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Alternating Current
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Alternating current is transmitted to distant places
(a) at high voltage and low current (b) at high voltage and high current
(c) at low voltage and low current (d) at low voltage and high current
2. When a voltage measuring device is connected to AC mains, the meter shows the steady input
voltage of 220 V. This means
(a) input voltage cannot be AC voltage, but a DC voltage
(b) maximum input voltage is 220 V
(c) the meter reads not V but <V2> and is calibrated to read < 𝑉 2 >
(d) the pointer of the meter is stuck by some mechanical defect
3. 220 V, 50 Hz, AC is applied to a resistor. The instantaneous value of voltage is
(a) 220 2 sin100πt (b) 220sin100πt (c) 220 2 sin50πt (d) 220sin50πt
4. If the rms current in a 50 Hz AC circuit is 5 A, the value of the current 1/300 s after its value
becomes zero is
(a) 5 2 A (b) 5 3/2 A (c) 5/6A (d) 5/ 2 A
5. An alternating current of rms value 10 A is passed through a 12 Ω resistor. The maximum potential
difference across the resistor is
(a) 20 V (b) 90 V (c) 169. V (d) None of these
6. Same current is flowing in two alternating circuits. The first circuit contains only inductance and the
other contains only a capacitor. If the frequency of the emf of AC is increased, the effect on the value
of the current
(a) increases in the first circuit and decreases in the other
(b) increases in both the circuits
(c) decreases in both the circuits
(d) decreases in the first circuit and increases in the other
7. An inductance and a resistance are connected in series with an AC potential. In this circuit
(a) the current and the potential difference across the resistance lead the PD acrOss the inductance
by phase angle π/2
(b) the current and the potential difference across the resistance lag behind PD across the inductance
by an angle π/2
(c) the current and the potential difference across the resistance lag behind the PD across the
inductance by an angle π
(d) the PD across the resistance lags behind the PD across the inductance by an angle π/2 but the
current in the resistance leads the PD across inductance by π/2
8. An AC voltage is applied to a resistance Rand an inductor L in series. If R and the inductive
reactance are both equal to 3 Ω, the phase difference (in rad) between the applied voltage and the
current in the circuit is
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) zero (d) 6
9. In a circuit containing Rand L, as the frequency of the impressed AC increases, the impedance of the
circuit
(a) decreases (b) increases (c) remains unchanged (d) first increases and then decreases
10. When an AC voltage is applied to an L-C-R circuit, then
(a) landVare out of phase with each other in R
(b) land V are in phase in L with in C, they are out of phase
(c) land V are out of phase in both, C and L
(d) l and Vare out of phase in L and in phase in C
11. In a L-C-R series circuit, the potential difference between the terminals of the inductance is 60 V,
between the terminals of the capacitor is 30 V and that across the resistance is 40 V. Then, supply
voltage will be equal to the
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(a) 50 V (b) 70 V (c) 130 V (d) 10 V
12. An L-C-R series circuit, connected to a source E, is at resonance. Then,
(a) the voltage across R is zero
(b) the voltage across Requals applied voltage
(c) the voltage across C is zero
(d) the voltage across C equals applied voltage
13. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 300 V and an angular frequency ω = 400 rads-1 is applied to series
L-C-R circuit, in which R=3Ω, L= 20 mH and C = 625μF. The peak current in the circuit is
(a) 30 2 A (b) 60 A (c) 100 A (d) 60 2A
14. In an L-C-R circuit if impedance is 2 times of resistance, then find phase difference.
(a) Zero (b) 300 (c) 600 (d) 450
15. An L-C-R circuit contains R= 50 Ω, L= 1 mH and C =0.lμF. The impedance of the circuit will be
minimum for a frequency of
10 5 10 6
(a) 2𝜋 𝐻𝑧 (b) 𝐻𝑧 (c) 2𝜋 × 105 𝐻𝑧 (d) 2𝜋 × 106 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋
16. In an L-C-R series AC circuit, if ω0 is the resonant angular frequency, then the quality factor (Q-
factor) is given by
1 𝐿
(a) 𝜔0 𝐿/𝐶 (b) (c)𝜔0 𝐶/𝑅 (d) 𝐿/𝜔0 𝑅
𝑅 𝐶
17. Which of the following combination should be selected for better tuning of an L-C-R circuit used for
communication?
