]=hL= ;Dd tf}n ePsf
Category C Regulated, Low Risk operations-@ s]=hL= b]lv @% s]=hL= ;Dd tf}n ePsf,
Category D: Regulate, High Risk Operations -@% s]=hL= eGbf dfly tf}n ePsf
REA/Drone p8fgsf] juL{s/0f
- cWoog, vf]h tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{,
- ljkb Joj:yf;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{,
- FEA ;]jf k|jfx tyf ljsf; Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{,
- snf, ;flxTo, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, ko{6sLo Pjd\ dgf]/~hg ;DaGwL sfo{,
- cfd ;~rf/ ;DaGwL sfo{,
- ;}lgs tyf ;'/Iff k|of]hg ;DaGwL sfo{,
;Dj]bgzLntsf cfwf/df RPA/Drone p8fgsf If]qx¿sf] juL{s/0f
!= ;fdfGo M dfgj a:tL /lxt Onfsf, ;+/lIft jf lgolGqt If]q afx]ssf v'nf If]q
@= dWod M a:tL, ;d'bfo, ;+/lIft jf cf/lIft If]q
#= ;+j]bgzLn M ;/sf/L lgsfo, s'6gLlts lgof]u jf k|lti7fg /x]sf] Onfsf, c:ktfn, :jf:Yo s]G›, wfld{s, df ;f+:s[lts,
k'/ftflQ\js / P]ltxfl;s dxQ\jsf Onfsf, xjfO{ dfu{/ xjfO p•g ;~rfng If]q, ljdfg:yn If]q, ;}lgs jf ;'/Iff lgsfo /x]sf] Onfsf
xf]g p8fg ug]{ ;do
- lbgsf] pHofnf]+ -Day light_ cjlwe/
- Ground Visibility % lsnf]ld6/ / Clout Celing $%) ld6/ Go"gtd /x]sf] cj:yf
- ;tx jfo'sf] axfj !) Knots eGbf a9L gePsf],
- kfgL, cl;gf, lxdkft, r6\ofª gePsf] cj:yf
RPA/Drone p8fg ug{ lgif]lwt If]q
- ljdfg:yn If]q cf;kf;sf] % lsnf]ld6/ If]q cyjf ljdfgx¿sf] ;'/Iffy{ prfO{ ;'/lIft ul/Psf] xjfO{ dfu{,
- cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldfgsf] % lsnf]ld6/ ;Ddsf] If]q
- ;}lgs jf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] d'Vofno, tflnd s]G› cjl:yt If]qsf] !))) ld= / cGo ;'/Iff OsfO{ /x]sf] %)) ld6/sf] Aerial
Radius Distance
- kof{j/0fLo / h}ljs dxTjsf] b[li6n] ;+/lIft If]q, cf/If, vlgh tyf ef}ule{s ;|f]t /x]sf] If]q,
- ;'/Iff sf/jfxL eO{/x]sf] b+ufu|:t If]q,
- sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf dfOtL3/ d08nf, :joDe"gfy, kz'kltgfy, af}4gfy, a'9flgns07, b/af/ :Sjfo/ -eQmk'/, sf7df8f}+ /
kf6g_, l;+xb/af/ If]q, /fi6«klt, pk/fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL nufotsf clt ljlzi6 kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfof{no / lgjf; /x]sf] !)))
ld6/sf] Aerial Radius Distance
/f]j6{ -ROBOT_
- Father of Robotics : Engelberge's
- ROBOT : Random Optical Binary Oscillating Technology
- Robot zAbsf] pTklQ M Czech World Robota (Means-forced labor_
- klxnf] k6s Robert zAbsf] k|ofu ug]{ : Karel Capek -1921, Czech_
- First humonoid Robot : Eric = 1928 -UK_
- Developer of first electronic Autonomous Robot: William Greay Walter -1948, England_
- First commercial digital & programmable Robert sf cfljisf/s M George Devol -1954_
- George Devol n] cfljisf/ u/]sf] /f]jf]6sf] gfd : Unimate -1954
- klxnf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ /f]jf]6 ;f]lkmof -@)!& cS6f]a/ @%, ;fplb c/a_
- ;f]lkmof /f]jf]6nfO{ l8hfO{g ug]{ : David Hanson-Feb 14, 2016
- ROBERT : Random Optical Binary Osscillating Technology
- Robot zAbsf] pTklQ M Czech World Robota (Means-forced labor_
- ;f]lkmof /f]jf]6nfO{ l8hfO{g ug]{ : Hanson Robotics
Sophia
Sophia was activated on February 14, 2016. The robot, modeled after actress Audrey Hepburn, is
known for human-like appearance and behavior compared to previous robotic variants. According

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 7 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
to the manufacturer, David Hanson, Sophia uses artificial intelligence, visual data processing and
facial recognition..
kmfObf
8«f]gsf] /Iff, ;}Go, /0fgLlts / cfw'lgs o'4 ljZjdf c;+Vo k|of]ux¿ 5g\. oL dfgj /lxt xjfO{ k|0ffnLx¿ xjfO{ cfqmd0fsf]
p2]Zosf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5. ltgLx¿ gf};]gf JolQmaf6 lgolGqt ¿kdf ;+lbUw :yfgx¿sf] jl/kl/ 3'D5g\ / ltgLx¿ ;/sf/sf]
;]gfsf sfo{x¿ k"/f ug{ s]xL If]qdf ;~rfng x'G5g\ .
 hLjg arfpg ;S5g\.
 sfg"g k|jt{g ;dy{g ug{ ;S5g\.
 ;'/lIft k"jf{wf/ dd{t / Joj:yfkg ug{ of]ubfg ug{
 s[lif Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;/n agfpg
 ldl8ofnfO{ xf8{-6'-kx'Fr :yfgx¿df kx'Fr lbg
a]kmfObf
 Ps xNsf 8«f]gsf] ;fy klg 6s/fjn] uDeL/ / dxFuf] ;d:of lgDTofpg ;S5.
 Pp6f O{lGhgnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ ;fgf] 8«f]gn] b'3{6gf x'g] ;Defjgf x'Fb}g, t/ To;n] ;lhn};Fu OlGhgsf] c;kmntf / nfvf}+ 8n/
gf]S;fg ug{ ;Sb5.
 ;fgf 8«f]gx¿ xjfO{ oftfoft lgoGq0f / hxfhdf /8f/sf] nflu cb[Zo x'G5g\.

;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlw

;/sf/L If]qjf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf ;'ljwfx?nfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlw dfkm{t Jojl:yt u/L ;]jf k|jfxdf Economy, Efficency and
Effectiveneess Nofpg] k4ltnfO{ E-Governance elgG5 . ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ If]qnfO{ r':t, k|efjsf/L Pj+ e/kbf]{ jgfpg k|of]u
ul/g] k|ljlwnfO{ g} ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlw elgG5 . h:t}M ljB'lto zf;g (e-governance), ljB'lto jfl0fHo (e-commerce), b"/
;+rf/ (Tele-communication), b'/ lrlsT;f (Tele-medicine)cflb . g]kfndf ;j{k|yd lj=;= @)%& df ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt
NofOPsf] xf] . xfn ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt @)^& sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . sfe|] lhNnfsf] jg]kfsf] ;"rgf k|ljlw kfs{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
;"rgf k|ljlwdf kx'Fr ePsf / gePsfx? jLrsf] km/snfO{ Digital Divide elgG5 .
Full Forms:-
www world wide web
GB Giga Byte
http hypertext transfer protocol
e-mail electronic mail
VOIP Voice Over Internet Protocol
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
WAN Wide Area Network
ATM Automated Teller Machine
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
LAN Local Area Network
RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging
LASER Light Implication by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
IBM International Business Machine
SCT Smart Choice Technology
ROBERT Rocket Borne Emergency Radio Transmitter
Wi Max Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 8 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977

अन्तर्रास्ट्रिय सं घं यथरंतथरंअन्तर्रास्ट्रिय संमरलम रं

/fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o tyf If]lqo ;+u7gsf] pbea
laZjsf h'g;'s} ;+u7gsf] pTklt ;fdflhs k|ult, cfly{s a[l4 tyf lasf;, zflGt ;'/Iff, cfk;L ;befa / ;xof]u laZjaGw'Tj /
eft[Tjsf] efjfgfsf] lasf;, ;femf ;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0f, dfga clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f h:tf d'n Wo]osf ;fy pbea ePsf] xf] .
cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLlt
 /fli6«o lxt k|j{4g ug{sf lgldt cGo /fi6«x¿;Fu /flvg] ;DaGw g} cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw xf] .
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3sf] a8fkq, c;+nUgtf, k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt, cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / ljZj
zflGt k|ltsf] dfGotfsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] k//fi6« ;DaGw lgb{]lzt x'g]5 .
 b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf / :jtGqtfnfO{{ sfod} /fvL cGt/f{li6«o hutdf /fli6«o ;Ddfg clej[l4 ug{] lbzfdf g]kfnsf]
k//fi6« gLlt s]lGb|t x'g]5 .
 s'g} klg d'n'ssf] k//fi6« ;DaGwsf] dfu{bz{g eg]sf] pQm d'n'ssf] k//fi6« gLlt xf] .
 g]kfndf k//fi6« gLltsf k|at{s k[YaLgf/fo0f zfx x'g . -cfw'lgs k|jt{s eg] /fhf dx]Gb| x'g\ ._
 c;+nUg cfGbf]ngsf] k|yd ;Dd]ng ;g !(%% df O08f]g]l;ofdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
 g]kfn ;Fu k|yd bf}To ;DaGw ePsf] d'n's a]nfot xf] .
 g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] cEo'bo x'g' k"j{ rf/ j6f d'n's a]nfot ३ मार्च १८१६ (!& d] !(#$) cd]l/sf @% clk|n !($&, ef/t !#
h'g !($& / k|mfG; @) clk|n !($( ;Fu bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] lyof] .
 g]kfnnfO{{ zflGt If]qsf] k|:tfa /fhf lj/]Gb|n] la=;+ @)#! kmfu'g !# df /fv]sf lyof] .
 g]kfnsf] zflGt If]qsf] k|:tfjnfO{{ l5d]sL /fi6« ef/tn] clxn];Dd ;dy{g u/]sf] 5}g .
 g]kfn ;j{k|yd ;b:o ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf Osfkm] xf]] .
 g]kfnn] xfn;Dd !&! j6f d'n's ;Fu bf}To ;DaGw sfod u/]sf] 5 . !&! /fi6« ;]l/of n]of]g @( h'g @)@! df ;b:otf k|fKt
u/]sf] xf] .
 k~rzLnsf l;4fGtx¿
 १९५५ंमरंइण्डोनेस्ट्रििसरकोंबरङडुङंिहर्मरंविश्वकरं५ंजनरंमहरर्थीहरु ें प्रलतपरदनंगर्े कों५ंिटरंल दरन्तकोंप्सरकेज रईंनैं पञ्चस्ट्रिि कों
ल दरन्तंभलनन्छं।ंपञ्चस्ट्रिि ंल द्दरन्तकरंप्रणेतरहरू रईंBig Five भलनन्छ ।ंल द्दरन्तहरूंदे हरसअनु रर्ंर्हेकरंछन्ं।
1. Pp6f d'n'sn] csf{] d'n'ssf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfsf] ;Ddfg ug{] .
2. Pscsf{sf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf x:tIf]k gug{],
3. ;dfgtf / kf/:kfl/s lxt sfod ug{],
4. cgfqmd0f,
5. zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTj .
/fi6«;+3
 /fi6«;+3sf] :yfkgf !) hgj/L !(@) df ePsf] xf] .
 ;ef, kl/ifb / ;lrjfno ul/ o;sf # j6f c+u /x]sf lyP .
 League of nation sf ;+:yfks Woodrow Wilson x'g .
 k|yd dxf;lra James Aric Drumand x'g .
 o;sf] k|wfg sfof{no h]g]ef, :jL6h/Nof08df /x]sf] lyof] .
INTERPOL
 :yfkgf – & ;]K6]Da/ !(@#/अविसरकोंलभसरनरमर
 ;b:o – !(% /fi6«
 k|wfgsfof{no – k|mfG;sf] lnof]g
 President- Kim Jong Yang (Republic of Korea)
 g]kfnn] !)) cf} /fi6«sf] ?kdf ;g !(^& df ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] .
 cflwsfl/s efiff – $ j6f -k|m]Gr, c+u|]hL, :k]lgz / c/aL_
 dxf;lrasf] kbfalw – % aif{ -xfnsf dxf;lra hd{gLsf hu]{g :6s @)!$ b]lv @)!( / lrnLdf ;DkGg ** cf}F dxf;efsf] a}7sn]
@)!( b]lv kfFr jif{sf nflu sfo{sfn yk ul/Psf]_
 gf/fM– Connecting police for a safer world
 International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) बरट INTERPOL ंमरंरुपरन्तर्णंभएकों।
 xfn;Dd *( j6f dxf;ef a}+7s ;DkGg, *( cf}F dxf;ef a}+7s @#–@% gf]e]Da/ @)@! df 6ls{sf] :tfda'ndf ;DkGg ePsf] . -of] a}7s x/]s jif{ a:5 ._

NATO
 :yfkgf – $ clk|n !($(
 ;b:o – ३० /fi6«
1|Page Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
k|wfg sfof{no – a]lNhodsf] a|z]N;

gf6f]sf] @( cf} /fi6« df]G6]g]u|f] @)!& sf] h'g % xf] eg] #) cf} /fi6« gy{ Dof;]8f]lgof @& dfr{ @)@) xf] .

;+:yfks ;b:o– !@

efiff – c+u|]hL / k|m]Gr

dxf;lrj– h]G; :6f]n6]gau{

SEATO
 :yfkgf – * ;]K6]Da/ !(%$
 ;b:o – * /fi6«
 k|wfgsfof{no – YffONof08sf] a}ss
 ci6|]lnof, kmfG;, Go'lhNof08 kfls:tfg, lkmlnlkG;, cd]l/sf, O0Nof08 / yfONof08 h:tf /fi6« 4f/f :yflkt ;+u7g .
Warsaw Pact
 :yfkgf – !$ d] !(%%
 k'jL{ o'/f]k / ?;df sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/sf] ktgkZrft ;g !((! b]lv lalwat cGTo
 cNaflgof, a'Nu]l/of, k'aL{hd{gL r]sf]:nfeflsof,xu]/L, kf]Nof08, ?dflgof / ?; h:tf /fi6« ldn]/ Warsaw Pact sf] :yfkgf

Bretton Woods ;Dd]nन

xfn sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf World Bank, IMF tyf WTO h:tf laZjJofkL ;+u7gsf] sf]z]9'+ufsf] ?kdf a]|6gp8 ;Dd]ng nfO{{
lng ;lsG5 . lbtLo ljZj o'4n] Wj:t ePsf] ;+/rgfx¿sf] k'g{lgdf{0f ug{ tyf lbtLo laZjo'Bn] lynlynf] ePsf] cy{tGqnfO{{
;'wf/ ug{sf] lgldt ! b]vL @@ h'nfO{ !($$ df laZjsf $$ j6f /fi6«x¿ ldn]/ cd]l/sfsf] a|]6gp8 zx/df Ps ;Dd]ng eof]
h;nfO{ g} a|]6gp8 ;Dd]ng elgG5 . of] ;Dd]ng d'nt cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o cy{tGqdf ;'wf/ Nofpg s]lGb|t
lyof] . o;n] != IBRD -International Bank for Recounstruction and Development_ @= IMF -International Monetary
Fund_ #= ITO -International Trade Organization_ u/L hDdf tLgj6f ;+:yfx¿ :yfkgf ug{sf] nflu ;'emfa lbof] . oL dWo]
IBRD / IMF !($% df :yfkgf eP eg] ITO :yfkgf x'g ;s]g . o;sf] lasNkdf ! hga/L !($* df GATT -General
Agrement on Tariff and Trade_ sf] :yfkgf eof] . GATT cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/df ;'wf/ Nofpg laZjsf @# j6f /fi6«x¿n]
x:tfIf/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] Pp6f ;Demf}tf lyof] . of] ! hgj/L !((% df WTO -World Trade Organization_ df
?kfGt/0f eof] eg] IBRD / IDA -International Development Association_ ldn]/ World Bank sf] hGd x'g k'Uof] .
World Bank
 World Bank = IBRD + IDA
 World Bank Group = IBRD + IDA+ IFC+ MIGA+ ICSID
 laZj a}s PSn} cfkm' dfq ;+u7g geP/ % j6f ;+:yfx¿sf] ;d'xsf] Pp6f ?k xf] .
 :yfkgf – !($% df Bretton Woods ;Dd]ng cg';f/
 k|wfgsfof{no – cd]l/sfsf] jflz+ª6g zx/
 MOTTO - Working for a World Free of Poverty
 xfnsf] President - david malpas (cWoIf hlxn] klg cd]l/sg /fi6«af6 x'g] Joa:yf 5_
 cWoIfsf] kbfalw - % aif{, Ps sfo{sfn yKg ;lsg] .
 Chief Executive Officer - Kristalina Georgieva
;+:yf= IBRD ( International IDA (International IFC ( International ICSID ( International MIGA ( Multilateral
Bank for Development Financial Centre for Settlement of Investment Guarantee
Reconstruction & Association ) Corporaton) Investment Disputes) Agency)
Development)
:yfkgf @& l8;]Da/ !($% @$ ;]K6]Da/ !(^) @) h'nfO{ !(%^ !$ cS6f]a/ !(^^ !@ clk|n !(**
g]kfn ;b:o ^ ;]K6]Da/ !(^! ^ dfr{ !(^# & hgj/L !(^^ ^ km]a'|c/L !(^( ( km]a'|c/L !(($
;b:o ;+Vof !*( !&# !*$ !%$ !*!
sfG5f] ;b:o gfp/ -@)!^_ /f]dflgof -@)!$_ b= ;'8fg -@)!@_ d]lS;sf] -@)!*_ e'6fg -@)!$_
s:tf] ;+:yf Providing Loan to the Providing Loan to the Investment for the Arbitrator Organization Risk Insurance Org to
Government of Middle Government of Promotion of Private for the settlement of encourage confident
Income Developing Poorest Developing Sector of Developing Investment Disputes investment in
Countries Countries Countries developing countries
IMF
 :yfkgf – @& l8;]Da/ !($% df Bretton Woods ;Dd]ng cg';f/
 k|wfgsfof{no – cd]l/sfsf] jflz+ª6g zx/
 ;b:o ;+Vof - !*(
 sfG5f] ;b:o - gfp/ -@)!^_
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Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 xfnsf] MD - Kristalina Georgieva, a'Nu]l/of -@)!( cS6f]a/ ! af6 xfn;Dd_ (MD hlxn] klg o'/f]k]nL /fi6«af6 x'g] Joa:yf 5_
 cWoIfsf] kbfalw - % aif{, Ps sfo{sfn yKg ;lsg] .
 Currency - SDR ( Special Drawing Right) o;df 8n/, kfp08 :6ln{ª, o'/f], o]g / o'ofg kb{5g\ .
g]kfn ;b:o - ^ ;]K6]Da/ !(^!
 IBRD sf] ;b:o x'g IMF sf] ;b:o x'g' k'a{zt{ xf] .
World Trade Organization
 ;g !(#) df laZjdf b]vf k/]sf] cfly{s dGbLdf ;'wf/ Nofpg tyf lbtLo laZjo'b kZrft laZj cy{tGqdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf]
nflu a|]6gp8 ;Dd]ng cg';f/ ! hgj/L !($* df GATT sf] :yfkgf ePsf] .
 Jofkf/sf] If]q, bfo/f tyf k|s[lt cg';f/ GATT nfO{{ la:yfkg ub{} ! hgj/L !((% df WTO sf] :yfkgf ePsf], h;sf]
laa/0f b]xfo cg';f/ /x]sf] .
 :yfkgf – ! hgj/L !((%, GATT nfO{{ la:yfkg ub{},
 ;b:o - !^$
 sfG5f] ;b:o - ckmuflg:tfg, @( h''nfO{, @)!^
 g]kfn ;b:o - @# clk|n @))$ df !$& cf} /fi6«sf] ?kdf
 WTO sf] :yfkgf ug{] lg0f{o - GATT sf] cf7f} aftf{, p?Uj] aftf{, !(*^
 WTO sf] :yfkgf ug{] ;Demf}tfsf] gfd - df/lsz ;Demf}tf
 WTO df g]kfnnfO{{ k|a]z lbg] lg0f{o - @))# df d]lS;sf]sf], Sofgs'gdf a;]sf] % cf} dGqL:t/Lo a}7sn]
 k|wfgsfof{no :jL6h/Nof08sf] h]g]ef
-
 ;af{]Rr c+u dGqL:t/Lo ;Dd]ng
-
 dGqL:t/Lo ;Dd]ng a:g] x/]s @÷@ aif{df
-
 k|yd dlGq:t/Lo a}7s l;+ufk'/df, !((^
-
 xfn;Dd ;DkGg dGqL:t/Lo a}7s !@ j6f -
 !@ cf} dlGq:t/Lo a}7s @)@! gf]e]Da/ #) b]lv l8;]Da/ # ;Dd :jL6\h/Nof08sf] h]g]efdf ePsf] .
-
 Present Director General - Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala -gfOh]l/ofsL gful/s x'g\ pgL klxnf] dlxnf tyf klxnf]
clk|msg ;d]t x'g\ . ;g\ @)@! dfr{ ! b]lv @)@% cui6 #! ;Ddsf nflu_
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Country -OPEC
 :yfkgf - १४ सेप्टेम्वर !(^)
 k|wfgsfof{no - cli6«of, leofgf
 ;+:yfks ;b:o - % j6f -O/fg, O/fs, s'a]t, ;fpbL c/a / e]g]h'onf_
 ;b:o /fi6« - !४ j6f -O/fg, O/fs, s'a]t, ;fpbL c/a, e]g]h'onf, cNh]l/of, c+uf]nf, lugL, OSjf]8/,
lnlaof, s+uf], gfOh]l/of, ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6;, Uofaf]g, _
 २०१९ बाट सदस्यता त्याग गरे को राष्ट्र कतार हो ।
Asian Development Bank - ADB
 cfly{s ?kn] lk5l8Psf PlzofnL d'n'sx¿sf] lasf; ug{sf] nflu ;g !(^^ df hfkfg / cd]l/sfsf] ;xof]udf :yfkgf ePsf]
PlzofnL lasf; a}s h;sf] k|wfg sfof{no lkmlnlkG;sf]] dlgnfdf /x]sf] 5 .
 :yfkgf - !( l8;]Da/ !(^^
 k|wfgsfof{no - lkmlnlkG;sf] dlgnf
 ;+:yfks ;b:o - #! /fi6«
 ;b:o /fi6« - ^८ - $( PlzofnL + !( u}/ PlzofnL_
 कान्छो सदस्य - Niue २०१९ बाट
 Motto - Fighting Poverty in Asia and the pacific
 cWoIfsf] kbfalw - % aif{, Ps sfo{sfn yKg ;lsg]
 k|yd cWoIf - tfs]l; jftfgfa]
 xfnsf] cWoIf – Masatsugu Asakawa (17 January 2020-present)
 ;af{]Rr c+u - Board of Gevornor
 Board of Director df PlzofnL /fi6«af6 * / u}/ PlzofnL /fi6«af6 $ u/L !@ hgf lgb{]zs x'g] .
 ;a}eGbf a9L z]o/ xf]N8/ /fi6« hfkfg / cd]l/sf !%=^)& k|ltzt xf] eg] rLgn] ^=$$ k| ltzt, ef/t ^=## k|ltzt tyf
ci6«l] nof %=&* k|ltzt xf] .
Colombo Plan
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 blIf0f Plzof tyf blIf0f k'aL{ Plzof sf b]zx¿aLr cfly{s. ;fdflhs, ;f:s[lts, z}lIfs nufot ;du| kIfsf] lasf;sf] nflu
! h'nfO{ !(%! df sf]nf]Daf] of]hgfsf] :yfkgf eof], o;sf] k|wfg sfof{no >Ln+sfdf /x]sf] 5 .

