Work, Energy and Power Series.

Work of a constant force

W=F Δr

Work equals force. r cos(θ)

Work of an elastic force

1 2
W= k x
2

Power
Mechanical energy

EM =E E
C P

1 2
Kinetic energy E=
C m2 v

Gravitational potential energy E=m

P g h h is height with respect to a system of
reference
1 2
Elastic potential energy E=
P k2 x

Theorem of kinetic energy

The total work done by the forces acting on a body is equal to the change in
kinetic energy

W=ΔE
T C

Conservative forces: the work they do is independent of the path taken.

The work done on a closed trajectory is also zero.
If all the forces of a system are conservative, the system is conservative.

The work of conservative forces (weight) is equal to minus the change in potential energy.


Wcons =  E E=
pfΔE pi  p

For conservative systems EM =E E=constant

c P
The work done by non-conservative forces (friction) is equal to the variation of the
mechanical energy

Wnocons =E Mf  E Mi
What work will a man do to raise a 75 kgf bag to a height of 3.8m?
Express it in Kgm, Joule, Ergio, Kwh.

Data: 1 kilogram-force m 9.807 J

7
P 75 kgf 1J 1 10 erg
7
h 3.8m 1J 2.778 10 kW hr

The man must exert a force equal and opposite to the weight force.

F P 75 kgf
3
W F h cos(0degrees) 2.795 10 J
10
W F h cos(0 degrees) 2.795 10 erg

W F h cos(0deg) 285 kgf m

4
W F h cos(0deg) 7.764 10 kW hr

2. An object falls freely and takes 5 seconds to touch the ground. If its weight is 3 kgf, what work
It should be done to lift it to the place from where it fell? Express it in Kgm, Joule and
Ergios.

Data:
t 5s
P 3 kgf

The body falls freely.

1 2
h g t 122.583 m
2
The force that must be exerted is equal to the weight F P 29.42 N

3
In F h cos(0degrees) 3.606 10 J
10
W F h cos(0deg) 3.606 10 erg

W F h cos(0deg) 367.749 kgf m

3
W F h cos(0 degrees) 1.002 10 kW hr
3. A block ascends an inclined plane that forms an angle of 30º with the horizontal, by the
action of three forces represented in the figure. The force F1 is horizontal and has a magnitude of 25 Kgf.
F2 is normal to the plane and has a magnitude of 28 Kgf, F3 is parallel to the plane and has a magnitude of 12 Kgf. Knowing that the
the application point of each force moves 2.5 m, calculate the work done by
each one of them.

Data:

θ 30 degrees
F1 25kgf F2
F2 28kgf F3

F3 12 kgf
F1
x 2.5m
30 degrees
In 1 F 1x cos(30 degrees) 54.127 kgf m
W2 F 2x cos(90 degrees) 0 kgf m

W3 F3 x cos(0deg) 30 kgf m

A projectile weighing 43 Kgf is launched vertically upwards with an initial velocity of

105 m/s. It is desired to know:
a) What kinetic energy will it have after 9 seconds?
b) What potential energy will it have when it reaches its maximum height?

Data:

Pp 43 kgf pm 43kg
m
v0 105

t 9s

Kinetic energy at 9 s. We must first calculate the velocity at 9 s.

m
v v0 g t 16.74
s
1 2 3
Ec m v 6.025 10 J
2 p
Potential energy at its maximum height
2
v0
h max 562.119 m
2 g

5
Ep m p g hmax
2.37 10 J
A moving vehicle has half the kinetic energy of another vehicle whose mass is
half of the first one. The first one increases its speed modulus by 1.7 m/s and then has the
same kinetic energy as the second. Calculate the initial speeds of each vehicle.