(a) R= 20 Ω, L=1.5 H, C = 35 μF (b) R=25 Ω, L =2.5 H, C=45 μF
(c) R= 15 Ω, L=3.5H, C = 30μF (d) R=25 Ω, L=1.5 H, C =45μF
18. In an AC circuit the emf (e) and the current (i) at any instant are given respectively by,
e= E0 sin ωt and i= I0 sin (ωt– ϕ)
The average power in the circuit over one cycle of AC is
𝐸0 𝑙 0 𝐸0 𝑙 0 𝐸0 𝑙 0
(a) (b) sin 𝜙 (c) cos 𝜙 (d) 𝐸0 𝑙0
2 2 2
19. 110 Vrms is applied across a series circuit having resistance 11 Ω and impedance 22 Ω. The power
consumed is
(a) 275 W (b) 366 W (c) 550 W (d) 1100 W
20. AC generator is used to
(a) convert low voltage into high voltage
(b) high voltage into low voltage
(c) mechanical energy into electrical energy
(d) All of the above
21. The selectivity of a series L-C-R AC circuit is large, when
(a) L is large and R is large (b) Lis small and R is small
(c) L is large and R is small (d) L=R
22. The core of a transformer is laminated because
(a) energy losses due to eddy currents may be minimised
(b) the weight of the transformer may be reduced
(c) rusting of the core may be prevented
(d) ratio of voltages in primary and secondary may be increased
23. The transformation ratio in the step-up transformer is
(a) one
(b) greater than one
(c) less than one
(d) the ratio greater or less than one depends on the other factors
24. A step-up transformer operates on a 230 V line and supplies a current of 2 A. The ratio of primary
and secondary windings is 1 :25. The primary current is
(a) 12.5 A (b)50 A (c) 8.8 A (d) 25 A
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25. A transformer has 1500 turns in the primary coil and 1125 turns in the secondary coil. If the voltage
in the primary coil is 200 V, then the voltage in the secondary coil is
(a) 100 V (b) 150V (c) 200V (d) 250 V
26. The ratio of secondary to the primary turns in a transformer is 3: 2. If the power output be P, then the
input all losses must be power neglecting equal to
2
(a) 5P (b) 2P (c) P (d) P
5
𝑁1 50
27. A transformer with turns ratio 𝑁 = is connected to a 120 V AC supply. If primary and secondary
2 1
circuit resistances are 1.5 kΩ and 1 Ω respectively, then find out power output.
(a) 5.76 (b) 11.4 W (c) 2.89 W (d) 7.56 W
28. When the frequency of an AC circuit is doubled, then the capacitive reactance will be ……….. .
(a) halved (b) doubled (c) squared (d) Tripled
29. In an L-C-Rseries circuit, the voltage across each of the components L, Cand Ris 100 V. The voltage
across the LC combination will be
(a) 0v (b) 100 V (c) 200V (d) 300 V
30. In an L-C-R circuit, capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For the resonant frequency to remain
unchanged, the inductance should be changed from L to ………. .
𝐿 𝐿
(a) 4L (b) 2L (c) 2 (d) 4
31. The output of a step-down transformer is measured to be 24 V, when connected to a 12 W light bulb.
The value of the peak current is
(a) (1/ 2)A (b) 2A (c) 2A (d) 2 2 A
32. Which of the following statements(s) is/are incorrect with respect to tuning circuit?
(a) The antenna of a radio accepts signals from many broadcasting stations.
(b) To hear one particular radio station, radio is tuned to a particular frequency.
(c) The signals picked up in the antenna acts as a source in the tuning circuit of the radio, so the
circuit can be driven at only one frequency.
(d) In tuning, we vary the capacitance of a capacitor in the tuning circuit such that the resonant
frequency of the circuit becomes nearly equal to the frequency of the radio signal received.
33. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about capacitor?
𝜋
(a) The current ina capacitive circuit is 𝑖 = 𝑖𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 − 2 . where, the amplitude of the oscillating
𝑉
𝑚
current is 𝑖𝑚 = 𝜔𝐶
1
(b) For a purely capacitive circuit plays the role of resistance. It is called capacitive reactance
𝜔𝐶
1
and denoted by 𝑋𝐶 = 𝜔𝐶
(c) The current reaches its maximum value earlier than the voltage by one-fourth of a period.
𝑖 𝑚 𝑉𝑚
(d) In case of a capacitor, the average power, 𝑃𝑐 = sin 2𝜔𝑡 = 0Since, <sin (2ωt)>=0 over a
2
complete cycle.
34. In an AC series L-C-R circuit, applied voltage is
V={100 2 sin (ωt + 450)} V
Given that, R= 30 Ω, XL =50 Ω and XC =10 Ω.
Now match the following two columns.
Column I Column II
A. Current in the circuit p. 120 SI units
B. Power dissipated in the circuit q. 60 SI units
C. Potential difference across resistance r. 2 SI units
D. Potential difference across inductance s. None