 !*.@$ clk|n !(%% df O08f]g]lzofdf ePsf] e]nfn] NAM sf] cjwf/0ff .

 cfly{s lasf;sf nflu a:t' pTkfbgsf] cfot lgof{t ug{, ;]jf tyf ;xof]usf] cfbg k|bfg ug{ ! hgj/L !(%* df European
Economin Community EEC sf] :yfkgf eof] .
 /fi6«x¿aLr cfly{s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ ;g !(%* df a]lNhod, nSh]dau{, / g]b/Nof08 ldn]/ BENELUX sf] :yfkgf eof] .
 !(^& cui6 * df ASEAN sf] :yfkgf eof] . O08f]g]lzofsf] hsftf{df k|wfg sfof{no /x]sf] of] ;+u7gdf !) ;b:o /x]sf 5g
.
 * l8;]Da/ !(*% df :yfkgf ePsf] SAARC sf] k|wfg sfof{no g]kfndf /x]sf] 5 .
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3
:yfkgf @$ cS6f]a/ !($%
;+:yfks /fi6« %! kf]Nof08 ;lxt
k|wfg sfof{no Go'of]s{, cd]l/sf, dfgxf6g låk
k|d'v c+ux¿ ^ j6f -dxf;ef, ;'/Iff kl/ifb, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifb, lhDdf
hdfgL kl/ifb, cGt/f{li6«o Gofono / ;lrjfno
cflwsfl/s efiff ^ j6f -c+u|]hL, k|]mGr,rLlgof,?;L, :k]lg; / c/aL_
sfof{noLo efiff cu|]|hL / k|m]Gr
;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3 gfds/0f ug{] k|mofslng ?ha]N6
a8fkqdf x:tfIf/ ldlt @^ h'g !($%
;a}eGbf kl5 dfGotf kfPsf] efiff c/aL
xfn ;b:o /fi6« !(#, clGtd /fi6« blIf0fL ;'8fg, !$ h'nfO{ @)!!
dxf;efsf] dxflwa]zgsf] z'?jft k|To]s aif{sf] ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfsf] t];|f] d+unaf/
;'/Iff kl/ifbdf ;b:o ;+Vof !% -% :yfoL / !) c:yfoL_
% :yfoL ;b:o cd]l/sf, ?;, rLg, a]nfot, k|mfG;
c:yfoL ;b:o /fi6« dxf;ef4f/f k|To]s b'O{ b'O{ aif{df ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cfwf/df r'lgg]
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifbdf ;b:o ;+Vof %$ -# aif{sf nflu r'lgg]_
xfn sfo{lalxg c+u lhDdf hdfgL kl/ifb
cGt/f{li6«o Gofonodf Gofflwzsf] ;+Vof !% hgf
Gofolwzx¿sf] kbfalw ( aif{
cGt/f{li6«o Gofonosf] k|wfg sfof{no b x]u, g]b/Nof08
k|zf;lso c+u ;lrjfno
dxf;lrasf] kbfalw % aif{ -Ps sfo{sfn yk ug{ ;lsg]_
xfn;Ddsf dxf;lrasf] ;+Vof ( hgf
k|yd dxf;lra l6«Ua]nL, gj]{sf gful/s
xfnsf dxf;lra PG6]lgof] u'6]/;, kf]r'{un @)!& hgj/L ! b]lv xfn;Dd
g]]kfnn] o'=Pgsf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] ldlt !$ l8;]Da/ !(%%
g]kfn;Fu} o'= Pg sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] ;fs{ /fi6« >Ln+sf
g]kfn nufot cGo !^ /fi6«n] ;b:otf k|fKt ug'{nfO{ Package Deal
le6f] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf :yfoL /fi6«nfO{{
;j{k|yd le6f] k|of]u ug{] /fi6« a]nfot, ;g !(%^
a9L k6s le6]f k|of]u ug{] ?;
g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 o'= Pgsf] klxnf] :yfoL k|ltlgwL l/lzs]z zfx, !(%%
a8fkqdf !!! wf/f, !( cWofo, !) xhf/ zAb /x]sf
;+zf]wg ePsf] wf/f $ j6f -@#, @&, ^! / !)(_
xfn;Dd a8fkq ;+zf]wg # k6s
o'=Pgsf] k|yd claw]zg !) hgj/L !($^
o'=Pgsf] csf{] gfd laZjsf] gu/;ef
o'= Pgsf] zflGt ;]gf ANo' x]Nd]6;
klxnf] lalzi6Ls[t ;+:yf ILO
g]kfnn] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] klxnf] lalzi6Ls[t ;+:yf FAO
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o'= Pgsf] ;b:otf ;j{k|yd TofUg] /fi6« O08f]g]lzof, -dn]lzof ;"/Iff kl/ifbdf r'lgPsf sf/0f lsgsL dn]lzofsf]
Ps If]qdfly p;sf] bfaf lyof]_ x6fOPsf] /fi6« tfOjfg
bf]>f] sfo{sfnsf] nflu lgo'lQ gkfpg] dxf;lra a''qf]; a'qf]; 3fnL
o'=Pgsf] dxf;lran] efu lng gkfpg] Ps dfq a}7s cGt/f{li6«o Gofono
g]kfnn] ;b:otf k|fKt ubf{ ;dy{g ug{] /fi6«sf] ;+Vof %&
b'3{6gfdf k/L d'To' x'g] dxf;lra 8ofu Xofd/ zf]N8
;+o'Qm /fi6«sf] lalzi6Ls[t ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf a8fkqsf] wf/f %& adf]lhd -If]lqo ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf wf/f %@ adf]lhd_
g]kfnn] o'=Pgsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ lbPsf] cfa]bgdf g]jf/L efiffsf] /~hgf lnlk
k|of]u ul/Psf] efiff
g]kfnn] ;b:otfsf] nflu lga]bg lbPsf] ldlt !# k]ma'|c/L !($(
g]kfnn] o"=Pgsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ubf{ g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{
g]kfnn] ;a{k|yd o'=Pg dxf;efdf efu lng yfn]sf] !(%^ b]lv r'8fk|;fb zdf{sf] g]t[Tjdf
g]kfnn] o'=Pg zflGt ;]gfdf efu lng yfn]sf] !(%*
g]kfn ;"/Iff kl/ifbsf] c:yfoL /fi6«df lgjf{lrt ePsf] @ k6s -!(^(–!(&) / !(**–!(*(_
g]kfn e|d0fdf cfpg] dxf;lrasf] ;+Vof % hgf
;b:otfsf] k|:tfa lnP/ hfg] JolQm kbd axfb'/ If]qL
dfgaclwsf/ laZjJofkL 3f]if0fkqdf hDdf wf/f ;+Vof #)
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3odfga clwsf/sf] :yfkgf !(^^
o"=Pgsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] kbs gfG;]g
;g !((* sf] hgj/L !@ b]lv pk–dxf;lrasf] Joa:yf n'O; k|m];]6 -Sofg8f_, xfnsf pkdx;lra cldgf h] df]xDdb -gfOh]l/of_
ePsf] / k|yd pk–dxf;lra
dfga clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ldlt !) l8;]Da/ !($*
o' Pgsf] ;b:o geOsg klg vr{ Joxf]g{] /fi6« xf]lnl;
o'=Pgsf] dxf;efdf k|To]s /fi6«af6 k|ltlglwTj ug{ kfpg] % hgf -t/ ! hgfnfO{{dfq dtflwsf/ x'g] ub{5 ._

 o'=Pg=sf] a8fkq tof/ ug{]JolQm cd]l/sL sla cfls{jfN8 Dofsln:r x'g .

 o'=Pg=sf] ah]6df ;a}eGbf a9L of]ubfg lbg] ;ft /fi6«nfO{{ Big Seven elgG5 .
 dxf;lranfO{ cem a9L clwsf/ lbg'k5{ eg]/ k|:tfa n}hfg] dxf;lra pyfGt x'g .
 Agenda for Peace k|ltkfbg ug{] dxf;lra a'qf]; a'qf]; 3fnL x'g\ eg] An agenda for action sf k|:tfjs PG6f]lgof]
u'6]/; x'g\ .
 o'= Pgsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu k]z u/]sf] k|:tflat k|lta]bg Quiet Revolution sf]lkm cGgfgn] k]z u/]sf lyP .
 o'=Pg=n] zflGt :yfkgfdf ;a}eGbf a9L vr{ u/]sf] d'n's sDaf]l8of xf] .
 o'=Pg= sf] dxf;efsf] pkfWoIodf g]kfn ;g\ !(%* df 5gf}6 ePsf] lyof] .
 ;g !(%* b]lv g]kfnn] zflGt ldzgdf efu hgfpb} cfPsf] 5 . ;a{k|yd n]agfgdf ;xeflutf hgfPsf] lyof] .
 blIf0fL ;'8fgn] !$ h'nfO{{ @)!! df o'= Pgsf] ;b:otf lnP kZrft o;sf] ;b:o ;+Vof !(# k'u]sf] 5 .
 g]kfn @)!# b]lv @)!% ;Ddsf] nflu cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifbsf] ;b:odf lgjf{lrt eP ;Fu} pQm kl/ifbdf g]kfn # k6s
5gf}6 ePsf] xf] .
 ;a}eGbf a9L ah]6 cd]l/sfn] @@ k|ltzt Joxf]5{ eg] g]kfnn] )=))^ k|ltzt Joxf]5{ .
 xfn dxf;efsf] &^ cf}F a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfufdL && cf}F a}7s ;g\ @)@@ sf] ;]K6]Da/df x'g]5 .
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf dxf;lra / b]z x¿
qm=;+= dxf;lra b]z
1. l6«Ua]nL ga{]
2. 8ofu Xofd/ zf]N8 :jL8]g
3. pyfGt adf{
4. s't{ jfON8 xfOd cli6«of
5. Xofleo/ k]/]h b sf]of/ k]?
6. 8f= a'qf]; a'qf]; 3fnL OlhK6
7. sf]lkm cGgfg 3fgf
8. jfg ls d'g blIf0f sf]l/of
9. PG6]lgof] u'6]/; kf]r'{un
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3df g]kfn / k|wfg sfof{no
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qm=; lalzli6s[t ;+:yf :yfkgf lalzli6s[t k|wfg sfof{no g]kfn ;b:o
;+:yfsf] dfGotf
! cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -ILO_ clk|n !!, !(!( !$ l8;]Da/ !($^ h]g]ef !(^^ cui6 #)
@ vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7g-FAO_ cS6f]a/ !^, !($% १० जुला १९४८ /f]d, O6fnL @& gf]e]Da/ !(%!
# o'g]:sf]-UNESCO_ gf]e]Da/ $, !($^ !$ l8;]Da/ !($^ k]l/; ! d] !(%#
$ laZj :jf:yo ;+u7g-WHO_ clk|n &, !($* ! h'nfO{{ !($* h]g]ef !) d] !(%$
% laZj x'nfs ;+3-UPU_ cS6f]a/ (, !*&$ ! h'nfO{{, !($* ag{, !! h'nfO{{ !(%^
:jL6h/Nof08
^ cGt/f{li6«o b'/;~rf/ ;+3 -ITU_ !*^% !($& h]g]ef % l8;]Da/ !(%&
& cGt/fli6«o gful/s p8\8og ;+u7g -ICAO_ clk|n $, !($& !($& dlG6|on, @( h'nfO{{ !(^)
Sofg8f
* laZj hnjfo' ;+u7g-WMO_ @# dfr{ !(%) h]g]ef !@ cu:6 !(^^
( cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]if-IMF_ @& l8;]Da/ !($% !($& jfl;+6g ^ ;]K6]Da/ !(^!
!) laZj af}l4s ;Dklt ;+u7g-WIPO_ !(&) !(&$ h]g]ef !((&
!! cGt/f{li6«o ;fd'lb|s ;+u7g-IMO_ dfr{ !&, !(%* n08g #! hgj/L !(&!
!@ cGt/f{li6«o s[lif lasf; sf]if –IFAD_ gf]e]Da/ #), !(&& /f]d % d], !(&%
!# cf}wf]lus lasf; ;+u7g –UNIDO_ !(^^ १९८५ leofgf, !(*#
cli6|of
!$ laZj ko{6g ;+u7g-UNWTO_ @ hgj/L !(&% २००३ Dofl6|8, :k]g !(&%
!% laZj a}s ;d'x
-s_ k'glgdf{0f / lasf;sf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o @& l8;]Da/ !($% !$ l8;]Da/ !($& jfl;u+6g ^ ;]K6]Da/ !(^!
a}s –IBRD_ l8=l;
-v_cGt/f{li6«o lasf; ;++3-IDA_ @$ l8;]Da/ !(^) !(%& ^ dfr{ !(^#
-u_ cGt/fli6«o laQ lgud-IFC_ @) h'nfO{ !(%^ !(^^
-3_ax'klIfo nufgL k|Tofe'lt Ph]H;L –MIGA_
ª_nufgL laafb ;dwfgsf] nfuLcGt/f{li6«o !(**
s]Gb|-ICSID_
b]xfosf ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf / k|wfg sfof{no
;+:yf :yfkgf k|wfg sfof{no
UNDP !(^^ Go'of]s{
UNEP !(&@ g}/f]aL, s]Gof
UNU !(&@ 6f]lsof]
UNHCR !(%) h]g]ef
UNICEF !($^ Go'of]s{
WTO !hgj/L !((% h]g]ef
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] dgfPsf dxTjk'0f{ aif{x¿
!(^& ko{6g aif{
!(^* dfga clwsf/ aif{
!(&% gf/L aif{
!(*% o'jf aif{
!(() cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf aif{
@))@ cGt/f{li6«o kj{tLo aif{
@)!@ cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L aif{
@)!# cGt/f{li6«o hn ;xof]u aif{
@)!$ Year of Family Farming
@)!% Year Of Light &Light based technology / Year of Soil
@)!^ Year of pulses
@)!& sustainable Tourism for Development
@)!( [Link] Year of Indigenous Languages, [Link] Year of

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Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
Moderation, [Link] Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements
@)@) Plant Health

gf]a]n k'?:sf/ k|fKt ug{] JolQm tyf ;+:yf

UNHCR ;g !(%$ / !(*!
UNICEF ;g !(^%
ILO ;g !(^(
8ofu Xofd/ zf]N8 ;g !(^!
UNO / sf]lkm cGgfg ;g @))!
;fs{ ;DaGwL ;fdfGo hfgsf/L
 ;fs{sf] :yfkgf * l8;]Da/ !(*% df ePsf] xf] . -x:tfIf/ / klxnf] lzv/ ;Dd]ng b]vL kG„f} ;Dd]ng;Dd nuftf/ efu
lnO/xg] /fi6«klt d}d'g cJb'n u}o'd-dflNbE;_ x'g\ ._
 SAARC sf] k"/f?k South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation xf] .
 ;fs{sf ;+:yfks /fi6« & j6f /x]sf 5g eg] ckmuflg:tfg nfO{{ !$ cf} ;Dd]ng @))& clk|n #.$ df ;b:otf k|bfg u/]kZrft
o;sf] ;b:o ;+Vof * k'u]sf] 5 . k|:tfj eg] !# cf} ;Dd]ngdf -ef/tn] k|:tfj u/]sf] lyof] .
 ;fs{sf] cawf/0ff @ d] !(*) df a+unfb]zsf /fi6«klt lhofp/ /xdfg NofPsf x'g .
 Land of Iron eg]/ rlgg] ;fs{ /fi6« ckmuflg:tfg xf] .
 Land of Golden Fiber eg]/ lrlgg] /fi6« kfls:tfg xf] .
 k"a{sf] e]lg; ef/t xf] eg] k"a{sf] df]lt >Ln+sf xf] .
 r6ofªsf] b]z e'6fg xf] eg] gf:kltsf] 6fk' >Ln+sf xf] .
 ;fs{ ;lrjfnosf] pb\3f6g !^ hgj/L !(*& df /fhf lj/]Gb|n] u/]sf x'g\ . -o;sf] k|wfg sfof{no g]kfndf /x]sf] 5 ._
 ;fs{sf] nf]uf] l8hfOg/ z}n]Gb| dx{hg x'g\ .
 ;fs{sf k|d'v c+ux¿ % j6f /x]sf 5g . -/fi6«WoIf tyf ;/sf/ k|d'v x¿sf] a}7s, dlGqkl/ifb, :yfoL ;ldlt, k|flalws ;ldlt,
;lrafno x'g ._
 g]kfndf xfn;Dd t]>f] P3f/f} / c7f/f} u/L tLg j6f ;Dd]ng ePsf 5g\ .
 t]>f] ;Dd]ng @–$ gf]e]Dj/ !(*& / P3f/f} ;Dd]ng %–^ hgj/L @))@ / c7f/f} ;Dd]ng @^–@& gf]e]Dj/ @)!$ df ePsf]
lyof] .
 ;fs{ dlGqkl/ifbn] j0ff{g'qmdsf] cfwf/df dxf;lrasf] lgo'lQ # aif{sf] nflu ug{]5 .
 ;fs{sf ko{a]Ifs /fi6«x¿ DofgDof/, cd]l/sf, df}l/;;, ci6|]lnof, hfkfg, lrg, blIf0f sf]l/of, o'/f]k]nL ;+3 / O/fg x'g .
MAMA JCK IE
 xfn k|flalws ;ldltx¿ & j6f /x]sf 5g . k|flalws ;ldltn] :yfoL ;ldltdf k|lta]bg k]z ub{5 . o;sf] cWoIftf
a0ff{g'qmdsdsf] cfwf/df @ jif{df kl/at{g ul/G5 .
 p4]Zo, l;2fGt, /fHo tyf ;/sf/ k|d'vx¿sf] a}7s, dlGqkl/ifb, :yfyL ;ldlt, k|flalws ;ldlt,sfo{ ;ldlt, ;lrafno, lalQo
k|aGw tyf ;fdfGo k|fawfg u/L !) j6f wf/f /x]sf 5g .
 UNO sf] a8fkqsf] wf/f %@ adf]lhd If]lqo ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf x'G5g .
 ;fs{ ;lrafnosf] efiff c+u|]hL x'g]5 .
 ;fs{df hnkl/a]li7t /fi6« dflNbE; xf] eg] e'kl/a]li7t /fi6« g]kfn, e'6fg / ckmuflg:tfg x'g .
 ;fs{ /fi6« dWo] nfdf] ;+lawfg ef/t #(% wf/f / * cg';'rL /x]sf] 5 .
 g]kfnL efiffnfO{ dfGotf lbg] ;fs{ /fi6«x¿ g]kfn, a+unfb]z, >Ln+sf / ef/t x'g .
 ;fs{ :yfkgf x'g'k'a{ !$ j6f a}7s a;]sf lyP .
 ;fs{n] klxnf]k6s ;DaGw sfod u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7g UNCTAD !((# xf] .
 ;fs{ k'/:sf/sf] /sd @% xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ 5 eg] ;fs{ o'jf k'/:sf/sf] /flz !%)) cd]l/sL 8n/ 5 . ;fs{ o'jf k'/:sf/sf]
:yfkgf !((^ df ePsf] xf] .
 gbL g} gePsf] ;fs{ /fi6« dflNbE; xf] eg] ;lrafnoaf6 dfl;s ?kdf lgsflng] klqsf Spectrum xf] .
 ;fs{ laZjlaBfno ef/tdf 5 eg] ;fs{ lasf; sf]ifsf] sfof{no e'6fgdf 5 . ;fs{ sfg"g ;lrjnfo >Ln+sfdf 5 eg] ;fs{
pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf] sfof{no kfls:tfgdf 5 .
 lg0f{o ubf{ ;a{;Ddlt cfaZos gkg{] c+u ;lrafno xf] .
 ;a{k|yd Eof6 nfu' ug{] ;fs{ /fi6« kfls:tfg xf] eg] ;a}eGbf a9L ;fIf/tf ePsf] ;fs{ /fi6« dflNbE; xf] .
c7f/f} ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng
 ;DkGg ldlt @^–@& gf]e]Da/ @)!$ -@)&! d+l;/ !)–!!_
 o; lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf] gf/f – æzflGt / ;d[l4sf nflu uxg PstfÆ Deeper Integreation For Peace and Prosperity
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Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 c7f/f} lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 k|wfgdGqL ;'lzn sf]O/fnf ;xefuL lyP . cGodf c;/km 3fgL /fi6«klt
ckmuflg:tfg, z]v xl;gf jfh]b k|wfgdGqL a+unfb]z, l5l/ª tf]Ua] k|wfgdGqL e'6fg, g/]Gb| df]bL k|wfgdGqL ef/t, cAb'Nnf
ofldg cAb'Nnf u}o'd /fi6«klt dflNbE;, gjfh ;l/km k|wfgdGqL kfls:tfg, / dlxGb|f /fhkfIf] /fi6«klt >Ln+sf lyP .
 #^ a'b] 3f]if0ff kq hf/L
 ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng @–@ aif{df ;DkGg x'g], cfaZos k/]df ;f] cufa} klg a:g ;lsg]
 ;fs{ dlGqkl/ifb / :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7s aif{sf] ! k6s tyf sfo{qmd ;ldltsf] a}7s aif{sf] @ k6s a:g],
 !( cf} lzv/ ;Dd]ng kfls:tfgdf x'g],
 ;fs{ phf{ Jofkf/ ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/,
 ;g @)#) ;Dddf AIDS sf] dxfdf/L cGTo ug{df hf]8,
 ;g @)!^ nfO{{ æ;fs{ ;f:s[lts ;Dkbf aif{Æsf] ?kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o . -!(*( b]vL ;fs{ jif{ dgfpg z'? u/]sf] . !(()–
aflnsf jif{, !(($ nfO{ o'jf jif{, @))*– c;n zf;g jif{sf] ?kdf dgfof] ._
 h'nfO{ !% laZj o'jf ;Lk lba;sf] ?kdf dgfpg] UNO sf] sbdsf] :jfut,
 ;fs{ If]lqo sfof{nox¿ !! af6 s6f}lt u/L % j6f sfod,
 ;flassf] ;fs{ clen]v s]Gb, ;fs{ dfgjLo lasf; s]Gb|, ;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb| vf/]hL tyf ;fs{ hnafo' la1fg cg';Gwfg s]Gb|,
;fs{ ;fd'lb|s If]q Joa:yfkg s]Gb|, ;fs{ k|sf]k Joa:yfkg s]Gb|, ;fs{ ag s]Gb nfO{ lano u/L lakb Joa:yfkg s]Gb|, ef/t sf]
:yfkgf .
 ;fs{ bzsx¿ (हालसम्म पााँर्वटा दशक मनाएको)
 ;g @))) ;Dd ;a}sfnflu cfwf/e't cfaZostfsf] k'lt{
 !((! b]lv @))) ;Dd aflnsf bzs
 @))! b]lv @)!) ;Dd afnclwsf/ bzs
 @))^ b]lv @)!$ ;Dd ;fs{ ul/la lgaf/0f bzs
 @)!) b]lv @)@) ;Dd cGt/ If]lqo ;Dks{ bzs
;fs{ /fi6« ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3df k|a]z ldlt g]kfn;Fu bf}To ;DaGw ;fs{ /fi6«n] Joxf]g{] vfBGg df}Hbft /flil6|o lba;
vr{
g]kfn !$ l8;]Da/ !(%% !)=&@Ü *))) 6g h]7 !%
ef/t #) cS6f]a/ !($% !# h'g !($& #)=#@ Ü #)^))) 6g hgj/L @^
kfls:tfg #) ;]K6]Da/ !($& @) dfr{ !(^) @@=%@ Ü *)))) 6g dfr{ @#
ckmuflg:tfg !( gf]e]Da/ !($^ ! h'nfO{ !(^! %Ü @*$) 6g cu:6 !(
a+unfb]z !& ;]K6]Da/ !(&$ *clk|n !(&@ !)=&@ Ü *)))) 6g l8;]Da/ !^
>Ln+sf !$ l8;]Da/ !(%% ! h'nfO{{ !(%& !)=&@ Ü *))) 6g km]a|'c/L $
e'6fg @! ;]K6]Da/ !(&! # h'g !(*# %Ü $)) 6g l8;]Da/ !&
dlNbE; @! ;]K6]Da/ !(^% !cui6 !(*) %Ü #^) 6g h'nfO{ @^
hDdf $*%^)) 6g

;fs{ /fi6« If]qkmn ?k}of efiff wd{ cGt/f{li6«o sf]8 g+

g]kfn !,$&,!*! au{ ls=ld ?k}ofF g]kfnL lxGb' ))(&&
ef/t #@,*&,%() au{ ls=ld ?ko] lxGbL lxGb' ))(!
ckmuflg:tfg ^,$&,%)) au{ ls=ld ckmufgL kl;{og, b/L O:nfd ))(#
kfls:tfg &,(^,)(% au{ ls=ld ?kL pb"{ O:nfd ))(@
a+unfb]z !,$#,((* au{ ls=ld 6fsfF a+ufnL O:nfd ))**)
>Ln+sf ^%,^!) au{ ls=ld ?kL l;xfnL af}4 ))($
e'6fg $^,^@) au{ ls=ld g]u'N6|d hf]ªvf af}4 ))(&%
dflNbE; @(* au{ ls=ld ?lkmof lbj]xL O:nfd ))(^)

;fs{ /fi6« /]l8of] 6]lnlehg s]lGb|o a}s

g]kfn /]l8of] g]kfn g]kfn 6]lnlehg g]kfn /fi6« a}s
ef/t cfsfzaf0fL b"/bz{g l/he{ a}s ckm Ol08of
ckmuflg:tfg /]l8of] sfa'n ckmuflg:tfg g]Zgn 6]lnlehg b ckmuflg:tfg a}s
kfls:tfg kfls:tfg a|f]8sfl:6ª skf{]/]zg kfls:tfg 6]lnlehg skf{]/]zg :6]6 a}s ckm kfls:tfg
a+unfb]z /]l8of] a+unfb]z a+unb]z 6]lnlehg a+unfb]z a}s
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>Ln+sf >Ln+sf a|f]8sfl:6ª skf{]/]zg ?kfaflxgL ;]G6|n a}s ckm l;nf]g
e'6fg e'6fg a|f]8sfl:6ª ;le{; /f]on dlg6/L cyf]l/6L
dflNbE; EjfO; ckm dflNbE; 6]lnlehg dflNbE; dflNlbE; dlg6/L cyf]l/6L