Ec2
Ec1 =
2

That is:
1 2 1 2
m
1 v1 = m v (1)
2 4 2 2

m1
m=
2 (2)
2
2
1 m 1 2
m v1 1.7 = m
2 v2 (3)
2 1 2

Replacing 2 in 1:

1 2 1 m1 2
m
1 v =
1 v2
2 4 2

v=2v
2 1 (5)

Replacing 2 and 5 in 3:

2
1 m 1 m1
m v 1.7
2 1 1 s
=
2 2
 2
2 1v

2
2 m 2
v 1  2 v 1 1.7  1.7 =2v 1
s

Leaving a second degree equation:

2
2 m m
v 1  3.4 v 2.89
1 2

2 4.104163056034261583
v 1  3.4 v 12.89 resolver
0 .70416305603426158296

Taking
 m m
v1 4.104 v2 2 v1 8.208
s s

6. Disregarding frictional forces, calculate from what height a sled should fall from
from rest, to achieve kinetic energy equivalent to what it has when its speed is
at 122 km/h.

Data:
km
vt 122
hr

If there is no friction, all the potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.

E=E
c p

1 2
m v=m g h
2
2
vt
h 58.555 m
2 g

7. Find the average power used to lift a weight of 150 Kgf to a height of 120 m in 54 s.
Data:

P 150kgf
h 120m

t 54s
P h kgf m
Pot 333.333
t s

8. A 1300 Kg car accelerates uniformly on a horizontal surface from rest

reaching a speed of 12 m/s, after 7 seconds. What is the average power required?
To carry this out, do we disregard the forces of friction?

Data:
ma 1300 kg
m m
vf 12 vi 0
s

t 7s
v fv i m
a 1.714
t 2
s
 3
F ma a 2.229 10 N

1 2
x a t 42 m
2

F x 4
Pot 1.337 10 W
t

The locomotive of a freight train exerts a constant force of 7 tons on the train.
while dragging it along a horizontal track at a speed of 45 km/h. How many kilokilometers of
What work will the locomotive perform on a 1.5km route? Express the result in the rest of the
systems that you know and in Kwh.

Data:

F 7000 kgf
km
v 45
hr

x 1.5 km
7
W F x cos(0deg) 1.05 10 kgf m

4 kgf m
Pot F v 8.75 10
s

10. Calculate: a) The kinetic energy of a car weighing 1100 kgf that is traveling at a speed of
55 km/h. b) How many times greater is the kinetic energy if the speed is doubled?
automobile?
Data:
Pa 1100 kgf ma 1100 kg
km m
v 55 v 15.278
hr s

1 2 5
Ec ma v 1.284 10 J
2

If we double the speed

m
v´ 2 v 30.556
s
1 2 5
Ec' ma v´ 5.135 10 J
2

Ec'
4
Ec
11. A block with a mass of 15 Kg is going to be lifted from bottom to top on an inclined plane of 7 degrees.
meters long and 4 meters above the ground at the top. Assuming surfaces without
friction, how much work must be done by a force parallel to the inclined plane that makes
climbing the block at a constant speed?

Data:
mb 15kg Pb m bg 147.1 N

l 7m

h 4m 4m

4
α asin 34.85 deg
7

In order for the block to move at a constant speed, a force equal to the x component must be applied.
of the weight.

F Pb sin(α) 84.057 N
Px
4m
W F l cos(0deg) 588.399 J P Py

12. A boy pulls a sled weighing 4.5 kgf, 9.8 meters on a horizontal surface with speed
Constant. What work is done on the sled if the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.25 and if it is pulled
at an angle of 35º with the horizontal? Express the result in the rest of the systems that
know and in kWh.
F
Data:
N 35°
Pt 4.5kgf
x 9.8m

μ 0.25 P
Fr
θ 35 degrees

The x component of the force F must be equal to the friction force.