;fs{ /fi6« afo';]jfx¿ Joa:yflksfsf] gfd KTM af6 ;fs{sf] k|zf;lgs laefhg
/fhwfgL b'/L
g]kfn g]kfn Po/nfO{G; संघीय ;+;b %lasf;If]q,!$c~rn, &७ lhNnf
ef/t Ol08og Po/nfO{G; ;+;b -nf]s;ef %$% / gofFlbNnL &() ls=ld @( k|fGt, & o'lgog 6]/L6f]/L
/fHo;ef #%)_
ckmuflg:tfg Pl/gf ckmufg Po/nfO{G; zf]/f sfa'n !&!) ls=ld #) k|fGt
kfls:tfg kfls:tfg OG6/g]zgn National Assembly O:nfdafb !#*) ls=ld $ k|b]z
Po/nfO{G;
a+unfb]z a+unfb]z ladfg hflto ;+;b, ##) 9fsf ^@) ls=ld % k|b]z, ^$ lhNnf
>Ln+sf Po/ n+sf kfln{ofd]G6, @@% ;b:o sf]NDaf] @#@) ls=ld @% lhNnf, !@ gu/kflnsf
kl/ifb, @$ lhNnf kl/ifb
e'6fg 8'|s Po/ zf]ªb', !%! ;b:o lyKk' $)) ls=ld !* lhNnf
dflNbE; Po/ dflNbE; dhln;, $* ;b:o dfn] @&^) ls=ld !( lhNnf
;fs{sf] a8fkqdf x:tfIf/ ug{] x:tfIf/stf{
gfd b]z
d}d'g cAb'n u}o'd /fi6«klt, dflNbE;
lhËd] l;ªd] jfªr's /fhf, e'6fg
h'lgo; l/r8{ hoaw{g] /fi6«klt, >Ln+sf
lhofpn xs /fi6«klt, kfls:tfg
>L % la/]Gb /fhf, g]kfn
/flha ufGwL k|wfgdGqL, ef/t
x';]g df]xDdb Pzf{b /fi6«klt, a+unfb]z
;fs{sf dxf;lrax¿=
dxf;lrj b]z kbfjwL
cJb'n cx;g j+unfb]z !^ hgj/L !(*&–!% cS6f]j/ !(*(
sfGt ls;f]/ efu{j ef/t !& cS6f]j/ !(*(–#! l8;]Dj/ !((!
Oj|flxd x';]g hfsL dfnlbE; ! hgj/L !((@–#! l8;]Dj/ !((#
ofbj sfGt lznjfn g]kfn ! hgj/L !(($–#! l8;]Dj/ !((%
god o' x';]g kfls:tfg ! hgj/L !((^–#! l8;]Dj/ !((*
lgxfn /f]lb|uf] >Ln+sf ! hgj/L !(((–!) hgj/L @))@
So"=P=Pd=P /lxd a+unfb]z !! hgj/L @))@–@* km/j/L @))%
n]GKof] 5]GSofk bf]h]{ e"6fg ! dfr{ @))%–@* km/jf/L @))*
8= lznsfGt zdf{ ef/t ! dfr{ @))*–!)dfr{ @)!!
kmflydfy lwogf z}ob dflNbE; !! dfr{ @)!! – k]ma|j' /L @)!@ -klxnf] dlxnf, /flhgfdf lbg Ps dfq
dxf;lrj_
cxdb ;lnd dfnlbE; !@ dfr{ @)!@ – km/j/L @)!$
ch{'g axfb'/ yfkf g]kfn ! dfr{ @)!$ – km/a/L @)!&
cdhfb x';]g kfls:tfg ! dfr{ @)!& b]vL km/a/L @)@)
O;fnf lj/fs'g >Lnsf ! dfr{ @)@) b]vL xfn;d\d
;fs{sf If]lqo sfof{nox¿
;+u7g b]z :yfkgf aif{
s[lif ;"rgf s]Gb| 9fsf, a+unfb]z !(**
;fs{ Ifo/f]u tyf HIV . AIDS s]Gb| eQmk'/, g]kfn !((@
;fs{ ;f:s[lts s]Gb| >Ln+sf @))$
;fs{ aftfa/0f tyf phf{ s]Gb| O:nfdafb, kfls:tfg @))^
lakb Joa:yfkg s]Gb| ef/t @)!$
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g]kfnl:yt ;fs{sf sfof{nox¿
! ;fs{ ;lrjfno @ ;fs{ ;efd'v tyf ;+;b ;+3sf] sfof{no
# ;fs{ Ifo/f]u tyf HIV..AIDS s]Gb| $ ;fs{ cf}nf] /f]u pGd'ng s]Gb|
% ;fs{ cfly{s ;+3sf] sfof{no ^ ;fs{ ;f+:s[lts dxf;+3sf] sfof{no
& ;fs{ sf]ifsf] sfof{no
xfn;Ddsf ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ngx¿
qm=; :yfg ldlt 3f]if0ffkq
k|yd 9fsf !(*% l8;]Da/ &–* !$ a'b]
bf>f] a}unf]/ !(*^ gf]e]Da/ !&–!* @#
t]>f] sf7df08f} !(*& gfe]]Da/ @–$ @^
rf}yf] O:nfdafb !(** l8;]Da/ @(–#! @(
kfrf} dfn] !(() gf]e]Da/ @!–@# @&
5}6f} sf]nDaf] !((! l8;]Da/ @! $*
;ftf} 9fsf !((#clk|n !)–!! ^#
cf7f} gofFlbNnL !((% d]@–$ ^#
gjf} dfn] !((& d] !@–!$ &!
bzf} sf]nDaf] !((* h'nfO{ @(–#! *$
P3f/f} sf7df08f} @))@ hgj/L %–^ %^
afXf} O:nfdafb @))$ hgj/L $–^ $#
t]Xf} 9fsf @))% gf]e]Da/ !@–!# %#
rf}wf} gofFlbNnL @))& clk|n #–$ #)
kGw|f} sf]NDaf] @))* cui6 @–# $!
;f}Xf} lyDk' @)!) clk|n @*–@( #&
;qf} c8\8' P6f]n @)!! gf]e]Da/ !)–!! @)
c7f/f} sf7df08f} @)!$ gf]e]Da/ @^–@& #^

SAPTA- ;ftf} ;Dd]ngdf x:tfIf/ ePsf], g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 dx]z cfrfo{n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf, @% j6f wf/f /x]sf, klxnf] cg'df]bg ug]{
/fi6«–g]kfn xf] eg] kl5Nnf] cg'df]bg ug]{ /fi6«– j+unfb]z xf] .
SAFTA- cjwf/0ff– bzf} lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf >Ln+sfn] NofPsf], !@ cf} ;Dd]ngdf x:tfIf/ ePsf], g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 e]if j= yfkfn]
x:tfIf/ u/]sf, o;sf] a8fkqdf @% wf/f /x]sf .
Saarcpol
 SAARC दयसंर्रिकरंप्रहर्ीहरुिीचंNetworking organization कोंअिधरर्णरं।
 दयसं र्रिहरुिीचं गठितं अपर्रध,ं रगुपदरथा,ं आतङकिरद,ं म्पलतं िुठदकर्णं लनसन्रणं गनां तथरं knowledge and Training
Technique हरुंshare गदै ं र्ु क्षरं हसोग रईंमजिुतंिनरउनंल्सरईएकोंConceptंनैंSAARCPOL हों।ं
 दयसंर्रिकरंप्रहर्ींप्रमुखकों नं२००६ंमरंढरकरमरं म्पन्नंपरचौं म्मे न ेंSAARCPOL कोंअबधरर्णरंअगरढींल्सरएकों।
 दयसं र्रिकरं प्रहर्ीं प्रमुखहरुकों प्रथमं म्मे नं (SAARC conference on cooperation in police matters) नं १९९६ं मरं
श्री करकों को म्िोमरं म्पन्नं भएकों ।ं हर म्मं स करं ११ं िटरं म्मे नं (१०-११ं अवप्र ं २०१८ं मरं करिमरण्डौमर)ं
म्पन्नं
 नं२००५ंमरंबग रदे िकों ढरकरमरं म्पन्नं तेहौंस्ट्रििखर्ं म्मे न ें दयसंर्रिबीचं र्ु क्षरं हसोगंआदनप्रदरनंगनां गृहमन्रीं
तथरंगृह स्ट्रिचिंयतर्ीसं यथरगतं सन्रकोंयथरपनरं।ं
 उक्तं लमलतकों पवह ों बैिकं नं २००६ं मरं िग रदे िकों ढरकरमरं ब ेकों लथसों भनें हर म्मं स कों ८ं िटरं बैिकं म्पन्नं
भएकोंर्ंआिौंबैिकं नं२०१७ंमरंश्री करमरं म्पन्नं।
 गृहंमन्रींयतर्ीसंपवह ोंबैिक ेंSTOMD (SAARC Terrorist offences Monitoring Desk) र्ंSDOMD (SAARC drug offences
Monitoring Desk) कोंFocal Person तोवकंहर्े कंिर्ांfocal person कोंबैिकंबयनेंलनणासं।ं
 Focal person कोंपवह ोंबैिकं नं२००७ंंमरंपरवकयतरनमरं म्पन्नं।ंहर म्मंस कों६ंिटरंबैिकं म्पन्नं।ंछै टौंबैिकं
नं२०१८ंमरंकरिमरण्डौमरं म्पन्नं।
 SDOMDंकोंयथरपनरं नं१९९२ंमरंभएकों।ंस कोंप्रधरनकरसरा संश्री करमरंछं।
10 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 STOMD कोंयथरपनरं नं१९९५ंमरंभएकों।ंस कोंप्रधरनकरसरा संश्री करमरंछं।
 रका ें नं१९८९ं रईं रगुंपदरथांदुर्व्स नींविरुदकोंिर्ांमनरसों।
 रकाकों नं१९८७ंमरंनेपर मरं म्पन्नंतेश्रों म्मे न ेंआतकबरदंविरुदकोंमहर स्ट्रिन्धंपररर्तंगर्े कोंलथसों।
 नं१९९०ंमरंमरस्ट्रिल्दभ् मरं म्पन्नंपरचौं म्मे न ेंNarcotic Drug and psychotropic substances अलभ स्ट्रिन्धंपररर्तंगसों।

lad]i6]s ;+u7g
 lad]i6]ssf] :yfkgf !((& h'g ^ df BISTEC sf] ?kdf ePsf] xf] .
 BIMSTEC sf] k"/f ?k Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation xf] .
 o;sf & j6f ;b:o /fi6«x¿ a+unfb]z, ef/t, >Ln+sf, yfONof08, Dofgdf/, g]kfn / e'6fg /x]sf 5g .
 Dofgdf/n] !((& l8;]Da/ @@ / g]kfn / e'6fgn] @))$ km]|a'|c/L * df o;sf] ;b:otf lnPsf] lyP .
 lad]i6]ssf] * km|]a|'c/L @))$ df yfONof08sf] km's]6df a;]sf] lab]z dlGq:t/Lo a}7sn] g]kfn / e'6fgnfO{{ ;b:otf lbg]
lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] .
 o;nfO{{ Bridge between SAARC and ASEAN klg elgG5 .
 g]kfn ;g\ !((* b]lv @))$ ;Dd o;sf] ko{a]Ifs /fi6«sf] ?kdf /x]sf] lyof] .
 lad]i6]ssf] @)!! sf] hgj/L @@ df ;DkGg !# cf} dlGq:t/Lo a}7sn] ;lrafno a+unfb]zdf /fVg] tyf k|yd dxf;lra
>Ln+sfaf6 /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . lad]i6]ssf k|yd dxf;lra Sumith Nakandala x'g .
 xfn BIMSTEC sf dxf;lra e'6fgsf gful/s Tenzin Lekphell x'g\ . -;g\ @)@) gf]e]Da/ ^ af6_
 lad]i6]ssf] k|yd ;Dd]ng @))$ sf] h'nfO{{df a}ssdf / bf]>f] lzv/ ;Dd]ng @))* sf] gf]e]Da/ !# df gofF lbNnLdf
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
 lad]i6]ssf ;xof]usf If]q !$ j6f /x]sf]df rf}yf] ;Dd]ngn] @ j6f If]q yk u/L !^ j6f If]q agfOsf] 5 . g]kfn ul/aL
lgaf/0f / dfpG6]g Osf]gf]dLsf] ;+of]hg /fi6« xf] .
 lad]i6]ssf] t]>f] lzv/ ;Dd]ng !–$ dfr{ @)!$ df Dofgdf/df ePsf] lyof] eg] rf}yf} lzv/ ;Dd]ng #)–#! cui6 @)!*
df g]kfndf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
 rf}yf] ;Dd]ngsf s]xL lg0f{ox¿
 #)–#! cui6 @)!* df g]kfndf ;DkGg
 d'n gf/f– BIMISTEC Vision–Deeper Intregration
 !* a'b] 3f]if0fkq hf/L
 kfrf} ;Dd]ng >Ln+sfdf ug]{ lg0f{o .
 BIMISTEC Interconnection Grid -law't nfO{g k|;f/0fsf] cGt/b]zLo dfu{_ ;Demf}tf kqdf x:tfIf/
 ;g @)#) ;Dddf ul/aL lgaf/0f ug{] k|lta4tf
 @)@@ df BIMISTEC Tourism sgs]Ne cfof]hgf ug{],
 % j6f If]qnfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbPsf] -s[lif, Jofkf/ / nufgL, hnlaw't, hnafo' kl/at{g / sg]lS6lel6_
 xfnsf] lad]i6]s cWoIf /fi6« >Ln+sf
 Mountain Economy / Blue Economy u/L ;xof]usf @ j6f If]q yk
 !^ cf} dGqL:t/Lo a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] –@( cui6 @)!* df
cfl;og
 नारा - One Vosion One Identity One Community
 cfl;ogsf] :yfkgf !(^& cui6 * df a}+ss 3f]if0fkq hf/L u/L ePsf] xf] . o;sf] k|wfg sfof{no O08f]g]l;ofsf] hfsftf{df /x]sf] 5
.
 ASEAN sf] k"/f ?k Association of South East Asian Nation xf] .
 cfl;ogsf ;+:yfks /fi6« % j6f yfONof08, O08f]g]lzof, dn]lzof, l;+ufk'/ / lkmlnlkG; x'g .
 o;sf ;b:o /fi6« !) j6f /x]sf 5g .
 cfl;ogsf] :yfkgf x'g'k'a{ ;g !(^! df yfONof08, dn]lzof / lkmlnlkG; ldn]/ Association of South East Asia sf] :yfkgf
u/]sf lyP .
 If]qkmn / hg;+Vof b'a} lx;fan] 7'nf] /fi6« O08f]g]l;of xf] . If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df ;a}eGbf ;fgf] /fi6« l;+ufk'/ xf] . hg;+Vofsf]
cfwf/df ;fgf] /fi6« a|'gfO{ xf] .

11 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070

Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 cfl;ofgsf] cawf/0ff Nofpg] JolQm dn]lzofsf k|wfgdGqL bft's 6'ª cAb]n /xdfg x'g .
 g]kfnn] ;a{k|yd s'6g}lts ;DaGw sfod u/]sf] cfl;og /fi6« dn]lzof -! hgj/L !(^)_ xf] .
 cflzogsf] e'kl/a]li7t /fi6« nfcf]; xf] .
 cfl;ogsf] k|d'v c+ux¿ ;/sf/ tyf /fHo k|d'vx¿sf] a}7s, lab]z dGqLx¿sf] a}7s / ;lrjfno u/L tLg j6f /x]sf 5g .
 cfl;ogsf] sfo{sfl/0fL c+u lab]z dGqLx¿sf] a}7s xf] .
 cfl;ogsf dxf;lrasf] kbfalw % aif{sf] x'G5 .
 xfn;Dd cfl;ogsf] #( j6f lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg a}7s ePsf 5g\ . #* / #( cf}F a}7s a|'gfO{df @^–@* cS6f]a/ @)@! df ePsf]
lyof] eg] $) / $! cf}F lzv/ ;Dd]ng sDaf]l8ofdf x'g] ePsf] 5 .
 ;a}eGbf a9L k|ltJolQ cfo ePsf] /fi6« l;+ufk'/ tyf sd k|ltJolQ cfo ePsf] /fi6« Dofgdf/ xf] .
 cfl;og Kn; tLgdf rLg, hfkfg / blIf0f sf]l/of kb{5g .
 cfl;ofgsf % aftf{ ;fem]bf/ leq ci6|]lnof, cd]l/sf, Sofgf8f, hfkfg / Go'lhNof08 /x]sf 5g .
 ZOPFAN sf] k"0f{ ?k Zone of Peace Freedom and Neutrality xf] . o;sf] 3f]if0ff !(&! df cfl;ofgn] u/]sf] lyof] .
 cfl;ogsf lqd'{lt egL O08f]g]l;of, yfONof08 / dn]lzof kb{5g .
 cfl;og /fi6«x¿aLr !$ j6f If]qdf ;xof]u k|j{4g ug{] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 .
 cfl;ogsf] ko{a]Ifssf] ?kdf /x]sf] /fi6« kk'jf Go' lugL / k'jL{ l6df]/ /x]sf 5g .
 cfl;ogsf] k|yd lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;g !(&^ df O08f]g]l;ofsf] afnLdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
;+:yfks /fi6«afx]s cGo /fi6«n] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] ldlt
a'|gfO{ !(*$
leotgfd !((%
Dofgdf/ / nfcf]; !((&
sDaf]l8of !(((
qm=; b]z /fhwfgL d'b|f efiff g]kfn;Fu bf}To ;DaGw If]qkmn
! O08f]g]lzof hfsftf{ ?lkofF O08f]g]lzof !(^) l8;]Da/ @% !(!($$) au{ ls=ld
@ yfONof08 a}ss ef6 yfO{. rfOlgh !(^) gf]e]Da/ # %!$))) au{ ls=ld
# lkmlnlkG; dlgnf k];f] lkmlnlkgf] !(^) km|]a|c/L !@ #))))) au{ ls=ld
$ a|'gfO{ aGb/;]/L a]ujfg 8n/ dn] !(*$ km|]a|'c/L # %&&) au{ ls=ld
% Leotgfd xgf]O 8f]ª leotgfdL !(&% d] !% #@(%^)
^ dn]lzof SjfnfnDk'/ l/Ë6 dnfO{f !(^) hgj/L ! #@(&%)
& Dofgdf/ ofËf]g Sof6 ald{h !(^) dfr{ !( ^&*%))
* nfcf]; leogl6og lsk nfcf] !(^) d] @) @#^*))
( l;+ufk'/ l;+ufk'/ 8n/ rfOlgh !(^( dfr{ @% ^(#
!) sDaf]l8of Gxf]Dk]Gx l/ofn l/ofn !(&% clk|n !* !*!)$)

o'/f]k]nL o'lgog
 o'/f]k]nL cfly{s ;d'bfosf] lalwjt :yfkgf !(%* hgj/L ! df ePsf] xf] .
 o;sf] k|wfg sfof{no a]lNhodsf] a|;]N;df /x]sf] 5 .
 European Economic Community af6 o;sf] gfd !(($ hgj/L ! df European Union /flvof] .
 o;sf] :yfkgf !(%& dfr{ @% df ePsf] Rome Treaty adf]lhd ePsf] xf] .
 xfn EU df @& ;b:o /fi6« /x]sf 5g .
 EU sf ;+:yfks ^ j6f /fi6«nfO{ InnerSix elgG5 h'g a]lNhod, nSh]dau{, g]b/Nof08, k|mfG;, O6fnL / hd{gL x'g .
 a]nfot, cfo/Nof08, u|L;, kf]r'{un, 8]gdfs{ / :k]g Outer Six lyP t/ #! hgj/L @)@) af6 j]nfot cflwsfl/s ?kdf ;b:otf
Tofu u/L aflxl/of] .
 Brexit जनमतं ग्रहं२३ंजुनं२०१६ंमरंभएकोंलथसों।
 नं२०१२ंमरंसों यथर ेंनोबे ंिरस्ट्रिन्तंपुर्यकरर्ंप्ररप्तंगर्े कोंहों।
 ;a}eGbf kl5 ;b:o ePsf] /fi6« qmf]Plzof @)!# h'nfO{ ! xf] .
 o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf c+ux¿ kl/ifb, ;+;b, cfof]u / Gofono x'g .
 o;sf] ;fjf{]Rr c+u tyf ;a} /fi6«sf dlGq:t/Lo k|ltlglw /xg] c+u kl/ifb xf] . o;df @( ;b:o /xG5g .
 sfg'g th'{df / k/fdz{bftfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] o'/f]k]nL ;+;bdf &)% hgf ;b:o x'G5g . ;b:osf] kbfalw % aif{sf] x'G5 .
 o;sf] sfo{sf/L c+usf] ?kdf cfof]u /x]sf] x'G5 h;df ! cWoIf tyf k|To]s ;b:o /fi6«af6 Ps Ps hgf k|ltlglw /x]sf x'G5g . of]
cfof]uaf6 k|:t't k|lta]bg ;+;bsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dt4f/f c:jLs[t ePdf cfof]usf ;b:on] /flhgfdf lbg'k5{ . ;b:osf] kbfalw %
aif{sf] x'G5 .
12 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 Goflos c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf] cbfntdf @& hgf Gofolwz /x]sf] x'G5g . ;b:osf] kbfalw ;fdfGoto ^ aif{sf] x'G5 . o'/f]k]nL
cbfntsf] sfdsfhsf] efiff k|m]Gr xf] .
 o'/f]k]nL /fi6«n] k|of]u ug{] d'b|fnfO{{ o'/f] elgG5 .
 xfn;Dd o'/f] d'b|f k|of]u ug{] d'n'ssf] ;+Vof !( -clGtd /fi6« lny'cflgof hgj/L !, @)!%_ k'u]sf] 5 . EU afx]s ^ j6f /fi6«n] o'/f]
d'b|fsf] k|of]u u5{g\ .
 o'/f]k]nL /fi6«df @))@ hgj/L ! b]lv o'/f] d'b|f k|rngdf NofOPsf] xf] .
 g]kfn / o'/f]k]nL o'lgogaLr !(&% b]lv bf}To ;DaGw sfod x'b} cfPsf] xf] eg] !(&& b]lv g]kfnnfO{{ ;xof]u ub{] cfPsf] xf] .
 o'/f]lkog cfof]usf] k|x/L sfo{nonfO{{ o'/f]kf]n elgG5 . o;sf] k|wfgsfo{no g]b/Nof08df /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] :yfkgf !(($ df ePsf]
xf] .
 If]qkmnsf] lx;an] o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] /fi6« k|mfG; xf] eg] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] /fi6« dfN6f xf] . o;}u/L hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
7'nf] /fi6« hd{gL / ;fgf] /fi6« dfN6f xf] .
 ;g !((! l8;]Da/ !! df g]b/Nof08df ePsf] Dofli6«r ;lGwn] Psn o'/f] d'b|f k|rng Nofpg], EEC nfO{{ EU agfpg], ;femf k'ln;,
gful/stf tyf le;fsf] Joa:yf ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . of] ;lGw !((# gf]e]Da/ ! af6 nfu' ePsf] lyof]
 a9L k|ltJolQm cfo ePsf] /fi6« nSh]dau{xf] eg] sd k|lQJolQm cfo ePsf] /fi6« :6f]lgof xf] .
 o'/f]k]nL ;b:otf kl/Tofu ug{] /fi6« gj{] xf] .
 o'/f]k]nL o'lgogsf] g]kfndf !((@ df ;Dks{ sfo{no vf]lnPsf] xf] .
 xfn o;sf @@ /fi6«x¿ Psn /fxbfgL tyf le;f k|0fnLdf cfa4 /x]sf 5g .
 o'/f]lkog o'lgog !(*@ b]lv g]kfn ;xfotf ;d'xsf] ;b:o ePsf] xf] ,\.
 o'/f]lkog s]lGb|o a}s hd{gLsf] km\ofªkm6{df /x]sf] 5 .
o'/f]k]nL o'lgogsf ;b:o /fi6«x¿ / ltgsf] /fhwfgL tyf /fi6«efiff
/fi6« /fhwfgL /fi6«efiff /fi6« /fhwfgL /fi6«efiff
cli6|of leofgf hd{g a]lNhod a|;]N; k|m]Gr
cfo/Nof08 8lAng cfOl/;q :6f]lgof tflNng :6f]lgog
O6fnL /f]d O6flnog g]b/Nof08 cfD;68{d 8r
u|L; Py]G; u|Ls kf]r{'un ln:jg kf]r'{lulh
r]s u0ftGq k|fu r]s kf]Nof08 jf;f{ kf]ln;
hd{gL aln{g hd{g k|mfG; k]l/; k|m]Gr
8]gdfs{ sf]k]gx]ug 8]lg; lkmgNof08 x]nl;GsL lkmlg;
dfN6f efn]6f dflN6h nSh]dau{ nSh]dau{ k|m]Gr
nflTeof l/uf nflTeofg lny'cflgof lenflgo; lny'cfgL
a]nfot n08g c+u|]hL :k]g Dofl6|8 :k]lg;
:jL8]g :6sxf]d :jLl8; :nf]eflsof a|flt:nfe :nf]efs
:nf]eflgof n'lAnhfgf :nf]eflgog x+u]/L a'8fk]i6 x+u]l/og
;fOk|; lgsf]l;of u|Ls, 6ls{; a'Nu]l/of ;f]lkmof a'Nu]l/og
/f]dflgof a'vf/]i6 ?dflgog qmf]Plzof hfu|]a
g]kfn ;u cGo /fi6«x¿sf] ;DaGw
b]z bf}To ;DaGw ;xof]uL ;+:yf ;xof]usf] ;xof]u
z"?jft
a]nfot !& d] !(#$ DFID !(^! gf/fo0fu9 a'6jn v08, kmlk{u hnlaw't cfof]hgf, NASC,kflv|af; s[lif
s]Gb|, ;]G6 h]leo/ lawfno, w/fg OlGhlgol/u :s'n, a'9flgns07
:s'n,rf/cfnL Onfd ;8s, w/fg wgs'6f ;8s
hfkfg @* h'nfO{ !(%^ JICA !(%$ lzIf0f c:ktfn, sfnLu08sL P s'n]vfgL hnlaw't cfof]hgf, la=lk
/fhdfu{, /]l8of] g]kfn, pbok'/ l;d]G6 sf/vfgf, ltgs'g] eQmk'/ ;8s,
lqe'jg laZjlawfno, lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ladfg:yn, gof a;kfs
cd]l/sf @% clk|n !($& USAID !(%! wgu9L 88]Nw'/f /fhdfu{, afnfh' cf}wf]lus If]q, hgs lzIff ;fdfu|L,
CEDA, s[lif cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, /fdk'/, g]kfn l6Da/ skf]{/]zg
hd{gL $ clk|n !(%* GTZ – klZrd ;]tL hnlaw't cfof]hgf, SOS lawfno, sfnLu08sL hnlaw't
cfof]hgf, yfkynL OlGhlgol/u lawfno, dWo d:of{bL hnlaw't cfof]hgf
?; @) h'nfO{ !(%^ – – /l;og sNr/n s]Gb|, sflGt c:ktfn, kyn}of 9Ns]a/, kg}flt hnlaw't ,
la/u~h lrgL sf/vfgf, hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf, /f]lhg P08 6k{]G6fOg
k|mfG; @) clk|n !($( – !(*! eLd;]g yfkfn] k|mfG;af6 ;}lgs lemsfO ;}lgs ;'2[l0fs/0f u/]sf
13 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
:jL6h/N !) gf]e]Da/ !(%( Helvetas !(%^ nfdf] ;f+3' lh/L, lh/L k|flalws lzIffno
of08 Nepal, SATA

b]z g]kfnaf6 k|yd e|d0f g]kfndf k|yd e|d0f cGo

a]nfot k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'/ /fhb'tsf] ?kdf g]kfn cfpg]  ;a{k|yd bf}To ;DaGw sfod u/]sf] d'n's,
/f0ff JolQm Sofk6]g gS;,dxf/fgL  a]nfotaf6 k|bfg ul/g] pRr ;}lgs kbs leS6f]l/of qm;af6
Plnhfa]ysf] g]kfn e|d0f ;Ddflgt x'g] JolQm s'nla/ yfkf,
!(^!  a]nfotL /fhs'df/ rfN;{sf] gfddf w/fgsf] e]8]6f/nfO{{ rfN;{
KjfOG6 gfds/0f ul/Psf]
 a]nfotdf g]kfnaf6 Goat Leather, Jewellery lgof{t x'g5 eg]
a]nfotaf6 Machinery Equipment, Medicine
hfkfg /fhf dx]Gb| !(^) hfkfgL leIf' OsfO sfjfu'rL,  g]kfnnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L cfly{s ;xof]u ug{] /fi6« hfkfg
cd]l/sf /fhf la/]Gb|, lxnf/L lSnG6g  g]kfnnfO{ a}b]l;s ;xof]u ug{] k|yd /fi6
kbd;'Gb/ dNn  7'nf] dfqdf g]kfnL Garment / Carpent cfots /fi6«
hd{gL /fhf dx]Gb|, !(^$ rfG;n/ x]Nd'6 sf]n  n'lDagL vf]h ug{] a}1flgs kmo'x// hd{gsf,
 hd{g g]kfnL sf/k]6 / Ready Made Garment sf] 7'nf] lgof{ts
/fi6,
?; /fhf dx]Gb| !(%* /fi6«klt dfz{n df]/f]l;nf]e
!(^)
k|mfG; /fhfdx]Gb| !(^^ /fi6«klt km|f:jf ldt]/f :jfdL
!(*#
:jL6h/Nof08 /fi6«klt cfgf{]N8 s]n/  /fli6«o ufg gePsf] tyf xfn;Dd o'4df efu glnPsf] b]z,

a+unfb]z * clk|n !(&@ LDCd'n's, g]kfn a+unfb]z Joint Economic Comission !(&*, @)%$ efb| !^ df km'naf/L
a+unfaGb dfu{ ;~rfng, g]kfnaf6 /fhf la/]Gb|n] !(&& / a+unfb]z af6 !(&& df lhofp/ /xdgn]
/fhlso e|d0f u/]sf, g]kfnaf6 t]>f] glhs d'n's @& ls=dL, !(&^ df g]kfnn] a+unfb]zdf b'tfaf;
vf]n]sf], ;g !(&^ df g]kfn / a+unfb]z aLr Jofkf/ / e'QfgL ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf,xjfO ;]jf
;Demf}tf, kf/afxg / k|flalws ;xof]u ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] lyof] .
ckmuflg:tfg ! h'nfO{ !(^! g]kfnL b'tfaf; gePsf]n] kfls:tfgL b'tfaf;n] g} sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]sf, Land Locked Country,
Security Guard tyf cGo sfdbf/sf] ?kdf g]kfnLx¿ uPsf t/ a}wflgs >d ;Demf}tf gePsf],
g]kfnaf6 /fhf dx]Gb|n] !(&! / ckmuflg:tfg af6 hlb/ zfxn] g]kfnsf] /fhlso e|d0f u/]sf .
e'6fg # h'g !(*# Land Locked Country, g]kfnL b'tfaf; gePsf]n] ef/tLo b'tfaf;n] sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]sf], xjfO
;Demf}tf @))$ 8'|s Po/, e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ g]kfndf /x]sf
dflNbE; ! cui6 !(*) g]kfnL b'tfaf; gePsf]n] >Ln+sfnL b'tfaf;n] sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]sf], /fhf la/]Gb|n] !(*# tyf d}d'g
cAb'n u}o'dn] !(*% df l4kIfLo /fhlso e|d0f u/]sf, dflNbE; af6 MBBS / Nursing k9g
g]kfn cfpg] / g]kfnaf6 klg sfdbf/sf] ?kdf w]/} g]kfnL dflNbE; /x]sf]
kfls:tfg @) dfr{ !(^) !($& cui6 !$ df a]nfotaf6 :jtGq ePsf], e/tk'/ cfvf c:ktfn kfls:tfgsf] ;xof]udf
lgdf{0f ePsf], !(^@ df g]kfnL b'tfaf; vf]n]sf], Pakistan provides scholarships annually to
the Nepalese students, Air Services Agreement signed in August 1976, Nepal and
Pakistan signed a Trade Agreement on October 19, 1962 .
>Ln+sf ! h'nfO{ !(%&

 g]kfn / ef/t aLr !# h'g !($& df bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] xf] .
 g]kfn / ef/t aLr zflGt tyf d}qL ;DaGw #! h'nfO{ !(%) df ePsf] xf] .
 g]kfn / ef/t aLr sf]zL ;Demf}tf @)!! a}zfv !@ ut] ePsf] xf] .
 g]kfn / ef/t aLr u08sf ;Demf}tf @)!^ d+l;/ !( ut] ePsf] xf] .
 g]kfn / ef/t aLr dxfsfnL ;lGw @)%# clZjg $ ut] ePsf] xf] .
 ef/t pklga]zaf6 :jtGq ePsf] !% cui6 !($& df xf] .
 g]kfn / ef/t aLr bf]xf]/f] s/ pGd'lQm ;Demf}tf @)^* d+l;/ !! ut] ePsf] xf] .
 g]kfn / ef/t aLr BIPPA ;Demf}tf @)^* sflts $ ut] ePsf] xf] .
 ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLsf] @ lbg] g]kfn e|d0f @)&! >fa0f !* ut] ePsf] xf] .
14 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 g]kfn / ef/t ;/sf/ aLr @)&! sflts $ ut] Power Trade Agreement df g]kfnsf tkm{af6 /fh]Gb| lszf]/ If]qL / ef/tsf
tkm{af6 k|lbk s'df/ l;Gxfn] x:tfIf/ u/]/ ePsf] lyof] .
 lnR5aL /fhfx¿ ef/tsf] a}zfnL af6 cfPsf g]kfn cfPsf lyP .
 g]kfn cfpg] k|yd e/tLo /fi6«klt /fh]Gb|k|;fb x'g .
 g]kfn cfpg] k|yd e/tLo k|wfgdGqL hax/fnfn g]x¿ x'g .
 ef/tsf nflu k|yd g]kfnL /fhb't l;+xzDz]/ /f0ff x'g .
 g]kfn / la|l6z Ol08of sDkgL aLr # dfr{ !*!^ df ;'uf}nL ;lGw ePsf] xf] .
 ef/tn] k'a{ klZrd / blIf0fdf ;Ldfgfsf] sfd u/]sf] 5 .
 /fhf lqe'ag @))& ;fn sflts @! ut] ef/tLo b'tfaf;df z/0f lng k'u]sf lyP . eg] @))& kmfu'g $ df :jb]z lkmtf{ ePsf
x'g .
 Ef/tn] lqe'ag /fhky, l;bfy{ /fhky, lqz'nL hnlaw't cfof]hgf, b]aL3f6 hnlaw't cfof]hgf, aL/ c:ktfn, k|;'tL u[x, lalk
sf]O/fnf :jf:y la1fg k|lti7fg nufot g]kfnnfO{{ cGo y'k}| If]qdf ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .
 g]kfn / rLg aLr ! cui6 !(%% df bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] lyof] .
 cz+'adf{sL 5f]/L e[s'6Lsf] laafx ltAatsf /fhf ;|UrË u]Dkf] ;u ePsf] lyof] .
 ltAatdf z/0f lng] /fhf pbob]a lyP .
 gkfnaf6 ;a{k|yd rLg hfg] leIf' a'4eb| kfrf} ztfAbL tyf rLgaf6 ofqL x' ofg ;fFu ;ftf} ztfAbL x'g .
 la=;+ !*#@ df g]kfn / ltAat aLr ePsf] Jofkfl/s ;lGw cg';f/ g]kfnn] s'lt / s]?u af6 dfq Aofkf/ ug{ kfpYof] .
 g]kfn / ltAat aLr s]?+u ;lGw la=;+ !*$^ df ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 g/l;+x zfxL, xl/x/ pkfWoo tyf ad zfxn] efu
lnPsf lyP eg] ltaataf6 ;flsof nfdf, 6];' nfdf / sfnf]g 3f]l/<n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP .
 g]kfn / ltAat aLr a]qfatL ;lGw la=; !*$( df ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf tkm{af6 b]aLbQ yfkf / ltAatsf tkm{af6 hg/n
6'6jfgn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP .
 g]kfn / ltAat aLr yfkynL ;lGw la=;+ !(!@ df ePsf] lyof] . h;df !) wf/f /x]sf lyP .
 ;g !(^) clk|n @* df g]kfn / rLglar zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGw ePsf] lyof] .
 pkTosfdf a:tL a;fpg] d~h'>L ltAataf6 cfPsL lyOg .
 snsf/ c/lgsf] ;a{k|yd la=;+ !#!& df rLg uPsf lyP .
 rLg af6 g]kfn cfpg] klxnf] k|wfgdGqL rfp Pg nfO{ x'g eg] g]kfnaf6 ;a{k|yd rLghfg] k|wfgdGqL 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{ x'g .
 rLg ;/sf/n] tftf]kfgL ;'Vvf aGb/ufx, lghfdlt c:ktfn, SofG;/ lrtjg c:ktfn, sf7df08f} rs|ky,c/lgsf] /fhdfu{, k[YaL
/fhdfu{,sf]bf/L /fhdfu{,6|lna;, BICC, /fli6«o ;ef u[x, ;'gsf]zL hnlaw't cfof]hgf, kf]v/f afUn'u ;8s, gf/o0f3f6 d'lUnu+
;8s, x]6f}8f sk8f sf/vfgf, eQmk'/ O6f sf/vfgf, e[s'6L sfuh sf/vfgf nufotsf y'k}| If]qdf ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .
 a]nfot af6 ;a{k|yd /fhb'tsf] ?kdf g]kfn cfpg] JolQm Sofk6]g gS; x'g .
 g]kfnn] ;a{k|yd bf}To ;DaGw sfod u/]sf] d'n's a]nfot xf] .
 a]nfot e|d0f ug{] klxnf] k|wfgdGqL h+uaxb'/ /f0ff x'g .
 a]nfotsL dxf/fgL Plnhfa]ysf] g]kfn e|d0f !(^! df ePsf] lyof] .
 a]nfotaf6 k|bfg ul/g] pRr ;}lgs kbs leS6f]l/of qm;af6 ;Ddflgt x'g] JolQm s'nla/ yfkf x'g .
 a]nfotL ;xof]uL ;+:yf DFID (Department for International Development _ xf] .
 DFID sf] sfof{no g]kfndf ;g !((( df vf]lnPsf] xf] .
 a]nfot ;/sf/n] gf/fo0fu9 a'6jn v08, kmlk{u hnlaw't cfof]hgf, NASC,kflv|af; s[lif s]Gb|, ;]G6 h]leo/ lawfno, w/fg
OlGhlgol/u :s'n, a'9flgns07 :s'n,rf/cfnL Onfd ;8s, w/fg wgs'6f ;8s, nufot y'k|} If]qdf ;xof]u o/]sf] 5 .
 a]nfotL /fhs'df/ rfN;{sf] gfddf w/fgsf] e]8]6f/nfO{{ rfN;{ KjfOG6 gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
 a]nfotdf g]kfnaf6 Goat Leather, Jewellery lgof{t x'g5 eg] a]nfotaf6 Machinery Equipment, Medicine nufot cGo
a:t' tyf ;fdfu|Lx¿ cfot ul/g5 .
 g]kfn / a]nfot aLr # dfr{ !*!^ b]lv g} d}qLat ;DaGw /xb} cfPsf] ePtfklg cf}krfl/s ?kdf !& d] !(#$ df bf}To ;DaGw
sfod ePsf] lyof] .
 g]kfn / hd{g aLr clk|n $, !(%* df bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] xf] .
 hd{g Nepal Development forum sf] ;b:o /fi6« xf] .
 hd{g g]kfnL sf/k]6 / Ready Made Garment sf] 7'nf] lgof{ts /fi6« xf] .
 klZrd ;]tL hnlaw't cfof]hgf, SOS lawfno, sfnLu08sL hnlaw't cfof]hgf, yfkynL OlGhlgol/u lawfno, dWo d:of{bL
hnlaw't cfof]hgf hd{g ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] .
 hd{gn] GTZ-hd{g k|flalws ;xof]u lgof]u_ dfkm{t g]kfnnfO{{ ;xof]u k|bfg ub{} cfPsf] 5 .
 n'lDagL vf]h ug{] a}1flgs kmo'x// hd{gsf x'g .
 g]kfnaf6 ;a{k|yd /fhf dx]Gb|n] !(^$ / hd{gaf6 rfG;n/ x]Nd'6 sf]nn] /fhlso e|d0f u/]sf lyP .
 g]kfn / :jL6h/Nof8 aLr !) gf]e]Da/ !(%( bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] xf] .
15 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070
Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657 [Link]/columbia977
 :jL6h/Nof08sf] Helvetas Nepal g]kfnnfO{{ ;xof]u ug{] ;+:yf xf] .
 /fli6«o ufg gePsf] tyf xfn;Dd o'4df efu glnPsf] b]zsf] ?kdf :jL6h/Nof08nfO{{ lrlgg5 .
 nfdf] ;f+3' lh/L, lh/L k|flalws lzIffno, :jL; ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .
 :jL; ;/sf/n] g]kfnnfO{{ ;g !(%^ af6 cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ub{] cfPsf] 5 .
 g]kfn / k|mfG; aLr @) clk|n !($( df bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] xf] .
 eLd;]g yfkfn] k|mfG;af6 ;}lgs lemsfO ;}lgs ;'2[l0fs/0f u/]sf lyP .
 k|mfG; af6 ;a{k|yd /fi6«klt km|f:jf ldt]/f :jfdLn] !(*# / g]kfnaf6 dx]Gb|n] !(^^ df /fhlso e|d0f u/]sf lyP .
 g]kfn / ?; aLr @) h'nfO{ !(%^ df bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] xf] .
 ?;n] !(%* b]lv g]kfnL lawfyL{x¿nfO{{ Scholarship k|bfg ub{] cfPsf] 5 .
 /l;og sNr/n s]Gb|, sflGt c:ktfn, kyn}of 9Ns]a/, kg}flt hnlaw't , la/u~h lrgL sf/vfgf, hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf, /f]lhg
P08 6k{]G6fOg, ?; ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .
 ?;n] ;a{k|yd !($( df g]kfnnfO{{ UNO sf] ;b:o aGgdf VETO k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] .
 ?;sf] /fhlso e|d0f ug{] JolQm /fhf dx]Gb| !(%* x'g eg] ?;af6 /fi6«klt dfz{n df]/f]l;nf]e !(^) x'g .
 g]]kfn / hfkfg aLr @* h'nfO{ !(%^ df bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] lyof] .
 g]kfn cfpg] k|yd hfkfgL leIf' OsfO sfjfu'rL x'g
 hfkfgn] JICA ( Japan International Cooperation Agency_ dkm{t g]kfnnfO{{ ;xof]u k|bfg ub{] cfPsf] 5 .
 g]kfnnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L cfly{s ;xof]u ug{] /fi6« hfkfg xf] .
 ;g !()! b]lv hfkfg ;/sf/n] g]kfnL lawfyL{nfO{{ 5fqfa[lq k|bfg ub{] cfPsf] 5 .
 lzIf0f c:ktfn, sfnLu08sL P s'n]vfgL hnlaw't cfof]hgf, la=lk /fhdfu{, /]l8of] g]kfn, pbok'/ l;d]G6 sf/vfgf, ltgs'g] eQmk'/
;8s, lqe'jg laZjlawfno, lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ladfg:yn, gof a;kfs{ hfkfg ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .
 g]kfn / cd]l/sf aLr @% clk|n !($& df df bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] xf] .
 cd]l/sf g]kfnnfO{ a}b]l;s ;xof]u ug{] k|yd /fi6« xf] .
 cd]l/sfn] g]kfnnfO{ ;g !(%! b]lv ;xof]u k|bfg ub{} cfPsf] 5 .
 cd]l/sfn] g]kfnnfO{{ USAID (UNited states Agency For International Development_ dfkm{t g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u k|bfg ub{}
cfPsf] 5 .
 g]kfn / cd]l/sL ;/sf/ aLr !% clk|n @)!! df Trade and Investment Framework Agreement -TIFA_ df x:tfIf/ ePsf] xf]
.
 wgu9L 88]Nw'/f /fhdfu{, afnfh' cf}wf]lus If]q, hgs lzIff ;fdfu|L, CEDA, s[lif cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, /fdk'/, g]kfn l6Da/
skf]{/]zgcd]l/sfsf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .
 cd]l/sfn] 7'nf] dfqdf g]kfnL Garment / Carpent cfot ub{5 .
 e'6fgL z/0fyL{ ;d:of ;dwfg ug{ cd]l/sfn] ;xof]u k|bfg ub{} cfPsf] 5 .
 cd]l/sfaf6 ;a{k|yd lxnf/L lSnG6g / g]kfnaf6 /fhf la/]Gb|sf] b'O{ b]z aLr /fhlso e|d0f ePsf] lyof] .

सफलताको शुभकामना

16 | P a g e Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, ktm. Ph: 4794657, 9851095070

 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg
;+j}wflgs ljsfzs|d M
 ljZjsf] k|yd lnlvt sfg'gL b:tfj]h — DofUgfsf6f{ -!@!% h'g !%_
 lnlvt ;+ljwfg gePsf] b]z — j]nfot -;+o'Qm clw/fHo _
 ljZjsf] k|yd lnlvt ;+ljwfg — cd]/LsL ;+ljwfg, !&*(
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws 5f]6f] ;+ljwfg — cd]/LsL ;+ljwfg, & wf/f
 ljZjsf] ;jf{lws 7'nf] / nfdf] ;+ljwfg — ef/lto ;+ljwfg, @% efu, $$* wf/f, !@ cg';'rL - !(%) hgj/L @^ df hf/L
ubf{ @@ efu, #(% wf/f / * cg';'rL lyP
 lj=; @))$ ;fn b]vL lj=; @)&@ ;Dd cfOk'Ubf g]kfndf & j6f ;+ljwfg hf/L eO;s]sf 5g\ t/ sfo{Gjogsf cfwf/df ^
j6f ;+ljwfg dfq nfu' ePsf 5g\ .
 g]kfnsf] klxnf] lnlvt ;+ljwfg M g]kfn ;/sf/ j}wflgs sfg'g @))$ xf] . of] ;+ljwfg sfo{Gjogdf cfpg ;s]g .
 g]kfnsf] cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg @))& , g]kfndf nfu' ePsf] klxnf] ;+ljwfg xf] .
 ;j}eGbf nfdf] ;do ;Dd nfu' ePsf] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)!( xf] .
 ;+j}wflgs Oltxf;df @ j6f ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ JolQm /fhf dx}Gb| x'g\ . pgn] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)!% / g]kfnsf]
;+ljwfg @)!( hf/L u/] .
 hgtfsf k|ltlglw÷k|ltlglw;ef 4f/f hf/L ul/Psf] klxnf] ;+ljwfg M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# xf] .
 ;j}eGbf al9 k6s z+;f]wg ePsf] ;+ljwfg, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# xf] . of] ;+ljwfg !@ k6s ;Dd z+;f]wg ePsf]
5.
 ;+ljwfg d"n sfg'g / g]kfnL efiff /fi6« efiff eg]/ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)!% n] eg]sf] lyof] .
 g]kfndf xfn ;Dd hf/L ePsf] ;+ljwfgsf d'ne't ljz]iftfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 .
;+ljwfgsf] gfd hf/L ldlt nfu' ldlt efu, wf/f, cg'z'rL hf/L ug]{
g]kfn ;/sf/ j}wflgs sfg'g, @))$ df3 !# nfu' x'g ;s]g ^, ^*, ! kb\d zdz]/
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d zff;g ljwfg, @))& r}q !& r}q @( &, &#, $ k/lR5]b /fhf lqe'jg
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)!% kmfNu'g ! kmfNu'g ! !), &&, # /fhf dx]Gb|
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg , @)!( kf}if ! kf}if ! @), (&, ^ /fhf dx]Gb|
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sflt{s @# sflt{s @& @#, !##, # /fhf lj/]Gb|
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# df3 ! df3 ! @%, !^&, $ k|ltlglw ;ef÷ hgtfsf k|ltlglw4f/f
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg c;f]h # c;f]h # #%, #)*, ( ;+ljwfg ;ef

;+ljwfgsf] gfd d:of}bfsf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf ;bg

g]kfn ;/sf/ j}wflgs sfg'g, @))$ ef/t M >L k|s.|; u'Ktf, /3'gfy @ ;bg - /fi6«;ef M ^)– &) hgf, ef/bf/L ;ef M@)– #)
z'Snf, /fd pu| l;+x hgf _
g]kfn M u'~hdfg l;+x, s[i0f zdz]/,
?b|/fh kf08]
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d zff;g ljwfg, @))& — ! ;bg -;Nnfxfsf/ ;ef M #% hgf _
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)!% eujtL k|;fb l;+x, 8f= ;/ cfOe/ @ ;bg -dxf;ef M #^ hgf, k|ltlglw ;ef !)( hgf _
h]lgª\; - a]nfotL ;+ljwfgljb_
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg , @)!( Clifs]z zfx ! ;bg -/fli6«o k~rfotM !$) hgf -!!@ ± @* __

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& ljZjgfy pkfWofo @ ;bg -/fli6«o ;ef M ^) hgf, k|ltlglw ;ef @)% hgf
_
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# nId0f k|;fb cof{n ! ;bg - k|ltlglw ;ef M ^)! Hfgf -@$)±##%±@^ _

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg s[i0f k|;fb l;6f}nf, &# ;b:oLo @ ;bg -/fli6«o ;ef M %( hgf -%^±#_, k|ltlglw ;ef M
d:of}bfsf/ ;ldlt @&% hgf - !^%±!!) _
g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg,
 la=;=@)&@ c;f]h # df hf/L ePsf] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgdf #% efu #)* wf/f / ( cg';"lr 5g\ f
 ;+ljwfg;efjf6 hf/L ePsf] klxnf] ;+lawfg
 s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nfsf] cWoIftfdf &# ;b:oLo ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] lyof] .
 gfd M g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg nfu' ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{M /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbj
 g]kfnsf] ;du|df & cf}+ ;+ljwfg xf], eg] sfof{Gjogsf] b[li6sf]0fn] 5}7f}+ ;+ljwfg xf]
 @)&@ efb| #) M ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]ossf wf/fx?df ;+ljwfg ;efdf dtbfg ;'¿