F=0
x
I
 F cos(35 degrees) F=0
r

To calculate the frictional force, we calculate the normal force by summing the forces.
in and
F=0
y
i

N P F t sin(35deg)=0

N=P F sin(35 degrees)

Therefore

F=μ N

F cos(35 degrees) 
μ P F
t sin(35deg)=0 
μ Pt
F 1.169 kgf
cos(35 degrees) μ sin(35 degrees)

The work will be

WF F x cos(35deg) 9.383 kgf m

WF F x cos(35deg) 92.012 J
8
WF F x cos(35deg) 9.201 10 erg

The power of a car is 84900 watts and it develops a uniform speed of 115 Km/h.
What is the force that propels the car? Express the result in the rest of the systems.
know
Data:
Pot 84900 watt
km
va 115 31.944 Pot=F v
hr s
Pot 3
F 2.658 10 N
va

14. A one-meter long rod, with a mass of 450g, can rotate around an axis placed at
One of its ends, and it deviates an angle of 70º. What is the increase in potential energy?

Data:
lv 1m
mv 450g

α 70 degrees
lv
h sin(70 degrees) 0.47 m
2

Ep m g h 2.073 J

15. A man whose mass is 96 kg climbs up to a third floor, at a height of 9m above the
nivel de la calle. a)¿Cuántos julios de trabajo ha realizado? b)¿Cuánto ha aumentado su energía
Potential? c) What is the average power in horsepower if it took 32 seconds to climb?

Data:

mh 96kg t 32s

h 9m
3
W m
h g h cos(0deg) 8.473 10 J
3
Ep m hg h 8.473 10 J

W
Pot 264.78 W
t

264.78
0.36CV
735

A 5kg block is pushed upwards on a 35º inclined plane with a velocity.

initial of 4.88m/s. It is observed that it rises 1.52m along the slope, stops and returns
sliding to the starting point. Calculate the frictional force acting on the block and find
the speed of the block when returning to the starting point on the inclined plane.

Data:

mb 5 kg

α 35 degrees
m
v0 4.88
s
x 1.52m

When the block rises. The initial mechanical energy is all kinetic energy.

EMe =E C

1 2
EC m v 59.536 J
2 b 0
The final mechanical energy is all potential energy

EMf =E P

h 1.52m sin(35 degrees) 0.872 m

EP m bg h 42.749 J

WFr = ΔE M

Fr x cos(180deg)=E Mf  E Me

EPE C
Fr 11.044 N
x -1

To find the speed at which it returns, we analyze the return movement. Now the energy
Initial mechanics is all potential energy and final is all potential energy.

EMe =E P

EMf =E C

Fr x cos(180deg)=E Mf  E Me

1 2
Fr x -1 m v E b f P
2

 Fr x -1 E 2 P m
vf 3.223
mb s

17. In the Park of the Coast in the town of Tigre, a roller coaster was built, whose drop
The main structure has a height of 25.1m, reaching that point with zero velocity for the cars. It is desired
to know what speed the cars reach at the end of it

Data:

h 25.1m E=E
p c

1 2
m g h=m v
2
m
v 2 g h 22.188

18. A ball weighing 250g is hit by a batter to a height of 1.50m from the floor.
Assuming that the maximum range of the ball, the distance it travels until it touches the ground, is
145m, assuming that the angle it was launched at was 33º, calculate the maximum potential energy and
the maximum kinetic energy. Indicate in which position they occur. Express the result in the
rest of the systems that you know and in Kwh.

Data:

mp 250g

y0 1.5m
x max 145m

α 33 degrees

From the trajectory equation

2
g x
y=y x0 tan(α) 
2 2
2 v0 cos(α)
2
g xmax m
v0 39.142
2 s
 y0x max tan(α)  2 cos(α)

2 2
v 0 sin(α)
h max y0 24.672 m
2 g

Ep m p g hmax 60.487 J

The flight time will be

x max =v 0cos(α) t v
x max
tv 4.417 s
v 0 cos(α)

The final velocity will have components

m
vx v 0cos(α) 32.828
s
m
vy v 0sin(α)  g t v2 1.998
s

2 2 m
v v x  v y39.516
 1 2
Ec mp v 195.193 J
2
a