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 1 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 @)&@ efb| #) M ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os @÷# eGbf a9Ln] kfl/t, tTsfn sfod ;b:o :f+Vof %(&, pkl:yt %#@, kIfdf %)&,
ljkIfdf @%, alx:sf/ %& / cg'kl:yt *
 @)&@ c;f]h ! M;+ljwfg;efsf %#& ;ef;b af6 ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]osdf x:tfIf/, ;efWoIfåf/f k|dfl0fs/0f
 @)&@ c;f]h # M /fi6«kltåf/f ;+ljwfgdf x:tfIf/ u/L gkfnsf] ;+ljwfg nfu' ePsf] 3f]if0ff . ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 ;+ljwfg agfpg]
g]kfn $$ cf}F d'n's xf] .
 @)&@ df3 ( M Jft{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] klxnf] ;+zf]wg k|:tfa kfl/t
 @)&@ kmfNu'g !^ M Jft{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] klxnf] ;+zf]wg sf] ;'rgf /fhkqdf k|sflzt
 ;+zf]lwt wf/fx? M
 $@ M ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL ;DaGwL
 *$ / @*^ M lgjf{rg If]q ;DaGwL
 wf/f $@ sf] pkwf/f ! df /x]sf] ;fdflhs Gofo ;DaGwL xsnfO{ ;dfg'klts agfOof] .
 @*^ M lgjf{rg If]qsf] cfwf/af/] pNn]v 5 . pQm wf/fsf] pk–wf/f ! -%_ df ;+zf]wg ub}{ elgPsf] 5 lgjf{rg If]q
lgwf{/0f cfof]un] o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ wf/f *$ sf] pkwf/f ! sf] v08 -s_ sf] clwgdf /xL
k|ltlglwTjsf nfuL hg;+VofnfO{ d"Vo / e"uf]nnfO{ bf];|f] cfwf/ dfgL ;+l3o sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/g]5
/ k|b]z leq /x]sf k|To]s lhNnfdf sDtLdf ! lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg
efu–! k|f/lDes
!= ;+ljwfg d"n sfg"g M
 of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n sfg"g xf] .
 o; ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg"g aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5 .
 o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
@ x M g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf] 5 .
efu–@ gful/stf
!)= gful/stfaf6 jl~rt gul/g] M
 s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/snfO{ gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
 g]kfndf k|fb]lzs klxrfg ;lxtsf] Psn ;+3Lo gful/stfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
!!= g]kfndf gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ cfwf/x? ÷g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg{] M
s= j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf
v= c+uLs[t gful/stf
u= ;Ddfgy{ gful/stf
3=g]kfnleq ufleg] u/L s'g} If]q k|fKt ePdf To:tf] If]qleq a;f]af; ePsf] JolQm ;+3Lo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] gful/s
x'g]5 .
!@= j+zLo cfwf/ tyf n}+lus klxrfg ;lxtsf] gful/stf M
 of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] lghsf] cfdf jf afa'sf] gfdaf6 n}+lus
klxrfg ;lxtsf] g]kfnsf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq kfpg ;Sg]5
!$=u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] M
 ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] blIf0f PlzofnL If]qLo ;xof]u ;+u7gsf] ;b:o /fi6« afx]ssf b]zdf a;f]af; u/]sf]
;flasdf j+zhsf] jf hGdsf] cfwf/df lgh jf lghsf] afa' jf cfdf, afh] jf aHo} g]kfnsf] gful/s /xL kl5 ljb]zL
d'n'ssf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ kfpg]
u/L g]kfnsf] u}/cfjf;Lo gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
efu–# M df}lns xs / st{Jo -!^–$^_
!^= ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs M
 k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
 s;}nfO{ klg d[To'b08sf] ;hfo lbg] u/L sfg"g agfOg] 5}g .
!&= :jtGqtfsf] xs
k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5 M–
 -s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,
 -v_ ljgf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf,
 -u_ /fhgLlts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
 -3_ ;+3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
 -ª_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]af; ug]{ :jtGqtf,
 -r_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf k]zf, /f]huf/ ug]{ / pBf]u,Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fosf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug]{ :jtGqtf .
!*= ;dfgtfsf] xs
 ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g\ . s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
 ;dfg sfdsf nflu n}+lus cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf s'g} e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
 k}t[s ;DklQdf n}+lus e]befj ljgf ;a} ;Gtfgsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 .
!(= ;~rf/sf] xs
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 2 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
@)= Gofo ;DaGwL xs
 s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
 k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
@!= ck/fw kLl8tsf] xs
@@= oftgf lj?4sf] xs
@#= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs
@$= 5'jf5"t tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xs
@%= ;DklQsf] xs
@^= wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs
@&= ;"rgfsf] xs
@*= uf]kgLotfsf] xs
@(= zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs
 s;}nfO{ klg a]rlavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g .
 s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g . t/ ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf nflu gful/snfO{ /fHon] clgjfo{
;]jfdf nufpg ;Sg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
#)= :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs #% :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs
#!= lzIff ;DaGwL xs #^= vfB ;DaGwL xs
#@= efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] xs #&= cfjf;sf] xs
##= /f]huf/Lsf] xs #*= dlxnfsf] xs
#$= >dsf] xs
 k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ n}+lus e]befj ljgf ;dfg j+zLo xs x'g]5 .
 k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .
 ;DklQ tyf kfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf bDktLsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 .
#(= afnaflnsfsf] xs $#= ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs M
$)= blntsf] xs $$= pkef]Qmfsf] xs
$!= Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xs $%= b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs
$@= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs $^= ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs
$*= gful/ssf st{Jo M k|To]s gful/ssf st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ M–
 /fi6«k|lt lgi7fjfg xF'b} g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfsf] /Iff ug{',
 ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] kfngf ug{'
 /fHon] rfx]sf avt clgjfo{ ;]jf ug'{,
 ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ug{' .
efu–% /fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8
%^= /fHosf] ;+/rgf M
-!_ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg txsf] x'g]5 .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfndf sfod /x]sf cg';"rL–$ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf lhNnfx¿ /x]sf k|b]z /xg]5g\ .
-$_ :yfgLo tx cGtu{t ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef /xg]5g\ .
%&= /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 M
-!_ ;+3sf] clwsf/ cg';"rL–% df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg]5
-@_ k|b]zsf] clwsf/ cg';"rL–^ df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg]5
-#_ ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/ cg';"rL–& df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg]5
-$_ :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ cg';"rL–* df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg]5
-%_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/ cg';"rL–( df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg]5
%*= cjlzi6 clwsf/ M
 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL jf ;femf ;"rLdf pNn]v gePsf] jf of] ;+ljwfgdf s'g} txn]
k|of]u ug{] u/L gtf]lsPsf] ljifodf ;+3sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
efu–^ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt
^!= /fi6«klt M
 g]kfndf Ps /fi6«klt /xg]5 . /fi6«klt g]kfnsf] /fi6«fWoIf x'g]5 . /fi6«kltn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|jw{g ug{]5 .
 ;+ljwfgsf] kfng / ;+/If0f ug'{ /fi6«kltsf] k|d'v st{Jo x'g]5 .
 /fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
^$= /fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf M
 ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo ePsf], sDtLdf k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
 b'O{ k6s /fi6«klt lgjf{lrt eO;s]sf] JolQm /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
efu–& ;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf
&$= zf;sLo :j¿k M
 g]kfnsf] zf;sLo :j¿k ax'njfbdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL x'g]5 .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 3 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
&%= sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ M
 g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg"g adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt x'g]5 .
 of] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f dlGqkl/ifbdf
x'g]5
 g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g ]5
&^= dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g M
 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ePsf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] jf k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] ldltn]
k}+tL; lbgleq k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm ;DaGwL k|lqmof ;DkGg ug'{ kg{]5 .
 /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o dWo]af6 ;dfj]zL l;4fGt adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL ;lxt a9Ldf kRrL; hgf
dGqL /x]sf] dlGqkl/ifb u7g ug]{5 .
&*=;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL x'g] M
 /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5
 lgo'Qm dGqLn] zkyu|x0f u/]sf] ldltn] 5 dxLgfleq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
*)= zky M
 k|wfgdGqL, pkk|wfgdGqL / dGqLn] /fi6«klt ;dIf tyf /fHodGqL / ;xfos dGqLn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf cfˆgf]] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
efu–* ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf
*#=;+3Lo Joj:yflksf M
 k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6«o ;ef gfdsf b'O{ ;bg ;lxtsf] Ps ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf x'g]5 h;nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;b elgg]5 .
*$= k|ltlglw ;efsf] u7g M
 k|ltlglw ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf b'O{ ;o krxQ/ ;b:o /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ g]kfnnfO{ hg;+Vof / e"uf]nsf] cfwf/df !^% lgjf{rg If]q sfod u/L k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6 Ps hgf /xg] u/L klxnf] x'g]
lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g] !^% ;b:o,
-v_ ;Dk"0f{ b]znfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL /fhgLlts bnnfO{ dt lbg] ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g] !!)
;b:o .
 !* jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} Ps lgjf{rg If]qdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
*%= k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn M
 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cufj} lj36g ePsf]df afx]s k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
*^= /fli6«o ;efsf] u7g / ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw M
 /fli6«o ;ef Ps :yfoL ;bg x'g]5 .
 /fli6«o ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf pgfG;f7L ;b:o /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ k|To]s k|b]zaf6 sDtLdf # hgf dlxnf, !hgf blnt / ! hgf ckf+utf ePsf JolQm jf cNk;+Vos ;lxt cf7 hgf u/L]
lgjf{lrt %^ hgf,
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 dgf]gLt sDtLdf ! hgf dlxnf ;lxt # hgf .
 /fli6«o ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
 /fli6«o ;efsf Ps ltxfO ;b:osf] kbfjlw k|To]s @ jif{df ;dfKt x'g]5
*&= ;b:osf nflu of]Uotf Mb]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo x'g]5
 g]kfnsf] gful/s, k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu kRrL; jif{ / /fli6«o ;efsf nflu k}+tL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf]
!))= ljZjf;sf] dt / cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
 k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ePsf] klxnf] @ jif{;Dd / ! k6s /fv]sf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj c;kmn ePsf] ! jif{ leq cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z
ug{ ;lsg] 5}g
 k]z ePsf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf k|wfgdGqL
kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
!)!= dxfleof]u M
 of] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO
;b:on] /fi6«klt jf pk/fi6«klt lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf lgh kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
 ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] u+eL/ pNn+3g u/]sf], sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj jf v/fa cfr/0f ePsf] jf Odfgbf/Lk"j{s cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf]
kfng gu/]sf] jf cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]]sf] sf/0fn] cfˆgf] kbLo lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;efdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:on] g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz, Gofo
kl/ifbsf ;b:o, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbflwsf/Lsf lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw
;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf ;DalGwt JolQm kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
 dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltdf k|ltlglw ;efsf P3f/ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
efu–( M ;+3Lo Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
!)(= ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ cg';"rL–%, cg';"rL–& / cg';"rL–
( adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!!)= ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ ljlw M
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 4 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
-!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;bgdf ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ cy{ ljw]os k|ltlglw ;efdf dfq
k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-@_ cy{ ljw]os, g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn nufot ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]os ;/sf/L ljw]ossf]
¿kdf dfq k|:t't ul/g]5 .
!!!= ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlwM
-!_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Pp6f ;bgn] kfl/t u/]sf] ljw]os oyfzL3| csf]{ ;bgdf k7fOg]5 / ;f] ;bgn] kfl/t u/]kl5 k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu
/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
-@_ k|ltlglw ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] cy{ ljw]os /fli6«o ;efdf k7fOg]5 . /fli6«o ;efn] ;f] ljw]osdf 5nkmn u/L ljw]os k|fKt u/]sf] kGw|
lbgleq s'g} ;'emfj eP ;'emfj ;lxt k|ltlglw ;efdf lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;'emfj ;lxt lkmtf{ cfPsf] ljw]osdf k|ltlglw ;efn] 5nkmn u/L plrt b]v]sf] ;'emfj ;dfj]z u/L k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu
/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ cy{ ljw]os k|fKt u/]sf] kGw| lbg;Dddf /fli6«o ;efn] ;f] ljw]os lkmtf{ gu/]df k|ltlglw ;efn] k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6«klt ;dIf
k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ k|ltlglw ;efn] kfl/t u/L /fli6«o ;efdf k7fPsf] cy{ ljw]os afx]s cGo ljw]os /fli6«o ;efn] cfkm" ;dIf k|fKt ePsf]
b'O{ dxLgfleq kfl/t u/L jf ;'emfj ;lxt lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] ;dofjlwleq /fli6«o ;efn] ;f] ljw]os lkmtf{ gu/]df
k|ltlglw ;efn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt ;b:ox¿sf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f] ljw]os k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!@= ljw]os lkmtf{ lng] M ljw]os k|:t'tstf{n] ;bgsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljw]os lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
!!#= ljw]osdf k|df0fLs/0f M
-!_ wf/f !!! adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ul/g] ljw]os pTklQ ePsf] ;bgsf] ;efd'v jf cWoIfn] k|dfl0ft u/L
k]z ug'{ kg{]5 . t/ cy{ ljw]ossf xsdf cy{ ljw]os xf] egL ;efd'vn] k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; wf/f adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljw]os kGw| lbgleq k|df0fLs/0f u/L To;sf] ;"rgf oyf;Dej
rfF8f] b'j} ;bgnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 . /fi6«kltaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 ljw]os P]g aGg]5 .
!!$= cWofb]z M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] clwj]zg rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo cj:yfdf tTsfn s]xL ug{ cfjZos k/]df
dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . cWofb]z P]g ;/x dfGo x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z,–
-s_ hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgdf k]z ul/g]5 / b'j} ;bgn] :jLsf/ gu/]df :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5,
-v_ /fi6«kltaf6 h'g;'s} avt vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5, /
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd lgliqmo jf vf/]h gePdf b'j} ;bgsf] a}7s a;]sf] ;f7L lbg kl5 :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .
efu–!) M ;+3Lo cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
!!%= s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] M sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} s/ nufOg] / p7fOg] 5}g . ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s
g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} C0f lng] / hdfgt lbg] 5}g .
!!^= ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if M u'7L /sd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf /fh:j, /fh:jsf] lwtf]df lnOPsf ;a} shf{, P]gsf]
clwsf/ cGtu{t lbOPsf] h'g;'s} C0f c;'n x'Fbf k|fKt ePsf] ;a} wg / g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] cGo h'g;'s} /sd ;+3Lo P]gåf/f
csf]{ s'g} Joj:yf gul/Pdf Ps ;/sf/L sf]ifdf cfDbfgL afFlwg]5 h;nfO{ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if elgg]5 .
!!(= /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg M g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] ;DaGwdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7sdf
b]xfosf ljifox¿ ;d]t v'nfO{ jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ug'{ kg]{]5 M– -s_ /fh:jsf] cg'dfg, -v_ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g]
cfjZos /sdx¿, / -u_ ;+3Lo ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd Joo x'g] cfjZos /sdx¿ .
!@!= k"/s cg'dfg M s'g} cfly{s jif{df b]xfosf] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn] k|ltlglw ;efdf k"/s cg'dfg k]z
ug{ ;Sg]5
!@@= k]ZsL vr{ M ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf cfly{s jif{sf nflu cg'dfg ul/Psf] Joosf] s'g} c+z k]ZsLsf
¿kdf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!@$= ;+3Lo cfsl:ds sf]if M ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd cfsl:ds sf]ifsf gfdn] Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
sf]ifdf ;do ;dodf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ePsf] /sd hDdf ul/g]5 .
efu–!! Gofokflnsf
!@&= cbfntx¿ M g]kfndf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cbfntx¿ /xg]5g\ M– ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt, lhNnf cbfnt .
!@*= ;jf]{Rr cbfnt M
 g]kfndf Ps ;jf]{Rr cbfnt x'g]5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x'g]5 .
 o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;a} cbfnt / Goflos lgsfox¿ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt dftxt /xg]5g\ .
 ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] JofVof ug{] clGtd clwsf/ ;jf{]Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
!@(= g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm / of]Uotf M
 ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLzsf cltl/Qm a9Ldf aL; hgf GofofwLz /xg]5g\ .
 ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzsf] / Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm
/fi6«kltaf6 x'g]5 .
 ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 .
 k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbfjlw 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 5 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 sfg"gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf
:gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf] x}l;otdf sDtLdf kGw| jif{ lg/Gt/ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf kGw|
jif{;Dd Gofo jf sfg"gsf] If]qdf lg/Gt/ sfd u/L ljlzi6 sfg"gljbsf] ¿kdf Voflt k|fKt u/]sf] jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst
k|yd >]0fL jf ;f]eGbf dflyNnf] kbdf sDtLdf afx| jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf
nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
!#!= k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm x'g] M
 lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, lghsf] pd]/ k}+;¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
!##= ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M
 c;fwf/0f clwsf/ If]q cGtu{t ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z, pTk|]if0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f nufot cGo pko'Qm
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!#&=;+j}wflgs Ohnf;sf] u7g M
 ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf Ps ;+j}wflgs Ohnf; /xg]5 . To:tf] Ohnf;df k|wfg GofofwLz / Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg
GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf cGo rf/ hgf GofofwLz /xg] 5g\ .
 Ohnf;n] k/]sf lgj]bgsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf d'2fsf] z'¿ sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{]5 M–
-s_ ;+3 / k|b]z, k|b]z / k|b]z, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx tyf :yfgLo txx¿ aLrsf] clwsf/ If]qsf] af/]df ePsf] ljjfb ;DaGwL,
-v_ ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ljjfb / ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o jf k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf] cof]Uotf
;DaGwL .
!#*= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M
 ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, Gofo kl/ifb / Gofo ;]jf cfof]un] k|To]s jif{ cfˆgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] To:tf]
k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{]5 .
!#(= pRr cbfnt M k|To]s k|b]zdf Ps pRr cbfnt /xg]5 .
 k|To]s pRr cbfntdf d'Vo GofofwLzsf cltl/Qm ;+3Lo sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf GofofwLzx¿ /xg]5g\ .
 k|wfg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .
!$@= d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm x'g] M
 lghn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, lghsf] pd]/ lq;¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf, lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
!$*= lhNnf cbfnt M
 k|To]s lhNnfdf Ps lhNnf cbfnt x'g]5 . lhNnf cbfntsf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzaf6
x'g]5 .
!%@= ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt M
 vf; lsl;d / k|s[ltsf d'2fx¿sf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd cGo ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf
Gofoflws/0fsf] :yfkgf / u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ s'g} vf; d'2fsf nflu ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofoflws/0fsf]
u7g ul/g] 5}g .
 Ps jif{ eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g] kmf}hbf/L s;"/ ;DaGwLd'2f cbfnt jf ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt jf ;}lgs cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfo
afx]s cGo lgsfosf] clwsf/ If]qdf kg{] 5}g .
!%#= Gofo kl/ifb M
 GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, cg'zf;g ;DaGwL sf/afxL, avf{;L / Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL cGo ljifosf] l;kmfl/; ug{ jf k/fdz{
lbg Pp6f Gofo kl/ifb /xg]5, h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz–cWoIf
-v_ ;+3Lo sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL –;b:o
-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf jl/i7td GofofwLz Ps hgf –;b:o
-3_ /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm u/]sf] Ps hgf sfg"gljb– ;b:o
-ª_ g]kfn af/ P;f]l;Pzgsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltåf/f lgo'Qm sDtLdf aL; jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmf –
;b:o
!%$= Gofo ;]jf cfof]u M
 g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg"g adf]lhd ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst kbdf lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf ubf{ jf To:tf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ug]{5
 Gofo ;]jf cfof]udf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ x'g]5g\ M–
-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz –cWoIf
-v_;+3Lo sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL–;b:o
-u_;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLz –;b:o
-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf –;b:o
-ª_ dxfGofoflwjQmf–;b:o
efu–!@ M dxfGofoflwjQmf
!%&= dxfGofoflwjQmf M g]kfndf Ps dxfGofoflwjQmf /xg]5 . /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
lgol'Qm ug]{]5 . k|wfgdGqLn] rfx]sf] cjlw;Dd dxfGofoflwjQmf cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g] of]Uotf
ePsf] JolQm dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 6 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
x'g]5 . ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg' dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 bfo/ ePsf] d'2f lkmtf{ ln+bf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] /fo lng' kg]{5 .
efu–!# k|b]z sfo{kflnsf
!^@= k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ Mk|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt x'g]5 f k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL sfo{x¿ k|b]z
;/sf/sf gfddf x'g] 5g\
!^#= k|b]z k|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
 k|To]s k|b]zdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf k|b]z k|d'v /xg]5 . /fi6«kltn] k|To]s k|b]zsf nflu Ps k|b]z k|d'v lgo'lQm ug]{5
 /fi6«kltn]] kbfjlw ;dfKt x'g'eGbf cufj} lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df afx]s k|b]z k|d'vsf] kbfjlw kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
 Pp6} JolQm Ps k6seGbf a9L Ps} k|b]zdf k|b]z k|d'v x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
!^$= k|b]z k|d'vsf] of]Uotf M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo ePsf]], k}+tL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
!^*= k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g M
 k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efdf ax'dt k|fKt ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 / lghsf] cWoIftfdf k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbsf]
u7g x'g]5
 k|b]z k|d'vn] d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z ;efsf ;b:odWo]af6 ;dfj]zL l;4fGt adf]lhd d'VodGqL ;lxt k|b]z ;efsf s'n
;b:o ;+Vofsf] aL; k|ltzt eGbf a9L gx'g] u/L] k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb u7g ug]{5 .
efu–!$ k|b]z Joj:yflksf
!&%= k|b]z Joj:yflksf M k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksf Ps;bgfTds x'g]5 h;nfO{ k|b]z ;ef elgg]5 .
!&^= k|b]z ;efsf] u7g M
 k|To]s k|b]z ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf ;b:o /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ ;DalGwt k|b]zaf6 k|ltlglw ;efdf klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] bf]Aa/ ;+Vofdf
x'g cfpg] ;b:o,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd sfod x'g] ;b:o ;+VofnfO{ ;f7L k|ltzt dfgL afFsL rfnL; k|ltztdf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6
lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o .
 k|b]z ;efsf ^)Ü ;b:o klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd / $)Ü ;b:o ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd
lgjf{lrt x'g]5g\
 k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
efu–!& :yfgLo sfo{kflnsf
@!$= :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ M
 :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf lglxt
/xg]5 .
 ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sfl/0fL sfo{ ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] gfddf x'g]5 .
@!%= ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
 k|To]s ufpFkflnsfdf Ps hgf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf /xg]5 . lghsf] cWoIftfdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf u7g x'g]5 .
 ufpF sfo{kflnsfdf Ps hgf pkfWoIf, k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt j8f cWoIf lgjf{lrt ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
 PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf g]kfnL gful/s cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf / $ hgf dlxnf ;b:o, blnt jf cNk;+Vos
;d"bfoaf6 @ hgf ;b:o ufpF;efsf] lgjf{rgaf6 ljhoL lgjf{rLt ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ .
 cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
 cWoIfsf] kbdf b'O{ sfo{sfn lgjf{lrt ePsf] JolQm ufpFkflnsfsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g .
@!^= gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
 k|To]s gu/kflnsfdf Ps hgf gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v /xg]5 . lghsf] cWoIftfdf gu/ sfo{kflnsf u7g x'g]5 .
 gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf Ps hgf pkk|d'v, k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt j8f cWoIf adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:o /xg]5g\
 PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf g]kfnL gful/s k|d'v, pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf / % hgf dlxnf ;b:o, blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;d"bfoaf6
# hgf ;b:o gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rgaf6 ljhoL lgjf{rLt ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ .
 k|d'v, pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
 k|d'vsf] kbdf b'O{ sfo{sfn lgjf{lrt ePsf] JolQm gu/kflnsfsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g
@@)= lhNnf ;ef / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt M
 lhNnf leqsf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfx¿aLr ;dGjo ug{ Ps lhNnf ;ef /xg]5 .
 lhNnf ;efdf lhNnf leqsf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
 ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbg leq lhNnf ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a:g]5 .
 lhNnf ;efn] Ps hgf k|d'v, Ps hgf pkk|d'v, sDtLdf tLg hgf dlxnf / sDtLdf Ps hgf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;lxt a9Ldf
( hgf ;b:o /x]sf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5 .
 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnf ;efsf] tkm{af6 ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|d'v, pkk|d'v /
;b:osf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
efu–!* :yfgLo Joj:yflksf
@@!= :yfgLo txsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M :yfgLo txsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efdf lglxt /xg]5
@@@= ufpF;efsf] u7g M k|To]s ufpFkflnsfdf Ps ufpF ;ef /xg]5 .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 7 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 ufpF ;efdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf / k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt rf/hgf ;b:o / blnt jf cNk;+Vos
;d'bfoaf6 lgjf{lrt ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
 ufpF ;efdf k|To]s j8faf6 sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 .
 ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd ufpFkflnsfdf /xg] k|To]s j8fdf j8f cWoIf / rf/hgf ;b:ox¿ /x]sf] j8f ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 . To:tf]
j8f cWoIf / j8f ;b:osf] lgjf{rg klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g]5 .
 c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
 PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf g]kfnL gful/s ufpF ;efsf] ;b:osf] kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo x'g]5
@@#= gu/ ;efsf] u7g M k|To]s gu/kflnsfdf Ps gu/ ;ef /xg]5 .
 gu/ ;efdf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf / k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt rf/hgf ;b:o / blnt jf cNk;+Vos
;d'bfoaf6 lgjf{lrt gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
 gu/ ;efdf k|To]s j8faf6 sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 .;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd gu/kflnsfdf /xg] k|To]s j8fdf
j8f cWoIf / rf/hgf ;b:ox¿ /x]sf] j8f ;ldlt u7g x'g]5
 To:tf] j8f cWoIf / j8f ;b:osf] lgjf{rg klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g]5 .
 c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd dtbfg ug]{
clwsf/ x'g]5 .
 PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf g]kfnL gful/s gu/ ;efsf] ;b:osf] kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo x'g]5
efu–#! ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
@&$= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg M g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, :jfwLgtf / hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L of]
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g
efu–#@ ljljw
@&%=hgdt ;+u|x ;DaGwL Joj:yf M /fli6«o dxTjsf] s'g} ljifodf hgdt ;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ cfjZos 5 egL ;+3Lo ;+;bdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ;b:osf] ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o ePdf To:tf] ljifodf hgdt ;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o lng
;lsg]5 .
@&^= dfkmL M /fi6«kltn] s'g} cbfnt, Goflos jf cw{Goflos lgsfo jf k|zf;sLo kbflwsf/L jf lgsfon] u/]sf] ;hfonfO{ sfg"g
adf]lhd dfkmL, d'NtjL, kl/jt{g jf sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@*^= lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o / k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f
ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]] b]xfosf cWoIf / ;b:o /x]sf] Ps lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] ;]jflgj[Q GofofwLz –cWoIf
-v_ e"uf]nljb Ps hgf – ;b:o
-u_ ;dfhzf:qL jf dfgjzf:qL Ps hgf – ;b:o
-3_ k|zf;gljb jf sfg"gljb Ps hgf – ;b:o
-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t –;b:o ;lrj
 b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M–
-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], -u_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf d'Vo Joj:yf
 ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 lgld{t klxnf] ;+l3o ;+ljwfg
 cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] p7fg u/]sf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] d'2fnfO{ of] ;+ljwfgn] ;+:yfut u/]sf] 5 .
 /fHosf] PsfTds :j?knfO{ cGTo u/L ;+l3o nf]stflGqs u0ftflGQs zf;g Joj:yf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] .
 g]kfnnfO{ wd{ lg/k]If /fi6«sf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] .
 cfdf jf afa' b'j}sf] gfdaf6 n}ª\uLs klxrfg ;lxtsf] Psn gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] .
 o; ;+ljwfgn] ;fs{ ;b:o d'n's afx]ssf] gful/stf k|fKt JolQmnfO{ u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug{ /f]s nufPsf] 5 .
 g]kfnnfO{ & k|b]zsf] ;+l3o ;+/rgfdf ljefhg ul/Psf] . /fli6«o ;efnfO{ :yfoL ;bgsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] .
 /fi6«fWoIfsf] ?kdf /fi6«kltsf] Joj:yf, ;+;baf6 lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL sfo{sf/L k|d'v x'g] .
 k|b]zdf k|b]z ;+;baf6 lgjf{lrt d'Vo dGqL tyf /fi6«kltaf6 lgo'Qm k|b]z k|d'v x'g] .
 ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ?kdf /xg] lgsfosf] :ki6 ls6fg ul/Psf] h; cg';f/ !# j6f ;+j}wflgs lgsfo /xg] .
 s]Gbdf @ ;bgfTds / k|b]zdf ! ;bgfTds Joj:yflksf .
 ;+l3o ;+;b\sf] ;+o'Qm ;ldltdf a9Ldf @% hgf -k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6«o ;ef sf] %M! cg'kftdf_ /xg] Joj:yf .
 /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu **$ -##$, +%%)_ /x]sf] lgjf{rg d08n /xg] 5 .
 /fHosf tkm{af6 lbg] pkflw ;Ddfg / lje'if0f dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 k|bfg x'g] .
 /fi6«kltaf6 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df h'g;'s} cbfnt ljz]if cbfnt jf lgsfoaf6 ePsf ;hfonfO{ dfkmL, d' NtjL, kl/jt{g jf
sd ug{ ;lsg] .
 g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|lts /fi6«ktLnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] .
 jflnu dtfwLsf/sf] cfwf/df ;+l3o ;;bsf] u7g ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6 x'g] .
 ;+3 / k|b]z lar jf k|b]z – k|b]z larsf] ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf cGt/ k|fb]lzs kl/ifb\sf] u7g .
@#$= cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifb M

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 8 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 ;+3 / k|b]z aLr tyf k|b]z–k|b]z aLr pTkGg /fhgLlts ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifb /xg]5 M–
-s_ k|wfgdGqL – cWoIf
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf u[xdGqL –;b:o
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL–;b:o
-3_ ;DalGwt k|b]zsf d'VodGqL – ;b:o
 k|b]zsf] gfdfs/0f k|b]z ;+;bsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] ug{]
 ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] & lbgdf k|wfgdGqL, @) lbgdf ;efd'v / ! dlxgfdf /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ug{] ;+qmd0f sfnLg Joj:yf .
 g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx? g]kfnsf /fi6«efiff dflgPsf] .
 g]kfnsf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff b]jgfu/Ldf n]lvg] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ dflgPsf] .
 g]kfnsf] /fli6«o km'n nfnLu'/fF;, g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /ª\u l;ld|s, /fli6«o hgfj/ ufO{ / /fli6«o k+IfL 8fFkm] x'\g\ .
 g]kfnL gful/stf Tofu ul/ ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf lnPsf] JolQmn] k'g g]kfndf cfO % jif{ a;f]af; u/L ljb]zL d'n'ssf]
gful/stf Tofu u/]df h'g lsl;dsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] ;f]xL lsl;dsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug{] .
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] #! j6f df}lnsxssf] Joj:yf u/]sf] .
 k|Tos gful/snfO{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 cfwf/e't tx ;Ddsf] lzIff clgjfo{ tyf lgMz'Ns x'g] tyf dfWolds tx ;Ddsf] lzIff lgM
z'Ns kfpg] xssf] Joj:yf . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $% df s'g} klg gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnf ug{ g;lsg] Joj:yf .
 /fHon] cjnDag ug{] gLltnfO{ !# j6fdf ljefhg ul/Psf] .
 /fHosf] lgb{]zs l;4fGt lglt / bfloTj sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg g;lsg] Joj:yf .
 g]kfnsf /fi6«klt g]kfnsf /fi6«fWoIf ;fy} /fi6«klt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k/dfwLklt x'g] . ;+ljwfgsf] kfng / ;+/If0f ug'{ /fi6«kltsf] k|d'v
st{Jo xf] .
 /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg k|of]usf] nflu u7g x'g] lgjf{rg d08ndf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o / k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox? ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf
 ;+3Lo k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g @% jif{ / dtbftf x'g !* jif{ k'/f ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
 /fli6«o ;ef %( ;+;lbo x'g] . o;df k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o, ufpFkflnsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf tyf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v tyf pkk|d'v
/x]sf] lgjf{rs d08nn] lgjf{rg u/]sf] %^ ;b:o / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltåf/f dgf]lgt # hgf ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 .
 /fli6«o ;efsf] ;b:o lgjf{lrt x'g #% jif{ k'/f ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
 ;bgnfO{ ;'rgf glbO{ nuftf/ !) j6f a}7sdf cg'kl:yt ePdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm x'G5 .
 v; cfo{ eGgfn] a|fxd0f, If]qL, 7s'/L, ;Gof;L, bzgfdLnfO{ hgfpF5 .
 ;+;bsf] Pp6f clwj]z;gsf] ;dflKt / cj|mf] clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf aLrsf] cjlwsf] km/s 5 dlxgf eGbf a9L x'g' x'Fb}g . ;+3Lo
;+;bsf] clwj];gsf] cfJxfg / cGTo /fi6«kltn] ub{5g\ .
 ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff #) lbg eLq ;+l3o ;+;bsf] clwj]zg /fi6«kltn] cfXjfg
ug'{kb{5
 b'j} ;bgsf] u0fk'/s ;+Vof ;Dk'0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{ xf] .
 cy{ ljw]os ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] k|ltlglw ;efdf dfq k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 . s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os xf] xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df o;sf]
clGtd lg0f{o ;efd'vn] ug{] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
 k|ltlglw;efn] kfl/t u/L /fli6«o ;efdf k7fPsf] cy{ ljw]os /fli6«o ;efn] !% lbg leqdf k|ltlglw;efdf lkmtf{ k7fpg' k5{ . cy{
afx]s ljw]os k|ltlglw ;efn] kfl/t u/L /fli6«o ;efdf k7fPsf]df /fli6«o ;efn] @ dlxgf leq kfl/t ul/ jf ;'emfj ;lxt lkmtf{
ug'{k5{ . ljw]os k|:t'tstf{n] ;DalGwt ;bgsf] :jLs[ltdf ljw]os lkmtf{ lng ;S5 .
 cy{ ljw]os /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ePsf] !% lbg leqdf k|dfl0fs/0f ug'{kg{] . /fi6«kltaf6 hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z b'j} ;bgsf] a}7s
a;]sf] ;f7L lbg kl5 :jtM lgis[o x'G5 .
 cy{ dGqLn] /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg ;+3Lo ;+;bdf k|To]s jif{sf] h]7sf] !% ut] k]z ug'{k5{ . k'/s cg'dfg cy{ dGqLn]
k|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k]z ub{5g\ .
 dxfGoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm k|wfg dGqLsf] l;kmf/L;df /fi6«kltaf6 x'G5 . lghsf] kbfjlw k|wfg dGqLn] rfx]sf] cjlw ;Dd xf] .
 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ dxfGofolwjQmf xf] .
 k|b]z k|d'vn] /fi6«klt ;dIf ;ky lng' kb{5 . k|Tos k|b]zdf d'VodGqLsf] lgo'lQm k|b]z k|d'vn] ub{5 .
 k|b]zsf] d'VodGqL / dGqL n] k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf zky lng' kb{5 .
 ljw]os k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ePsf] slt lbg eLq /fi6«kltn] k|dfl0fs/0f ug'{ kb{5 < !% lbg leq — lkmtf{ ug'{
k/]df klg !% lbg leqdf lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
 k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nfuL /fi6«klt ;dIf jf k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]z ePsf] s'g ljw]os lkmtf{ ug{ kfO{b}g < cy{ ljw]os - k|dfl0fs/0f
ug}{kb{5_
 ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] nflu :yflgo txdf u7g x'g] GofoLs ;ldltsf] u7g s;/L x'G5 < ufpFkflnsf pkfWoIf / gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v
sf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b;Lo GofoLs ;ldlt
 ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] j8f ;ldltdf slt hgf x'G5g\ < % hgf
 jt{dfg ;+ljwfg cg';f/ ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] slt ;do leq efiff cfof]u u7g ug'{kg]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 < ! jif{ leq
 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|d'v pkk|d'v / ;b:osf] kbfjlw % jif{sf] x'G5 .
 s'g} k|b]lzs dlGqk/Lifb\ / k|b]z;ef lj36g ul/Psf]df #% lbg leq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
ax'dtaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' k5{ .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 9 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
 /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm ub{5g\ . d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm ;DaGwL d'VodGqLsf]
l;kmf/L;df k|b]z k|d'vaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
@^^= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb M
 g]kfnsf] ;du| /fli6«o lxt, ;'/Iff / k|lt/Iff ;DaGwL gLlt th'{df ug{ tyf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng jf lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu
g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /x]sf] Ps /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb /xg]5 M–
-s_ k|wfgdGqL – cWoIf
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /Iff dGqL – ;b:o
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] u[x dGqL – ;b:o
-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k//fi6« dGqL – ;b:o
-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{ dGqL – ;b:o
-r_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj – ;b:o
-5_ k|wfg ;]gfklt, g]kfnL ;]gf – ;b:o
 /Iff dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] ;b:o–;lrj eO{ sfd ug]{5 .
 /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbn] cfˆgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t ;+3Lo
;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg]5
 /fi6«kltn] dGqL kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg;]gfkltsf] lgo'lQm / kbd'lQm ub{5g\ .
 ;+s6sflng 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] ! dlxgf leq To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z cg'bdf]bgsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bg
;dIf k]z ug'{ kb{5 . ;+s6fsflng 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z hf/L To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z /fi6«kltn] h'g;'s} avt lkmtf{ lng ;S5 .
 ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljw]os /fi6«klt ;dIf k|dfl0fs/0fsf nflu k]; ePdf !% lbg leqdf k|df0fLs/0f ug'{ k5{ .
 /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] kb Ps ;fy l/Qm ePdf /fi6«kltaf6 ul/g] sfo{ k|ltlglw;efsf] ;efd'vaf6 ;Dkfbg x'G5 .
 ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\df cWoIf ;d]t ^ hgf ;b:o /xg] . o; kl/ifb\sf] ;lrj g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrj x'g] .
@*$= ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
 k|wfg GofofwLz / ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v / kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:o
/x]sf] Ps ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb /xg]5 M–
-s_ k|wfgdGqL–cWoIf
-v_ k|wfg GofofwLz–;b:o
-u_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v–;b:o
-3_ /fli6«o ;efsf] cWoIf–;b:o
-ª_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf –;b:o
-r_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] pk;efd'v–;b:o
 k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/; ubf{ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL ;b:osf] ¿kdf /xg]5 .
 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] ;lrj eO{ sfd ug{]5 .
 ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] kbdf lgo'lQm kfpgsf] nflu hGdsf] cfwf/df jf j}jflxs c+lus[t gfu/Lstf k|fKt u/L slDtdf jif{ ;Dd
g]kfndf j;f]jf; u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 < % jif{ ;Dd
 g]kfnsf] c+lus[t gful/stf k|fKt ePsf] JolQm slDtdf slt jif{ ;Dd g]kfndf j;f]jf; u/]sf] ePdf ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] kbdf
lgo'lQm kfpg of]Uo dflgG5 < slDtdf !) jif{
 ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] k|d'v tyf kbflwsf/Lx? sf] k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g' kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 < ;+3Lo ;+;b k|lt
cg';"rL–$ k|b]z / ;DalGwt k|b]zdf /xg] lhNnfx¿
 k|b]z g+= ! tfKn]h'ª kfFry/ Onfd ;+v'jf;ef t]x|y'd wgs'6f ef]hk'/ vf]6fª ;f]n'v'Da' cf]vn9'+uf pbok'/ emfkf df]/ª
;'g;/L
 k|b]z g+= @ ;Kt/L l;/fxf wg'iff dxf]Q/L ;nf{xL /f}tx6 af/f k;f{
 k|b]z g+= # bf]nvf /fd]5fk l;Gw'nL sfe|]knf~rf]s l;Gw'kfNrf]s /;'jf g'jfsf]6 wflbª lrtjg dsjfgk'/ eQmk'/ nlntk'/
sf7df8f}+
 k|b]z g+= $ uf]/vf ndh'ª tgx'F sf:sL dgfª d':tfª kj{t :ofªhf DofUbL afUn'ª gjnk'/
 k|b]z g+= % k/f;L ¿kGb]xL slkna:t' kfNkf c3f{vfFrL u'NdL ?s'd -k"jL{ efu_ /f]Nkf Ko"7fg bfª afFs] alb{of
 k|b]z g+= ^ ?s'd -klZrd efu_ ;Nofg 8f]Nkf h'Dnf d'u' x'Dnf sflnsf]6 hfh/sf]6 bn}v ;'v{]t
 k|b]z g+= & afh'/f aemfª 8f]6L c5fd bfr{'nf a}t8L 88]Nw'/f s~rgk'/ s}nfnL

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 10 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 11 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIff M nf]s;]jf, ;+:yfg, a}lsª, ;'/Iff
cg';"rL–%
;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL -#%_
 /Iff / ;]gf ;DaGwL, o'4 / k|lt/Iff, xftxltof/, v/vhfgf sf/vfgf tyf pTkfbg ;DaGwL
 b"/;~rf/, /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] afF8kmfF8, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg / x'nfs, ;'/lIft 5fkfvfgf
 gful/stf, /fxbfgL, le;f, cWofudg, cf0fljs pmhf{, jfo'd08n / cGtl/If ;DaGwL
 af}l4s ;DklQ -k]6]G6, l8hfOg, 6]«8dfs{ / k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ;d]t_, gfk–tf}n, vfgL pTvgg
 e"pkof]u gLlt, a:tL ljsf; gLlt, ko{6g gLlt, jftfj/0f cg's"ng, kmf}hbf/L, b]jfgL sfg"gsf] lgdf{0 f
 s]Gb|Lo of]hgf, s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt, d'b|f / a}+lsª\u, df}lb|s gLlt, ljb]zL cg'bfg, ;xof]u / C0f
cg';"rL–^
k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL -@!_
 k|b]z k|x/L k|zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iff, /]l8of], Pkm= Pd, 6]lnlehg ;~rfng
 e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf] clen]v, vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg
 efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, nlntsnf / wd{sf] ;+/If0f / k|of]u
 u'7L Joj:yfkg, pRr lzIff, k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno
 g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] gLlt cg'?k ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;~rfng, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, s]Gb|sf] ;xdltdf j}b]lzs cg'bfg / ;xof]u
cg';"rL–&
;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL -@%_
 kfl/jfl/s dfldnf -ljjfx, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f, ;DaGw ljR5]b, 6'x'/f, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL pQ/flwsf/ / ;+o'Qm kl/jf/_ ;DaGwL
sfg"g
 ;DklQ k|flKt, clwu|x0f / clwsf/sf] ;[hgf, 6f6 kN6]sf] / bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL, cf}iflw / ljifflb
 s/f/, ;xsf/L, ;fem]bf/L / Ph]G;L ;DaGwL
 of]hgf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg / hg;+Vof Joj:yfkg, Sofl;gf], lr7\7f
cg';"rL–*
-:yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL -@@_
 gu/ k|x/L, ;xsf/L ;+:yf,Pkm=Pd ;~rfng, ;xsf/L ;+:yf
 cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIff, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO , a]/f]huf/sf] tYof+s ;+sng
 vfg]kfgL, ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgf, j}slNks pmhf{, ljkb Joj:yfkg
cg';"rL–(
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;femf ;"rL -!%_
 ;xsf/L, lzIff, v]ns"b / kqklqsf, :jf:Yo,s[lif, ljB't, vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO h:tf ;]jfx¿
 vfgL tyf vlgh, ljkb Joj:yfkg , ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / u/LaL lgjf/0f, JolQmut 36gf, hGd, d[To', ljjfx / tYof+s
 k'/ftTj, k|frLg :df/s / ;+u|xfno, ;'s'Daf;L Joj:yfkg, k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L, ;jf/L ;fwg cg'dlt

;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cfld{ n]vf clws[t, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 12 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5g .
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
!)= j+z, j+zf0f', qmd ljsf; ,
Gopi Chandra Poudel ( M. Sc. M. Ed )
qmd ljsf;
k[YjLdf /x]sf ljleGg hLjx¿ oxL ¿kdf pTklQ ePsf xf]Ogg, oL hLjsf] ljsf; Ps}k6s geO{ qmlds?kdf t ;/n hLjaf6
qmdzM ljsf; x'Fb} jt{dfg cj:yf;Dd cfOk'u]sf x'g eGg] l;4fGtnfO{ qmd ljsf;sf] l;4fGt elgG5 . hLjx?sf] ljsf; qmdsf]
cWoog kq] r6\6fgdf kfOg] cjz]ifsf] cWoogaf6 ul/G5 . hLjfjz]if ;DalGw cWoog ug{] lj1fgnfO{ Kofn]G6f]nf]hL (Paleontology)
elgG5 . hLjfjz]ifdf /x]sf] sfj{g tTj / o;sf] cfO;f]6kx?sf] cWoog u/L cjz]ifsf] cfo' lgwf{/0f ul/G5, o; ljlwnfO{ sfj{g
8]l6ª\u (Carbon dateing) elgG5 .
dflg;sf] qmd ljsf;
;a}eGbf klxn] ;d'b|df Ps sf]ifLo hLjsf] pTklt→ ax'sf]ifLo hLj → tGt', c+u k|0ffnL ePsf hLj→9f8 gePsf hLj→9f8
ePsf hLj→#@ s/f]8 jif{ klxnf] df5fsf] pTklt→!( s/f]8 jif{ klxn] k+IfL→!^ s/f]8 jif{ klxn] :tgwf/L→ ! s/f]8 %) nfv
jif{ klxn] – klxnf] dfgj → k|f]lKnof]lky]s; → /fdflky]s; → ci6«]nf]lky]s; → xf]df]O/]S6; → lgof08f/yn → xf]df]
:yflkoG; -xfnsf] dflg;_ .
;a}eGbf k|frLg dfgjk"j{hsf] ?kdf Ps s/f]8 %) nfv aif{ cl3sf] dflgPsf] s]Gofdf k|fKt Propliopithecus nfO{ dflgG5 .
dfgjsf] ;a}eGbf k|frLg ?k /fdflky]s; xf] .
g]kfnsf] a'6jnsf] ltgfp vf]nfsf] 5]pdf ! s/f]8 !) nfv aif{ k'/fgf] /fdflky]s;sf] a+uf/fsf] vf]h 8f= h]=Pr=xflr;g
lj=;+=@)#& df u/]sf lyP . /]d08 P= 8f6{n] blIf0f clk|msfdf km]nf kf/]sf] Pp6f afnssf] vKk/nfO{ ci6«]nf]lky]s; gfdfs/0f u/]sf]
lyP . km|fG;sf] d':t]/ eGg] 7fpFdf kfOPsf cjif]znfO{ d':t]/ dfgj elgG5 .
cfheGbf sl/a @%÷#) xhf/ aif{ cufl8sf] xf]d];]lko] dfgjsf cjif]zx? cd]l/sf, clk|msf, ci6]«lnof, o'/f]kdf kfOPsf] 5 . 3/kfn'jf
hgfj/sf] ?kdf s's'/ kfNg] klxnf] dfgj xf]df];]lko] g} xf] .
Ths Siwalik (Churia) belt of Dang is the same belt, where the fossilized form of the early human ancestors, the
Ramapithecus was found at the Butwal Siwalik Range. A fossil of Ramapithecus were found in a place near
Butwal, Lumbini Zone of Western Nepal in December 1980. It was discovered by Dr J.H. Hutchinson, [Link]
and L.S.B. Leakey. The Ramapithecus has been studies from the piont of view of the development of Hominid and
it has been proved that the Ramapithecus is the first in this chain, which existed about 14 million to 8 million years
ago. Robert [Link] first undertook the geological study of Dang valley from the American museum and teh
Department of Mines of HMG, Nepal in 1976.
n]dfs{sf] l;4fGt
qmdljsf;sf] l;4fGt ;j{k|yd k|ltkfbg ug]{ j}1flgs n]dfs{ x'g\ . pgn] klxn]sf hLjx¿ lj:tf/} ljsl;t x'Fb} uP/ xfnsf] hLjx¿sf]
pTklQ ePsf] xf] eGg] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ .
n]dfs{sf] l;4fGt cg';f/,
! hLj dfly jftfj/0fLo k|efj
@ c+usf] pkof]u / cg'kof]u
# cflh{t u'0fsf] x:tfGt/0f
8fla{gsf] l;4fGt
qmd ljsf;sf ljleGg l;4fGtx¿ dWo] 8flj{gsf] l;4fGt Ps k|d'v l;4fGt xf] . 8fla{gsf] l;4fGtnfO{ k|fs[lts 5gf]6sf] l;4fGt jf
8flj{gsf] ljsf;jfb klg elgG5 . pgsf] l;4fGtsf k|d'v a'Fbfx¿ o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ .
!= k|To]s hLjdf k|z:t ;Gtfg pTkfbg Ifdtf eP klg hLjsf] hg;+Vof em08} oyfjt\ /xG5 .
@ afFRgsf] nflu ;+3if{ ug'{'kb{5 . hLjsf] ;+3if{ vfgf, jf;:yfg / k|hggsf nflu x'G5 .
#= ;Ifd g} afFRg ;Sb5g\ M hLjn] afFRgsf] nflu vfgf, zq'af6 aRg, /f]u lj?4 n8\g jftfj/0f cg's"n x'g ;Sg'kb{5 . o;
k|lqmofdf ;kmn x'g]x¿ cfkm\gf] cl:tTj /Iff ub{5g\ / afFRg ;kmn x'G5g\ .
$= k|fs[lts 5gf]6M k|s[ltn] ;do cg's'n ljsl;t hLjnfO{ dfq afFRg ;Ifd t'NofpF5 . h'g hLj ;do cg's"n ljsf; x'g
;Sb}gg\, ltgLx¿ nf]k x'Fb} hfG5g\ . s'g hLj afFRg] / s'g hLj nf]k x'g] eGg] s'/f k|s[ltn] g} lgwf{/0f ub{5 .
%= kl/j[lQ / j+zh M kl/j[lQ eg]]sf] Pp6} k|hfltsf] aLrsf /x]sf] km/skg xf] . j+zf0f'ut u'0f / jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf sf/0fn]
hLjdf kl/j[lQ NofpF5 h'g gofF ;Gtltdf ;b}{ hfG5 . k"j{haf6 gofF ;GttLdf ;g]{ u'0fx¿ g} j+zhsf u'0fx¿ x'g\ .
^= gofF hfltsf] pTklQ M hLjn] kl/j[lQaf6 k|fKt u/]sf u'0fx¿ k|To]s ;Gtltdf x:tfGt/0f x'Fb} hfFbf cGTodf k"vf{eGbf km/s
k|hflt b]vfkb{5 / gofF hfltsf] pTklQ x'G5 .
qmd ljsf; l;4fGtsf k|df0fx¿
!= cjz]ifaf6 k|fKt k|df0f M klxn]sf hLjx¿ d/]/ ;8]/ k[YjLd'lg r§fgsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] afFsL cj:yf g} cjz]if x'g . oL
cjz]ifsf] cWoogn] qmdljsf;sf] l;4fGtnfO{ k'li6 ub{5g\ .
@= t'ngfTds z/L/ /rgfaf6 k|fKt k|df0fM ljleGg hLjsf] zf/Ll/s agfj6sf] cWoog ubf{ kfOg] ;dfgtfaf6 hLjsf] ;[li6 Pp6}
;/n k"j{haf6 qmdzM ljsf; x'Fb} cfPsf] k'li6 x'G5 . cfsf/ / pTklQ Pj+ cfGtl/s ;+/rgf ;dfg t/ a]Unfa]Un} sfd ug]{
c+unfO{ ;hflto c+u (Homologus Organs) elgG5 .
#= e'|0f ;DaGwL k|df0fM ljleGg hLjsf] e'|0fsf] cWoog ubf{ kfOg] ;dfgtfaf6 k|fKt k|df0f .
$= cjz]iffËfaf6 k|fKt k|df0fM sltko hLjdf sfod /x]sf t/ s'g} ljz]if sfo{ gePsf c+ux¿nfO{ cjz]iffË elgG5 . w]/} klxn]sf]
k"j{hdf /x]sf o:tf c+ux¿ lqmofzLn lyP t/ xfn lqmofzLn geP/ klg pkl:yt 5g\ . k"j{hdf lqmoflzn t/ clxn] n'Kt
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 1 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
Pj+ lqmofxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf c+ux?nfO{ cjz]iff+u (Vestigeal Organ) elgG5 . h:t}M dflg;df x'g] Pk]l08S;, z/L/sf /f}
cflb .
%= ef}uf]lns ljt/0f M ef}uf]lns ljt/0faf6 Pp6} k"vf{af6 ag]sf ;Gtlt :yfg cg';f/ km/s x'Fb} uPsf] k|df0f k|fKt x'G5.
^= b'O{ ju{ aLrsf] hgfj/af6 k|fKt k|df0fM s'g} hLjx¿ b'O{ ju{sf u'0fx¿ af]s]/ /x]sf x'G5g\ g ltgLx¿nfO{ tNnf] ju{df /fVg
;lsG5 g dflyNnf] ju{df . h:t}M Kn]6Lk; eGg] hGt' km'n kfb{5 t/ aRrfnfO{ b'w r';fpF5 . To;}n] r/f / :tgwf/L aLrdf
kg]{ o:tf] hLjn] klg qmd ljsf;sf] l;4fGtnfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . jlu{s/0fsf b'O{ ;d"xx?sf] ;femf u'0f b]vfpFg] hLjx?nfO{ a|Lh
Plgdn (Bridge Animal) elgG5 .
j+zf0f'
j+zhsf af/]df cWoog ug]{ lj1fgnfO{ hgg\ lj1fg (Genetics) elgG5 . cli6«ofsf kfb/L u|]u/ d]08n (1822 –1884) nfO{
j+zh lj1fg (Genetics) sf lktf elgG5 . hLjsf] sf]ifsf] Go"lSno;df /x]sf] qmf]df]hf]d leq /xg] ;"Id tTj h;n] k'vf{sf
u'0fx¿ gofF ;GttLdf x:tfGt/0f ub{5g To;nfO{ j+zf0f' elgG5 . j+zf0f' l8=Pg=P= af6 ag]sf] x'G5 .j+zf0f'sf] df}lns agfj6 / sfo{
af/] vf]hL ug{ hLg DoflkË k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
j+zf0f'ut u'0fx¿
cfdfjfj'jf6 gofF ;GttLdf ;g{ ;Sg] u'0fx¿nfO{ j+zf0f'ut u'0fx¿ elgG5 .
hGdf]Q/ nIf0f
cfdfjfj'jf6 k|fKt gePsf t/ hLjn] cfˆgf] hLjgsfndf cfh{g u/]sf u'0fnfO{ hGdf]Q/ nIf0f elgG5 .
d]08nsf] k|of]u
hLjx¿sf ;Gtfgx¿df j+zf0f'ut u'0fx¿ s;/L ;b{} hfG5g\ elg d]08nn] km/s u'0f ePsf s]/fpsf lj?jf aLr u/]sf k|of]unfO{
d]08nsf] k|of]u elgG5 . pgLn] b'O{ km/s u'0f aLr qm; k/fu;]rg u/fO klxnf] gtLhf k|fKt u/] eg] ;f] k|s[ ofjf6 pTkflbt lj?jf
aLr k'g :jk/fu;]rg u/L bf]>|f] j+zsf] gtLhf k|fKt u/] . To;}u/L b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf km/s u'0fsf] aLrdf s:tf] glthf k|fKt x'G5 egL
Ps} ;fy k|of]u u/] / k|To]s u'0f :jtGq ¿kn] ;b{5 eGg] k'li6 u/] .
d]08nn] cfkm\gf] k|of]usf nflu s]/fpsf lj?jf g} 5fGg'sf] sf/0fx¿
1. s]/fpsf] lj?jfdf ljleGg k|sf/sf u'0fx¿ kfOg' ,
2. s]/fpsf] hLjg rqm 5f]6f] x'g' ,
3. s]/fpsf] km'n peO{lnËL ePsf]n] :j k|hgg x'g ;Sg' .
4. cfjZostf cg';f/ k/k|hgg u/fpg ;lsg' .
5. s]/fpjf6 Ps} k6s w]/} ;GttL pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg' cflb .
d]08nn] cfˆgf] k|of]usf nflu s]/fpsf lj?jfsf lgDg lnlvt ;ftj6f nIf0fx¿ 5fg]sf lyP .
1. lj?jfsf] prfO — cUnf (T) / xf]rf (t)
2. km"nsf] :yfg — sfkdf (A) / 6'Kkf] (a)
3. sf];fsf] /Ë — xl/of] (G) / kFx]nf] (g)
4. sf];fsf] cfsf/ — k'i6 (I) / v'lDrPsf] (i)
5. ljpsf] cfsf/ — uf]nf](R) / rfpl/Psf] (i)
6. km"nsf] /Ë — v}/f] (B) / ;]tf] (b)
7. ljpsf] /Ë — kFx]nf (Y) / xl/of] (y)
d]08nsf] lgodx¿
1. k|jntfsf] lgod
2. n}+lus z'4tfsf] lgod
3. :jtGqtfsf] lgod
! k|jntfsf] lgod
d]08nsf] k|jntfsf] lgod cg';f/ Pp6f km/s–km/s z'4 u'0f ePsf hLjx¿sf aLr k/k|hgg u/fpFbf klxnf] j+zdf Pp6f u'0f dfq
b]vf kb{5 / csf{] u'0f n'Kt /xG5 o;}nfO{ k|jntfsf] lgod elgG5 . klxnf] j+zdf b]vfkg{] u'0fnfO{ k|jn u'0f / bljP/ /x]sf] u'0fnfO{
n'Kt u'0f elgG5 . h:t} M cUnf] / xf]rf] s]/fpaLr k/k/fu;]rg u/fpFbf klxnf] j+zdf ;j} cUnf s]/fp b]lvg' k|jn u'0f xf] eg] xf]r f
gb]lvg' n'Kt u'0f xf] .
k|jn u'0f / n'Kt jf blaPsf] u'0f
k|To]s hLjx¿df :jtGq¿kdf /x]sf s]lx JolQmut u'0fx¿ x'G5g h'g Ps j+zjf6 csf{] j+zdf ;b{} hfG5g\ . oL km/s u'0f ePsf b'O{
dftflktf aLr k/ k|hgg u/fpFbf klxnf] j+zdf Pp6f u'0f b]vfkb{5 eg] csf{] u'0f bljP/ /xG5 . h'g u'0f b]vfkb{5 To;nfO{ k|jn
u'0f / h'g u'0f b]vfkb{}g To;nfO{ n'Kt u'0f elgG5 . h:t}M sfnf] d';f/ ;]tf] d';faLr k/k|hgg u/fpFbf klxnf] j+zdf ;j} sfnf]
b]lvg' k|jn u'0f xf] eg] ;]tf] gb]lvg' n'Kt u'0f xf] .
dgf]xfOlj|8 qm; / 8fOxfOlj|8qm;
Pp6fdfq km/s u'0f ePsf] hLjx¿ aLr k/k|hgg u/fpg] k|s[ofnfO{ dgf]xfOlj|8 qm; elgG5 . h:t} M sfnf] / ;]tf] d';faLr ul/g]
k|hgg . b'O{j6f km/s km/s u'0f ePsf hLjx¿aLr ul/g] k/k|hggnfO{ 8fOxfOlj|8 qm; elgG5 . h:t} M kFx]nf] uf]nf] jLp / xl/of]
rfpl/Psf] jLp ePsf] s]/fp aLr ul/g] k/k/fu;]rg .
l7dfxf
b'O{ km/s u'0fx¿ ePsf] Pp6} k|hfltsf hLjx¿sf] ;+of]ujf6 pTkGg ePsf] hLjnfO{ l7dfxf elgG5 . h:t} M cUnf] / xf]rf] s]/fpjf6
lg:s]sf] klxnf] j+zsf] cUnf] s]/fp l7dfxfdf Pp6f u'0fdfq b]vfk/] klg dftflktf b'j}sf u'0fx¿ /x]sf x'G5g\ .
sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 2 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
lkmgf]6fOk / lhgf]6fOk
hLjsf] aflx/L ¿kdf aflx/jf6 b]vfkg{] u'0fnfO{ lkmgf]6fOk elgG5 . s'g} klg hLjsf] agfj6 cg';f/sf] u'0fnfO{ lhgf]6fOk elgG5 .
h:t} M cUnf] (TT) / xf]rf] (tt) s]/fpaLr k/k/fu;]rg u/fpFbf klxnf] j+zdf b]vfkg{] ;j} cUnf] s]/fp (Tt) aflx/jf6 x]bf{ cUnf]
b]]lvg' lkmgf]6fOk u'0f xf] eg] To;sf] hLgsf] agfj6 l7dfxf (Tt) /xg'
lhgf]6fOk xf] .
@ n}l·s z'4tfsf] lgod
s'g} klg cfdf / jfj'df ePsf b'O{ leGgfleGg} hLg -j+zf0f'_x¿
ltgLx¿sf] ;Gtfgdf ;b{5g / cGo;Fu ;Dks{ geP;Dd cfˆgf]
df}lnstf gu'dfO oyfjt /x]sf x'G5g h'g Uofd]6 jGg] k|s[ofdf Ps
cfk;df gld;Lsg 5'§LP/ uO{ km/s Uofd]6df km/s km/s u'0f /xg
k'U5g\ h;jf6 k|To]s Uofd]6 z'4 /xg k'Ub5 cyf{t Pp6f dfq u'0f
jf]s]sf] Uofd]6 k}bf x'G5, k|jn of n'Kt . o;}nfO{ n}lËs z'4tfsf] lgod
elgG5 . d]08nn] z'4 cUnf] / z'4 xf]rf] s]/fp aLr k/k/fu;]rg
u/fpFbf klxnf] j+zdf ;j} cUnf] s]/fp kfOP / o;/L kfOPsf klxnf]
j+zsf cUnf s]/fpdf :j;]rg u/fpFbf bf];|f] j+zdf tLg efu cUnf /
Ps efu xf]rf s]/fpx¿ kfOof] . tLg efu cUnf dWo] Ps efu z'4
cUnf, b'O{ efu l7dfxf cUnf b]vfk/] . o;/L klxnf] j+zdf ;j} cUnf
b]lvP klg kl5Nnf j+zdf b'j} u'0f b]vfkg{' jf6 tL u'0fx¿ Ps cfk;df
5\of;ld; geO{ Uofd]6 jGg] k|s[ofdf z'4 ¿kn] g} x:tfGt/0f x'Fb}
hfG5g\ eGg] j'l´G5 .
# :jtGqtf u'0f k|;f/0fsf] lgod (Law of Independent Assortment)
ljleGg km/s u'0f ePsf dftflktf aLr qm; u/fpFbf aGg] ;GttLx¿df tL km/s u'0fx¿
:jtGq ¿kn] ;b{5g\ cyf{t\ tL u'0fx¿ ;bf{ Pp6f u'0fn] csf]{ u'0fsf] ;/fOnfO{ c;/ kfb}{g,
o;}nfO{ :jtGqtfsf] lgod elgG5 . d]08nsf] :jtGq u'0f k|;f/0fsf] lgodnfO{ k'li6 ug{ b'O{
jf b'O{ eGbf km/s u'0f jLr k/k|hgg ug{'kb{5 . b'O{ b'O{ km/s u'0fjLr ul/g] k/k|hggnfO{
8fOxfOj|L8 s|; / b'O{eGbf a9L km/s u'0faLr ul/g] s|;nfO{ kf]nLxfOj|L8 s|; elgG5 .
d]08nn] :jtGq u'0f k|;f/0fsf] lgod k'li6 ug{ 8fOxflj|8 s|; u/]sf lyP .
uf]nf] k+x]nf] —9
uf]nf] xl/of] —3 [Link]
rfp/LPsf] k+x]nf] —3
rfp/LPsf] xl/of] —1
T H Morgan n] d]08nsf] lgodsf] k|of]u 8«f];f]lkmnf eGg] lemFufdf u/]sf lyP .
kl/j[lt
o; ;+;f/df /x]sf Pp6} k|hftLsf hLjx¿ aLrdf klg s]xL g s]xL km/skgf /x]sf] x'G5 . Pp6} cfdfjfj'jf6 hGd]sf ;GttLx¿df
klg s]lxg s]xL km/skgf kfOG5 h;sf sf/0f ltgLx¿ Ps csf{df km/s b]lvG5g , o;}nfO{ kl/j[lt elgG5 . kl/j[ltnfO{ d"Vo b'O{
efudf jfF8\g ;lsG5 .
!= j+zf0f'ut kl/j[lt M Ps j+zjf6 csf{] j+zdf j+zf0f'jf6 ;b{} uPsf] kl/j[ltnfO{ j+zf0f'ut kl/j[lQ elgG5 .
@= jftfj/0fLo kl/j[lQ M j+zf0f'ut ¿kn] Ps}k|sf/sf hLjx¿ klg km/s jftfj/0fdf x's{b} hfFbf b]lvg] ljleGgtfnfO{ jftfj/0fLo
kl/j[lQ elgG5.
pTkl/jt{g
k"j{hjf6 ;/]/ gcfPsf] t/ gofF ;GttLdf cs:dft b]vfkg{] gofF u'0fnfO{ pTkl/jt{g elgG5 . h:t} M s'g} dflg;sf] xftsf] cf}Fnfsf]
;+Vof j9L x'g' .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 3 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 Columbia Academy, New Baneshwor, Ktm. Ph:4784657 tof/L sIffM nf]s;]jf, lzIfs ;]jf, a}lsª, ;'/Iff tof/L sIff
DNA sf] agfj6 RNA sf] agfj6

DNA RNA
 DNA qmf]df]hf]ddf kfOG5 .  RNA d"Vo ;fO6f]KnfHddf kfOG5 .
 DNA df b'O{j6f TofGb|fx¿ x'G5g\ .  RNA df Pp6f dfq TofGb«f x'G5 .
 o;n] k|f]6Lg ;+Zn]if0fdf efu lnG5 .
 o;n] j+zf0f'ut u'0fx¿ ;fg{] sfd u5{ .  of] /fOjf]h ;'u/jf6 jg]sf] x'G5 .
 of] l8cS;L/fOjf]h ;'u/jf6 jg]sf] x'G5 .  o;df gfO6«f]hg a]; rf/ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ M
 o;df gfO6«f]hg a]; rf/ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ M  gfO6«f]hg a];df Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine /
 Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. Uracil x'G5 .
 Adenine n] Thymine ;Fu / Guanine n]
Cytonine ;Fu hf]8L agfpF5 .
gfO6«f]hg a];sf] qmd km/s km/s x'g] ePsfn] ljleGg hfltsf hLjx? tyf Pp6} hfltsf hLjx? aLrdf leGgtf cfpF5 .

sf]nlDaof tof/L sIff M zfvf clws[t, gf=;'=, vl/bf/, OG:k]S6/, c;O, clws[t Sof8]6, cg';Gwfg, NBL, NRB, ADBL, RBB 4 gofF sIffM wdfwd x'b}5.
 प्रहरी सं गठन सम्बन्धी जानकारी
(अ) नेपाल प्रहरीका कार्ाालर्हरु र कार्ाालर् प्रमुख :
दे हार्का प्रहरी कार्ाालर्हरूमा दे हार्का कार्ाालर् प्रमुखहरू रहनेछन् :–
(क) प्रहरी प्रधान कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी महाननरीक्षक
(ख) राष्ट्रिर् प्रहरी प्रशिक्षण प्रनिष्ठान – कार्ाकारी ननदे िक (प्रहरी अनिररक्त महाननरीक्षक)
(ग) महानगरीर् प्रहरी कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी आर्ुक्त (प्रहरी अनिररक्त महाननरीक्षक)
(घ) नेपाल प्रहरी अस्पिाल – मेनिकल िाइरे क्टर (प्रहरी अनिररक्त महाननरीक्षक)
(ङ) प्रदे ि प्रहरी कार्ाालर् –प्रहरी नार्ब महाननरीक्षक
(च) महानगरीर् प्रहरी ष्ट्रिमानस्थल सुरक्षा कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी नार्ि महाननरीक्षक/ प्रहरी िररष्ठ उपरीक्षक
(छ) लागूऔषध ननर्न्रण व्र्ूरो – प्रहरी नार्ब महाननरीक्षक
(ज) महानगरीर् ट्राष्ट्रिक प्रहरी महािाखा – प्रहरी िररष्ठ उपरीक्षक
(झ) केन्दीर् अनुसन्धान व्र्ूरो – प्रहरी नार्ब महाननरीक्षक
(ञ) ष्ट्रििेष व्र्ूरो – प्रहरी नार्ब महाननरीक्षक
(ट) अपराध अनुसन्धान ष्ट्रिद्यालर् – प्रहरी नार्ब महाननरीक्षक
(ठ) सं शघर् प्रहरी इकाइा कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी िररष्ठ उपरीक्षक
(ि) महानगरीर् अपराध महािाखा - प्रहरी िररष्ठ उपरीक्षक
(ढ) महानगरीर् प्रहरी पररसर – प्रहरी िररष्ठ उपरीक्षक
(ण) महानगरीर् प्रहरी शिक्षालर् – समादे िक (प्रहरी उपरीक्षक)
(ि) सिस्त्र प्रहरी गण – गण प्रमुख (प्रहरी उपरीक्षक )
(थ) सिस्त्र प्रहरी िानलम केन्र – समादे िक (प्रहरी उपरीक्षक)
(द) प्रहरी पहरा गण – गण प्रमुख (प्रहरी उपरीक्षक)
(ध) शजल्ला प्रहरी कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी उपरीक्षक िा प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक
(न) दङ्गा ननर्न्रण प्रहरी गण – गण प्रमुख (प्रहरी उपरीक्षक)
(प) प्रदे ि प्रहरी अस्पिाल – प्रहरी उपरीक्षक/प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक/प्रहरी ननरीक्षक
(ि) प्रदे ि प्रहरी िानलम केन्र – समादे िक (प्रहरी िररष्ठ उपरीक्षक)
(ब) केन्रीर् प्रहरी ष्ट्रिनध ष्ट्रिज्ञान प्रर्ोगिाला प्रहरी नार्ब महाननरीक्षक÷प्रहरी िररष्ठ उपरीक्षक
(भ) महानगरीर् ट्राष्ट्रिक प्रहरी पररसर – प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक
(म) महानगरीर् पर्ाटक प्रहरी – प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक
(र्) केन्रीर् प्रहरी सङ्गीि ष्ट्रिद्यालर् – प्रहरी उपरीक्षक/प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक
(र) महानगरीर् नगर प्रहरी कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी उपरीक्षक िा प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक
(ल) महानगरीर् प्रहरी िृत्त – प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक
(ि) ट्राष्ट्रिक प्रहरी कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक/प्रहरी ननरीक्षक/प्रहरी नार्ब ननरीक्षक
(ि) ष्ट्रिमानस्थल सुरक्षा गािा – प्रहरी नार्ब उपरीक्षक/प्रहरी ननरीक्षक/प्रहरी नार्ब ननरीक्षक
(ष) महानगरीर् ट्राष्ट्रिक प्रहरी िृत्त – प्रहरी ननरीक्षक
(स) महानगरीर् सामुदाष्ट्रर्क प्रहरी – प्रहरी ननरीक्षक
(ह) सिस्त्र प्रहरी गुल्म – गुल्म प्रमुख (प्रहरी ननरीक्षक)
(क्ष) इलाका प्रहरी कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी नार्ि उपररक्षक÷प्रहरी ननरीक्षक÷ प्रहरी नार्ि ननरीक्षक
(र) ििा प्रहरी कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी ननरीक्षक÷प्रहरी नार्ि ननरीक्षक
(ज्ञ) महानगरीर् प्रहरी प्रभाग – प्रहरी ननरीक्षक
(ज्ञक) नगर प्रहरी कार्ाालर् – प्रहरी ननरीक्षक
(ज्ञख) सिस्त्र प्रहरी सेनामुख – प्रहरी नार्ब ननरीक्षक
(ज्ञग) प्रहरी चौकी – प्रहरी नार्ब ननरीक्षक/प्रहरी सहार्क ननरीक्षक
ँ सम्बशन्धि महत्िपूणा नमनिहरु
(आ) नेपाल प्रहरीको ष्ट्रिकास क्रमसग
सन् १८२९ मा Sir Robert Peel िेलार्ि (Scotland) र्ािा नामको प्रहरी स्थापना गरे का नथए ।उनलाइा Father of Modern Police पनन
भननन्छ।
१. नेपालको सन्दभामा प्रहरीको ष्ट्रिकासक्रम
(क) प्राशचन स्िरुप: नलच्छष्ट्रि कालदे शख जङ्गबहादुर राणाको उदर्पूि ा
 राजानै िासन व्र्िस्थाको सिेसिाा ।
 प्रिासननक पदहरु जस्िै राजा¸ सिादण्िनार्क¸ दण्िनार्क¸ महाप्रनिहार¸ महासामान्ि¸ अन्िरासन¸ परमासन¸ द्वारे ¸ द्वारीका¸ अनधकरण¸
िुल्ली¸ महानधकरण¸ नौनसन्दा¸ मुन्सी¸ गौशल्मक¸ ष्ट्रिषर्पनि¸ कोटमर्ाादा¸ कोििाला¸ उमराि¸ चाटचाट जस्िा पदहरुबाट न्र्ाष्ट्रर्क
प्रिासननक िथा प्रहरी कार्ा सम्पादन ।
 सिादण्िनार्क राजापनछको िशक्तिाली पद –िाशन्ि सुरक्षा कर उठाउने मुख्र् काम ।
 मल्लकालमा प्रहरी कार्ा गने व्र्शक्त – ननरीक्षक ।
 मल्लकालमा नगरको सुरक्षा कोटिालले र गाउँको सुरक्षा द्वारे द्वारा गने व्र्िस्था । चौष्ट्रकदार¸ महाने र नसपाहीले समाजलाइा
धमानीनिमा ष्ट्रहँिाउने व्र्िस्था ।
 एकीकरणपूि ा प्रहरीलाइा दरोगा भन्ने गरे को पाइएको ।
 एकीकरणको समर्मा िाशन्ि सुरक्षाको कार्ा सेनाबाट नै गने गररएको ।
(ख) मध्र्कालीन स्िरुप (जङ्गबहादुरको उदर्दे शख २०१२ सम्म)
 जङ्गबहादुरको उदर् पश्चाि् प्रिासननक सुधार िथा िाशन्ि सुरक्षामा सुधार ।
 जङ्गबहादुरले सबै नागररकले पालना गनुप
ा ने बाह्र सिाल सािाजाननक गरे का नथए ।
 जङ्गबहादुरले भारिमा रहे को East India Company सरकार र िेलार्िको नसको गदै प्रहरी स्थापनाको पहल ।
 जङ्गबहादुरले ष्ट्रिराटनगरमा ३ िटा¸ सप्तरीमा २ िटा र महोत्तरीमा १ ओटा थाना चौकीको स्थापना गरे का नथए¸ जसमा प्रमुख
लेशटटनेन्ट िथा उनको कमाण्िमा हिल्दार अमल्दार कोटिाल मुन्सी नोनसन्दा र नसपाहीहरु रहने व्र्िस्था ।
 ु ी ऐनको चोरीको महल नं. १ मा कसै को मालसामन
श्री ५ सुरेन्र िीर ष्ट्रिक्रम िाहको पालामा बनेको नेपालको पष्ट्रहलो मुलक
चोरी भएमा मालको हुनलर्ा सष्ट्रहिको ष्ट्रििरण थानामा ददनुपने व्र्िस्था भएबाट प्रहरी सेिा भएको हुन सक्ने ।
 जङ्गबहादुरले ष्ट्रि.सं . १९३१ मा भोटसँग र्ुद्ध गनाको लानग गठन गररएका नमलेनसर्ा हरुलाइा १९३८/९ मा ष्ट्रिनधिि रुपमा
सुरक्षाको शजम्मेिारी ददए ।
 िाशन्ि सुरक्षा कार्म गना िथा राजस्ि उठाउन िराइामा थाना चौकी स्थापना ।
 ४ माचा १८१६ को सुगौली सन्धी पश्चाि् १८६० मा ष्ट्रििाा भएको बाँके बददार्ा कैलाली कञ्चनपुर सुरक्षा गना चौकीदारी
प्रथाको प्रर्ोग ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . १९४२ मा श्री ३ िीरिमिेरको पालामा जंगली जनिारको आक्रमणबाट बच्नको लानग थाना चौकीको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं .१९५५ पहािमा नमनलनसर्ा िथा िराइामा अनमनी पुनलस (रािो टाउके) को स्थापना।
 दे ि सम्िेरले ष्ट्रि.सं .१९६६ मा घना िस्िी भएको ठाउँमा पुनलस थाना चौकीको स्थापना।
 चन्र सम्िेरले ष्ट्रि.सं . १९६७ मा काठमािौंमा कोििाली पुनलसको स्थापना ।
 जुद्द िम्सेरको पालामा काठमािौंमा ट्राष्ट्रिक व्र्िस्थापनको कार्ा रामदल ददइएको नथर्ो।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . १९७६ काठमािौंमा सदर पुनलस गोस्िारा ६ ओटा थाना १७ ओटा चौकीको स्थापना।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . १९८५ िराइाका ष्ट्रिनभन्न पुनलस गोश्वारा थाना िथा चौकीको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . १९९२ िोटीमा पुनलस गोश्वाराको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . १९९३ बुटिलमा पुनलसको इननस्पेक्टरको स्थापना।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . १९९५ नेपाली सेनाको रामदल काज खष्ट्रटएर ट्राष्ट्रिक प्रहरीको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . १९९७ िराइामा पुनलसको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २००१ पुनलस थाना चौकीहरुलाइा गोश्वाराबाट हटाएर पुनलस सुपररटन्िेन्ट अन्िगाि राशखएको ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २००२ मा जनकपुर र िौनलहिामा SP अष्ट्रिसको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २००७ प्रथम आइा.शज.ष्ट्रप.को रुपमा िोरण समसेरको ननर्ुशक्त (२००७/१२/२८ दे शख ३० सम्म) ।
 २००७/१२/ ३१ सम्म नर िमसेरको दोस्रो आइा.शज.ष्ट्रप.को रुपमा ननर्ुशक्त
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २००८ मा नसं हदरबारमा आइा.शज. अष्ट्रिसको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २००७/१२/३१ सेनाका नर िम्सेरलाइा दोस्रो IGP ननर्ुक्त।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २००८ मा रक्षा प्रहरी कार्ा गरररहे का (रक्षा दल रामदल जङ्गी प्रहरी नमनलनसर्ाहरुलाइा एष्ट्रककरण¸ दे िभरी प्रहरी कार्ाालर्को स्थापना
िथा प्रहरी बैण्िको स्थापना ।
 चैिमार्ा ढं गोल २००८ असार १ गिे पष्ट्रहलो मष्ट्रहला प्रहरीको रुपमा भनाा ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २००९ मा मुशक्तसेनालाइा रामदलमा नमसाएर ट्राष्ट्रिक प्रहरीको स्थापना । प्रहरी दरबन्दी िबलभत्ता र अन्र् सुष्ट्रिधा
नेपाल राजपरमा प्रकाशिि ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०१० मा ष्ट्रििेष प्रहरी ष्ट्रिभाग गठन र २०११ मा लनलिपुरको श्रीमहलमा नेपाल पुनलस िानलम केन्रको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०११ ित्कालीन गृहमन्री टं कप्रसाद आचार्ाको अध्र्क्षिामा भारिीर् प्रहरी प्रमुख साधु राम चौधरी सष्ट्रहि पाँच
सदस्र्ीर् Screening कनमटी गठन ।
(ग) ष्ट्रि.सं . २०१२ (आधुननक काल)
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०१२ असोज ३१ गिे प्रहरी ऐन¸ २०१२ जारी । नेपाल प्रहरीको औपचाररक रुपमा गठन।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०१५ पष्ट्रहलो प्रहरी ननर्मािली जारी ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०१६ मा सिारी साधन िथा घोिाहरु प्रदान ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं .२०१७ मा अञ्चल र शजल्लामा शजल्ला प्रहरी कार्ाालर्हरुको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०१८ सं चार सेिाको व्र्िस्था ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०१९ अनधकृिलाइा िानलमको व्र्िस्था ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०२२ मा नगर प्रहरी स्थापना¸ अपराध ष्ट्रिनध ष्ट्रिज्ञानको प्रर्ोग ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०२४ मा नेपाल Interpol को सदस्र् । 27 September 1967
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०२५ मं नसरमा ४ िटा क्षेरमा DIG कार्ाालहरुको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०२६ सालमा सिस्त्र प्रहरी बटानलर्नको स्थापना । कुकुर िाखाको स्थापना।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०३० दे शख २०४६ सम्म प्रहरीले अध्र्ागमन सेिा प्रदान गरे को ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०३० प्रहरी रािनको व्र्िस्था ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०३१ प्रहरी सुधार कार्ाक्रम लागू ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०३४ महेन्र पुनलक क्लबको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०३५ ष्ट्रिनध ष्ट्रिज्ञान प्रर्ोगिाला र घुम्िी पर्ाटक पर्ाटकको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०३६ बुटिलमा क्षेरीर् िानलम केन्रको व्र्िस्था ।(२०३४ ८ २८)
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०३८ प्रहरी ष्ट्रकिािखानाको व्र्िस्था ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०३९ सामुदाष्ट्रर्क प्रहरीको सुरुिाि ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०४० मा िीरे न्र प्रहरी अस्पिाल िथा दीपेन्र प्रहरी स्कुलको स्थापना । प्रहरी कल्र्ाण कोषको स्थापना ।
 २०४३ कम््र्ुटर िाखाको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०४६ सिस्त्र प्रहरी िानलम केन्र ककनीको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०४७ ननलो र्ुननिाम ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०४८ बाट UN मा प्रहरीको सहभानगिा । सन् १९९२ माचा १२ (नब.सं . २०४८ साल िागुन २९ गिे) मा
ित्कालीन र्ुगोस्लानभर्ा
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०४९ मा प्रहरी ननर्मािली जारी । ५ जना अनधकृि IPS िानलममा सहभागी । प्रशिक्षण प्रनिष्ठानको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०५२ मष्ट्रहला िथा बानलका सेिा केन्रको स्थापना । प्रहरी स्मारक स्थापना। ष्ट्रििेष कार्ादलको व्र्िस्था ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०५३ अपराध अनुसन्धान ष्ट्रिद्यालर्को स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०५४ उपत्र्का प्रहरी कार्ाालर्को स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०६२ मा Post Graduate diploma and police Science कोसाको व्र्िस्था।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०६३ महानगीर् प्रहरीको स्थापना ।(२०६३ मं नसर १)
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०६५ मष्ट्रहला िथा बालबानलका सेिा ननदे िननालर् ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०६६ केन्रीर् अनुसन्धान व्र्ुरोको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०६७ Central Intelligence Bureau को स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०६९ श्रािण ८ गिे Metro Traffic FM (९५.५ मेगाहजा) को स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७१/0१/0८ मा प्रहरी ननर्मािली जारी ।
  ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७१/0२/0८ मुस्कान सष्ट्रहिको प्रहरी सेिाको थालनी ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७२/0८/२४ नेपाल प्रहरीमा निशजटल िरे शन्सक ल्र्ाबको स्थापना ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७३/0३/२७ प्रहरी मेरो साथी कार्ाक्रमको आरम्भ ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७४/0४/३१ नेपाल सरकार (मशन्रपररषद्) को ननणार्ानुसार साष्ट्रिकको क्षेरीर् प्रहरी कार्ाालर्लाई प्रदे ि प्रहरी
कार्ाालर् र अञ्चल प्रहरी कार्ाालर्लाई सं घीर् एकाई प्रहरी कार्ाालर्मा रूपान्िरीि गररएको ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७४/0६/२७ प्रहरी हिल्दार दर्जर्ाान्नी शचन्ह पररििान ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७५/0७/११ गिे समुदार् प्रहरी साझेदारी कार्ाक्रम लागू ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७७ असोज १९ गिे प्रहरी ननर्मािली आठौं पटक सं िोधन ।
 ष्ट्रि.सं . २०७६ १० २८ प्रहरी समार्ोजन ऐन¸ २०७६ र नेपाल प्रहरी िथा प्रदे ि प्रहरी (कार्ा सं चालन¸ सुपररिेक्षण र
समन्िर्) ऐन¸ २०७६ जारी ।
 नमनि २०७८ माघ ०३ गिेको प्रहरी ननर्मािली निौ सं सोधन। नेपाल प्रहरीमा सहार्क हिल्दार¸ िररष्ठ हिल्दार¸ िररष्ठ
नार्ब ननरीक्षक पदहरु थ्ने ननणार् । कशम्िमा ८ िषा एउटै पदमा रहेर काम गरे का उपरीक्षक दजाा सम्मका कमाचरीलाइा
अिकािमा पाउँदा पाउँदा एक िह बढु िा¸ पररचरको स्िरोन्ननि ।
२. हालको अिस्था

३. प्रहरीको मुख्र् भूनमका

 प्रचनलि कानूनको पालना गनुा र गराउनु ।  महत्िपूणा प्रनिष्ठानको सुरक्षा ।
 िाशन्ि सु-व्र्िस्था कार्म रा्ु ।  प्रमुख कानून कार्ाान्िर्न ननकार् ।
 अपराध अनुसन्धान र कारिाही ।  मानिअनधकारको पालना र उच्च सम्मान ।
 धनजनको सुरक्षा ।  अन्र् प्रचनलि कानूनमा भएको व्र्िस्था
 ट्राष्ट्रिक व्र्िस्थापन । बमोशजमको कार्ा ।
 प्रकोप र सं कट व्र्िस्थापन ।  अन्र् जानकारी ।
४. “सत्र् सेिा सुरक्षणम्” आदिा िाक्र्
५. Vision: नागररक केशन्रि स्िच्छ एिं व्र्ािसाष्ट्रर्क प्रहरी सेिा ।
६. Mission Statement: "कानूनी रार्जर्को मूल अिधारणाबाट ननददाष्ट रही प्रभािकारी अपराध ननर्न्रण र अनुसन्धानद्वारा समाजमा
िाशन्ि स्थापना गरी मानि अनधकारको सं रक्षणमा प्रनिबद्द रािप्रनि समष्ट्रपि
ा स्िच्छ प्रहरी सेिा"
७. झण्िामा प्रर्ोग भएको रं ग
 ननलो: गम्भीरिा र नधरिा  पहेलो: स्िच्छिा र ननश्चलिाको प्रनिक
 रािो : ष्ट्रिरिा र िशक्त
 नेपाल प्रहरीको झण्िाको पररकल्पनाकार कणाध्िज राइा हुन ् ।
८. समूह
(क) जनपद
(ख) प्राष्ट्रिनधक समूह
(१) स्िास््र् (शचष्ट्रकत्सक िेन्टल ननसाङ्ग ्र्ारामेनिक्स र अन्र्)
(२) केनाइन (पिु स्िास््र्र िग हेण्िलर)
(३) ष्ट्रिनध ष्ट्रिज्ञान (औ ंठाछाप भौनिक रसार्न र िार्ोलोजी)
 (४) इशन्जननष्ट्रर्ङ्ग (आिास िथा भौनिक ईशन्जननर्ररङ्ग ¸ सञ्चार¸ सूचना प्रष्ट्रिनध/कम््र्ूटर¸ मेकाननकल, ईशन्जननर्ररङ्ग िथा
सिारी¸ हािहनिर्ार (आरमर) ििा र सं नगिििा)
९. कार्ाालर्हरु
 प्रहरी कार्ाालर्हरु: प्रधान कार्ाालर्: ३३ िटा
 प्रदे ि प्रहरी कार्ाालर्हरु: २५६४ िटा
 महानगरीर् प्रहरी कार्ालर्हरु: १६४ िटा
१०. नेपाल प्रहरीको दरबन्दी रहेका अन्र् ननकार्हरु: सं सद¸ राष्ट्रिर् सुरक्षा पररषदको सशचिालर्¸ अशख्िर्ार दुरुपर्ोग अनुसन्धान
आर्ोग¸ अदालि¸ पर्ाटक प्रहरी¸ राजदुिािास¸ सम्पशत्त सुदद्दकरण ष्ट्रिभाग
११. नेपालको सं ष्ट्रिधानको धारा २६८ मा प्रहरी सम्बन्धी व्र्िस्था गररएको ।
१२. एक ददनमा प्रहरी पररचालन

१३. ष्ट्रिनभन्न प्रकारको ड्र्ूटीमा नेपाल प्रहरी

इ. नेपाल प्रहरीका प्रहरी महाननरीक्षकहरु

 1st Toran Shumsher J.B.R. (िोरण िमिेर ज.ब.रा.) २००७/१२/२८/ - २००७/१२/३०
Nara Shumsher J.B.R. (नर िमिेर ज.ब.रा.) २००७/१२/३१/ - २०१०/८/२१
nd
2

Gyan Bahadur Yakthumba (ज्ञान बहादुर र्ाक्थुम्बा) २०१०/८/२२ - २०१२/५/९

rd
3
4th Gopal Shumsher J.B.R. (गोपाल िमिेर ज.ब.रा.) २०१२/५/१०- २०१३/४/१४
Purna Singh Khawas (पूणना सं ह खिास) २०१३/४/१५/ - २०१४/५/१
th
5

- Tirtha Bahadur Shah (निथा बहादुर िाह) २०१४/५/१- २०१४/५/२७

6th Dhundi Raj Sharma (ढु ण्िीराज िमाा) २०१४/५/२८- २०१८/९/१६
Pahal Singh Lama (पहलनसं ह लामा) २०१८/९/१७- २०२३/२/३१
th
7

Rom Bahadur Thapa (रोम बहादुर थापा) २०२३/२/३१ - २०२९/३/३१

th
8
9th Khadgajeet Baral (खड्गजीि बराल) २०२९/४/१ - २०३५/२/३१
10th ा कुमार थापा)
Durlav Kumar Thapa (दुलभ २०३५/३/१ - २०३९/२/३१
Dil Bahadur Lama (ददल बहादुर लामा) २०३९/३/१ - २०४३/२/३१
th
11
12th Hem Bahadur Singh (हेम बहादुर नसं ह २०४३/३/१ - २०४७/२/३१
13th Ratna Shumsher J.B.R. (रत्न िमिेर ज.ब.रा.) २०४७/३/१- २०४९/११/१५
Moti Lal Bohora (मोनिलाल बोहरा) २०४९/११/१५ - २०५३/१२/२१
th
14
15th Dhruba Bahadur Pradhan (धुबा बहादुर प्रधान) २०५३/१२/२१- २०५४/८/२६
16th Achyut Krishna Kharel (अच्र्ूि कृष्ण खरे ल) २०५४/८/२६ - २०५७/७/१६
Pradip Shumsher J.B.R. (प्रददप िमिेर ज.ब.रा.) २०५७/७/१७ २०५९/९/१४
th
17 -
18th Shyam Bhakta Thapa (श्र्ाम भक्त थापा) २०५९/९/१४- २०६३/२/२१
19th Om Bikram Rana (ओम नबक्रम राणा) २०६३/२/२२ - २०६५/६/१
Hem Bahadur Gurung (हेम बहादुर गुरुङ्ग) २०६५/६/२ - २०६५/११/५
th
20
21st Ramesh Chand Thakuri (रमेि चन्द ठकुरी) २०६५/११/६ - २०६८/२७/७

Rabindra Pratap Shah (रष्ट्रिन्र प्रिाप िाह) २०६८/ २/ १८ - २०६९/ ५/२८

nd
22
23rd Kuber Singh Rana (कुिेर नसं ह राना ) २०६९/ ५/२८ - २०७०/८/१
Upendra Kant Aryal (उपेन्र कान्ि अर्ााल) २०७०/८/१ - २०७३/ ११/१
th
24
25th Prakash Aryal (प्रकाि अर्ााल) २०७३/१२/२८ - २०७४/ १२/२९
26th Sarbendra Khanal (सबे न्र खनाल) २०७४/१२/३० - २०७६/१०/२८
Thakur Prasad Gyawaly (ठाकुर प्रसाद ज्ञिाली २०७६/१०/२९ - २०७७/३/२४
th
27
28th Shailesh Thapa Kshetri (िैलेि थापा क्षेरी) २०७७/ ३/२५
(Source: [Link]
ई . UN Mission मा सहभानगिा
 सन् १९४५ अक्टोबर २४ मा UN का स्थापना ।
 सन् १९५५ निसेम्बर १४ मा नेपालले UN को सदस्र्िा प्राप्त गरे को ।
 सन् १९५८ मा United Nations Observer Group in Lebanon मा ित्कालीन िाही नेपाली सेना (नेपाली सेना) का ५ जना
अनधकृिहरु Military Observer को रुपमा नेपालबाट पष्ट्रहलो पटक सहभागी ।
 सन् १९९२ माचा २९ (नब.सं . २०४८ साल िागुन २९ गिे) मा ित्कालीन र्ुगोस्लानभर्ा (Now Bosnia and Herzgovina,
Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo and Slovnia) मा UN PROFOR ( United Nations Protection Force) को
रुपमा UN Mission मा पष्ट्रहलो सहभानगिा जनाएको ।
 Individual Police Officer (IPOs) – 12 March 1992
 Professional Post- 2 August 1995
 Formed Police Unit (FPU): September 2004 Haiti and September ( 2008) Sudan Darfur both FPUs are closed.
 Since March 1992 , Nepal Police has its remarkable contribution to various UN Peace Keeping Missions like UNGCI
(Iraq), UNMIK (Kosovo), UNMIL (Liberia), UNAMSIL (Sierra Leone), MINUSTAH (Haiti), UNMIS & UNMISS
(Sudan), UNAMID (Darfur), UNSOM (Somalia),UNMIT (East Timore) & UNFICYP (Cyprus) as a UN Police advisers,
FPU and Professional Post
  8300 ( May 2020) Nepal Police Personnel participated in UN mission as IPO, FPU and Professional post.
 Currently 12 UN Peace Operations in the world.
उ . INTERPOL
१. पररचर्
INTERPOL एक अन्िरााष्ट्रिर् सं स्था हो जसले ष्ट्रिश्वव्र्ापी प्रहरी सहर्ोग र अपराध ननर्न्रणलाई सहजीकरण गछा। र्ो ष्ट्रिश्वको
सबैभन्दा ठू लो अन्िरााष्ट्रिर् प्रहरी सं गठन हो, जसमा ष्ट्रिश्वभरका साि क्षेरीर् ब्र्ूरोहरू र सबै १९५ सदस्र् रािहरूमा राष्ट्रिर् केन्रीर्
ब्र्ूरो छन् ।
 Funder of Interpol Dr Johannes Schober (Police Chief, Vienna, Austria) on 7 September 1923. Headquarters - Vienna,
Austria
 Initial Name: International Criminal Police Organization – ICPO.
 1946 Headquarters of Interpol Moved to Paris France now Lyon , France ( 27 November 1989)
 1947 First Red Corner Notice
 89th GA to be held in UAE was postponed but met on 23 – 25 November, Istanbul, Turkey
 195 Member states ( Last members, the Federated States of Micronesia by 89th GA held on 23 – 25 November, Istanbul,
Turkey )
 90th GA will be held in India.
 Official languages: Arabic, English, French and Spanish
२. सं रचना
a) Executive Committee (कार्ाकारी सनमनि)
 13 Members
 Ahmed Nasser Al Raisi of the United Arab Emirates was elected as Present president of Interpol by 89th GA held
on 23 – 25 November, Istanbul, Turkey)
 Election of Vice President & Delegates: Simple Majority
 Supervises the works of the Secretary General
 Supervises the execution of the decisions of the General Assembly
b) General Assembly (महासभा)
 Supreme Governing Body
 International co-operation, resources, finance etc.
 Elect Executive Committee
 Interval of GA: 1 year
 Participation By: Head of NCBs, Chiefs of Police, Ministers, NCB representative and other
c) General Secretariat (सशचिालर्)
 Headed by Secretary General (SG)
 Term of SG: 5 years
 Present SG: Jurgen Stock of Germany
 Oversees the implementation of the decisions of the GA (Resolutions and day-to-day works of international police co-
operation)
 Responsible for overall monitoring of the organization
 Officers from over 114 countries work at the General Secretariat.
 195 National Central Bureaus
 Advisers
३. Three Global Programs
a) Cyber Crime
b) Counter Terrorism, crimes against people and property,
c) Organized and Emerging Crime
४. National Central Bureau (NCB) – Kathmandu
27 से्टे म्बर 1967 मा क्र्ोटोमा सम्पन्न 36 औ ं महासभाले नेपाललाई इन्टरपोलको 100 औ ं सदस्र्मा मनोनीि गरे को नथर्ो। NCB-
काठमािौं त्र्सबेलादे शख नै दे िका ष्ट्रिनभन्न ष्ट्रिभागहरू, NCB को रूपमा सेिा गने अन्र् दे िहरूमा रहेका ननकार्हरूसँग सम्पका सुननशश्चि गनाको
लानग स्थापना भएको नथर्ो ।
५. Capabilities of Interpol (क्षमिा)
 Assistance (सहर्ोग)
 Believability(ष्ट्रिश्वासननर्िा)
 Co-ordination ( समन्िर्)
 Database (अनभलेख)
 Expertise (ष्ट्रिज्ञिा)
  Funds & Financial contribution (कोष िथा आनथाक सहार्िा )
 Network (सम्पका)
६. Function of INTERPOL NCB - Kathmandu
 Interpol Secretary General र अन्र् NCBs सँग खिर आदान प्रदान।
 इन्टरपोल सूचनाहरूको िर्ारी र कार्ाान्िर्न।
 राष्ट्रिर् कानून प्रििान एजेन्सीहरू, मन्रालर्हरू, कूटनीनिक एजेन्सीहरू र सम्बशन्धि गैरसरकारी सं स्थाहरूसँग समन्िर्।
 महासभा, एनसर्ाली क्षेरीर् सम्मेलन, एनसर्ाली सम्पका अनधकारी बैठक, र इन्िो-नेपाल इन्टरपोल अनधकारीहरूको बैठक र
आिश्र्क ठाने अन्र् बैठक र सम्मेलनहरूमा िर्ारी र सहभानगिा।
 सुचना ष्ट्रिश्लेषण।
 आपरानधक रे किा।
 कानूनी मानमलाहरू: सुपद ु ागी, ननिाासन, आदद जस्िा कानुनी मुद्दाहरूमा अध्र्र्न र सल्लाह
७. Services and Assistance Provided by NCB Kathmandu
 दुिै स्िदे िी र ष्ट्रिदे िी एजेन्सीहरूको लानग आपराध अनुसन्धान सहार्िा।
 १९५ दे िहरूमा INTERPOL महासशचि र प्रहरी अनधकारीहरूसँग सुरशक्षि सञ्चार।
 आपरानधक इनिहास जानकारी र कूटनीनिक नमसनहरू र सदस्र् दे िहरूबाट रे किा जाँचहरू।
 अनभर्ोजनको लानग िरार अपरानधको ट्रेनसङ र पत्ता लगाउने।
 बेपत्ता व्र्शक्त िा अपहरण गररएका बालबानलकाहरूको खोजी र पत्ता लगाउने
 सीमा सुरक्षामा सहर्ोग गने।
 चोरी भएको कला र कलाकृनिहरू पत्ता लगाउने।
 िािािरणीर् र िन्र्जन्िु अपराध
८. Requesting Assistance from the NCB – Kathmandu
NCB-काठमािौंबाट सहर्ोगको लानग अनुरोध नलशखि रूपमा हुनपु छा र िास्िष्ट्रिक कानून प्रििान एजेन्सीबाट आएको हुनप
ु छा।
अनुरोधमा एजेन्सीको नाम, केस िा सन्दभा नम्बर, सम्पका जानकारी (िोन(24/7)/टर्ाक्स/मेल, आदद) समािेि हुनपु छा।
अत्र्ािश्र्क अिस्थामा, NCB-काठमािौंले टे नलिोन मािाि प्रारशम्भक अनुरोध स्िीकार गना सक्छ, िर नलशखि अनुरोध प्राप्त नभएसम्म
र्सले अन्िरााष्ट्रिर् रूपमा सूचना प्रसारण गना सक्दै न। व्र्शक्तगि मानमलामा सहर्ोग खोर्जने ननजी व्र्शक्तहरूले स्थानीर् प्रहरी कार्ाालर्
िा अन्र् उपर्ुक्त कानून प्रििान अनधकारीहरूसँग सम्पका गनुप
ा छा। र्द्यष्ट्रप, अपराध र अपराधीहरूको बारे मा कुनैपनन जानकारी स्िागि
छ; र्सबाट प्राप्त जानकारी गो्र् राशखनेछ।

९. Interpol बाट जारी हुने सुचनाहरु

I. Red Notice -Wanted Person (arrest warrant has been issued) िरार अपराधी खोजिलास¸ पक्राउ िथा सुपदु ागीको लानग
जारी गररने
II. Blue Notice- Additional Information
III. Green Notice- Warnings and Intelligence
IV. Orange Notice -Imminent Threat
V. Black Notice- Unidentified Bodies
VI. Yellow Notice- Missing Person
VII. Purple Notice -Modus Operandi
VIII. INTERPOL-UN Security Council Special Notice- Entities and Individuals subject to UNSC Sanctions
IX. Diffusion is a notice issued to apprehend the wanted fugitives against whom arrest warrant has not been issued by a
court of law or the competent judicial authority.
 नेपालमा सुरक्षा ननकायको दर्ाा¸ दर्जयाानी चिन्ह तथा श्रे णी

RANK (दर्ाा) राष्ट्रिय

S STATUS INSIGNIA सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल¸
RANK (दर्ाा) नेपाल प्रहरी र नेपाल प्रहरी अनुसन्धान
N (श्रे णी) (दर्जयाानी चिन्ह) नेपाल
सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल ष्ट्रिभाग
COAS General
महारथी
(प्रधानसेनापती)

Lieutenant मुख्य
General
Inspector General - अनुसन्धान
Gazetted Special रथी IG
१ Class ननदे शक
ष्ट्रिचशष्ठ श्रे णी (सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी
महाननरीक्षक)

Major General
Additional Inspector
अनतररक्त
उप रथी General - AIG मुख्य
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी अनुसन्धान
अनतररक्त
ननदे शक
महाननरीक्षक)

Brigadier अनुसन्धान
General
ननदे शक
सहायक रथी Deputy inspector
General - DIG
२ (सशस्त्र/प्रहरी नायब
महाननरीक्षक)

Colonel सह
महासेनानी
अनुसन्धान
st Senior
Gazetted 1
Superintendent -
ननदे शक
Class
SSP
३ रार्पत्र अंष्ट्रकत
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी िररष्ठ
प्रथम श्रे णी
उपरीक्षक)

Lieutenant
Colonel
प्रमुख सेनानी Superintendent - SP
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी
उपरीक्षक)
Gazetted 2nd
Class
४ रार्पत्र अंष्ट्रकत
Major प्रमुख
ष्ट्रिनतय श्रे णी
सेनानी
अनुसन्धान
Deputy
Superintendent -
DSP अनधकृत
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी नायब
उपरीक्षक)
 Captain
सह-सेनानी

Lieutenant अनुसन्धान
उप सेनानी
Gazetted 3rd अनधकृत
Class Inspector - INS
५
रार्पत्र अंष्ट्रकत (सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी
तृनतय श्रे णी ननरीक्षक)

Second
Lieutenant
सहायक सेनानी

Subedar Major
प्रमुख सुिेदार
Senior Sub Inspector
- SSI
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी िररष्ठ
नायब ननरीक्षक)
Non Gazetted 1st
Class
६ रार्पत्र अनंष्ट्रकत Warrant Officer िररष्ठ
प्रथम श्रे णी First Class
अनुसन्धान
सुिेदार Sub Inspector - SI
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी नायब सहायक
ननरीक्षक)

Non Gazetted 2nd Warrant Officer अनुसन्धान

Class Second Class
रार्पत्र अनंष्ट्रकत सहायक
र्मदार Assistant Sub
Inspector - ASI
७ ष्ट्रिनतय श्रे णी
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी
सहायक ननरीक्षक)

Non Gazetted 3rd Sergeant

Class हुद्दा
रार्पत्र अनंष्ट्रकत Senior Head
Constable - SHC
तृनतय श्रे णी
(सशस्त्र /प्रहरी िररष्ठ
हिल्दार)
८

Corporal सूिक
अमल्दार Head Constable -
HC
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी
हिल्दार)
 Lance Corporal
Assistant Head
प्यूठ Constable - AHC
(सशस्त्र/ प्रहरी सहायक
हिल्दार)

रार्पत्र अनंष्ट्रकत Private सहायक

Constable
९ नसपाही
ितुथा श्रे णी (सशस्त्र /प्रहरी र्िान) सूिक

Followers कुचिकार
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१० (No Insignia) कायालय सहयोगी
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नसपाही)

अ. नेपालमा सुरक्षा ननकायहरु

क. नेपाली सेना
१. नेपालको संष्ट्रिधान धारा २६७: नेपालको स्ितन्त्रता, सािाभौमसत्ता, भौगोनलक अखण्डता, स्िाधीनता र राष्ट्रिय एकताको
रक्षाका लानग यस सं ष्ट्रिधानप्रनत प्रनतबि समािेशी नेपाली सेनाको एक सं गठन रहनेछ ।
२. सै ननक ऐन २०६३ (२०६३- ६- १२)
३. सै ननक ननयमािनल २०६९ (२०६९- १०- १०)
४. शाही नेपाली सेनाबाट नेपाली सेना नामाकरण गररएको २०६३ र्ेठ ३
५. पूि ा माओिादी लडाकुबाट सेनामा समायोर्न भएका महासेनानी- यमबहादुर अनधकारी
६. ष्ट्रिरे न्र सै ननक आिानसय माष्ट्रि - २०३५
७. ष्ट्रिक्रम सं ित् १८१९ साल असोर् ५ गते स्थापना गररएको श्रीनाथ कम्पनी नेपाली सेनाको सबैभन्दा र्ेठो पल्टनमध्ये
एक हो।
८. नेपाल एष्ट्रककरणका क्रममा रार्ा पृचविनारायण शाहले गठन गरे का सेनाका पााँि कम्पननहरु
i. श्रीनाथ कम्पनी १८१९ साल असोर् ५
ii. श्री कालीबक्स कम्पनी १८१९ असोर् ५
iii. श्री बदािाणी कम्पनी १८१९ असोर् ०९
iv. श्री सबुर् कम्पनी १८१९
v. श्री गोरख कम्पनी सं ित् १८१९ फाल्गुन १०
९. नेपाली सेना स्थापनाको एउटै नमनत नभएको र नबनभन्न नमनतमा सं गठठत भएकाले महाचशिरात्रीलाई सेना ठदिसका रुपमा
मनाउने गररएको छ।
ख. सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल¸ नेपाल
१. २०५७ माघ ९ - सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल गठन सम्बचन्ध प्रथम अध्यादे श र्ारी
२. २०५७ माघ १९ - सशस्त्र प्रहरी बलको गठन, स्ि.कृष्णमोहन श्रे ष्ठ प्रथम महाननरीक्षकमा ननयुक्त
३. २०५८ भार ६ - सशस्त्र प्रहरी ऐन २०५८ र्ारी
४. स्थापनाकालमा सशस्त्र प्रहरी बलको र्नशचक्त व्यिस्थापन (सेना - ११९¸ प्रहरी -९४२३ हाल आफ्नै सेिा आयोग)
५. २०५८ कानताक ७ -तत्कानलन श्री ५ महारार्नधरार् ज्ञानेन्र ष्ट्रिरष्ट्रिक्रम शाहदे ि सरकारको बाहुलीबाट बगलामुखी ननशान
भगिती बक्स भएको नमनत कानताक ७ मा मनाउदै आएकोमा २०७५ सालबाट सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल गठन सम्बचन्ध
प्रथम अध्यादे श र्ारी नमनत माघ ९।
६. आदशा िाक्य": शाचन्त सुरक्षा प्रनतबिता
ग. राष्ट्रिय अनुसन्धान ष्ट्रिभाग
१. नब.सं . २००८ सालमा आनधकाररक रुपमा सेण्रल ईण्टे नलर्ेन्स ब्यूरोको स्थापना ।
२. नब.सं . २०१२ सालमा नेपाल प्रहरी गठन हुदााँ तत्कानलन अपराध अनुसन्धान हेने ईकाईसाँग ष्ट्रिलय ।
३. नब.सं . २०१३ साल फागुन २१ गते नेपाल गुप्तिर ष्ट्रिभागको नामबाट सं स्थाको पुनरस्थापना ।
 ४. सं स्थागत रुपमा नब.सं . २०१५ सालदे चख काया प्रारम्भ ।
५. नब.सं . २०४२ भार १२ गते सालमा नबशेष सेिा ऐन लागु ।
६. नब.सं . २०४४ साल भार ५ गते नबशेष सेिा ननयमािली स्िीकृत ।
७. २०४७ साल िै त्र २९ गते नेपाल नबशेष सेिा ऐनमा सं शोधन गरी सं गठनको नाम राष्ट्रिय अनुसन्धान ष्ट्रिभाग
नामाकरण ।
८. राष्ट्रिय अनुसन्धान ष्ट्रिभाग २०७४ फागुन ११ दे चख प्रधानमन्त्री तथा मन्त्रीपररषदको कायाालय मातहतमा आएको
आ. नेपालमा सुरक्षा ननकायहरु थप र्ानकारी नमनत २०७८ मं नसर २१ गतेसम्मको र्ानकारी
सं गठनको नाम प्रधान कायाालय प्रमुख ननयुचक्त नमनत कनत औ ं
नेपाली सेना भरकाली प्रभ ुराम शमाा २०७८ भार २४ ४४ औ ं
नेपाल प्रहरी नक्साल शैलेस थापा क्षेत्री २०७७ असार २५ २८ औ ं
सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल नेपाल हलिोक शैलेन्र खनाल २०७४ िै त २९ १० औं
राष्ट्रिय अनुसन्धान ष्ट्रिभाग नसं हदरबार यदुलाल खरे ल २०७८ पौष २१ १८ औ ं
इ. सं ष्ट्रिधानको धारा २६८ मा नेपाल प्रहरी¸ सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल¸ नेपाल र राष्ट्रिय अनुसन्धान गठन सम्बन्धी व्यिस्था
छ।