Codes
A B C D A B C D
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(a) p q r s (b) r p q s
(c) p r s q (d) q s r p
35. Match the Column I(AC circuit condition) with Column II (power dissipation) and select the correct
answer from the codes given below.
Column I Column II
A. Resistive circuit p. No power dissipation
B. Purely inductive or capacitive circuit q. Maximum power dissipation because of XC =
XL
C. L-C-R series circuit r. Power dissipated only in the resistor
D. Power dissipated at resonance in L-C-R s. Maximum power dissipation
circuit
Codes
A B C D A B C D
(a) p q s r (b) s p r q
(c) r p s q (d) q p r s

Assertion/Reasoning MCQs
Forquestion numbers 36 to 48, two statements are given-one labelled
Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) are as
given below
(a) Both A and Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true butR is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
36. Assertion Average value of current in half the cycle of an AC circuit cannot be zero.
𝑖
Reason For positive half cycle average value of current is 𝜋0 , where 𝑖0 is the peak value current.
37. Assertion The alternating current lag behind the emf by a phase angle of π/2, when AC flows
through an inductor.
Reason The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of AC source decreases.
38. Assertion Inductive reactance of an inductor in DC circuit is zero.
Reason Angular frequency of DC circuit is zero.
39. Assertion If an inductor coil is connected to DC source, the current supplied by it is I1. If the same
coil is connected with an AC source of same voltage. Then, current is I2. Then, I2<I1.
ReasonIn AC circuit, inductor coil offers more resistance.
40. Assertion When the capacitor is connected to an AC source, it limits or regulates the current, but
does not completely prevent the flow of charge.
Reason The capacitor is alternately charged and discharged as the current reverses each half-cycle.
41. Assertion Capacitor serves as a barrier for DC and offers an easy path to AC.
Reason Capacitive reactance is directly proportional to frequency.
42. Assertion In series, L-C-R circuit, voltage across capacitor is always less than the applied voltage.
Reason In series L-C-R circuit, V = 𝑉 2 + 𝑉𝐿 + 𝑉𝐶 2
43. Assertion IfXC>XL, ϕ is positive and the circuit is predominantly capacitive. The current in the
circuit leads the source voltage.
Reason IfXC< XL, ϕ is negative and the circuit is predominantly inductive. The current in the circuit
lags the source voltage.
44. Assertion Resonance phenomenon is exhibited by a circuit only, if both L and Care present in the
circuit.
Reason Voltage across L & C does not cancel each other and the current amplitude is Vm /R, the
total source voltage appearing across R causes resonance.
45. Assertion Average power in an AC circuit is given by P= I2rms R.
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Reason In one full cycle, net power is dissipated not only in a resistor.
46. Assertion At resonance, power of L-C- R series circuit is zero.
Reason At resonance, XC>XL.
47. Assertion A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in an AC circuit in place of the choke coil.
Reason A capacitor blocks DC and allows AC only.
48. Assertion AC generator works on the principle of self induction.
Reason Magnetic flux linked with armature coil during rotation is zero always.

Case Based MCQs

Direction Answer the questions from 49-53 on the following case.
Electrical Resonance
Electrical resonance is said to take place in a series L-C-R circuit when the circuit allows maximum
current for a given frequency of the source of alternating supply for which capacitive reactance
becomes equal to the inductive reactance. Impedance of this L-C-R circuit is minimum and hence
current is maximum.
Resonant circuits are used to respond selectively to signals of a given frequency while discriminating
against signals of different frequencies. If the response of the circuit is more narrowly peaked around
the chosen frequency, we say that the circuit has higher “selectivity or sharpness”. This sharpness is
measures with the help of Q-factor.
49. Bandwidth of the resonant L-C-R circuit is
𝑅 𝑅 2𝑅 4𝑅
(a) 𝐿 (b)2𝐿 (c) 𝐿 (d) 𝐿
50. To reduce the resonant frequency in an L-C-R series circuit with a generator
(a) the generator frequency should be reduced
(b) another capacitor should be added in parallel to the first
(c) the iron core of the inductor should be removed
(d) dielectric in the capacitor should be removed
51. In a series L-C-R circuit, the capacitance Cis changed to 4C. To keep the resonant frequency same,
the inductance must be changed by
(a) 2 L (b) L/2 (c) 4L (d) L/4
52. In non-resonant circuit, what will be the nature of circuit for frequencies higher than the resonant
frequency?
(a) Resistive (b) Capacitive (c) Inductive (d) None of these
53. Figure shows a series L-C-R circuit, connected to a variable frequency 200 V source. C=80 μF and
R= 40 Ω. The source frequency which drives the circuit at resonance is

25 50
(a) 25 Hz (b) Hz (c) 50 Hz (d) Hz
𝜋 𝜋
Direction Answer the questions from 54-58 on the following case.
L-C Oscillations
When a capacitor is supplied with an AC circuit, it gets charged.

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When this charged capacitor is connected with an inductor, current flows through inductor, giving
rise to magnetic flux. Hence, induced emf is produced in the circuit. Due to this, the charge on the
capacitor decreases and an equivalent amount of energy is stored in the inductor in the form of
magnetic field.
54. An AC circuit contains a capacitor of capacitance 10-6 F and an inductor of inductance 10-4H. The
frequency of electrical oscillations will be
10 5 10
(a)105 Hz (b) 10 Hz (c) Hz (d) 2𝜋 Hz
2𝜋
55. The physical quantity that has same dimension as that of 𝐿𝐶is
(a) length (b) mass (c) resistance (d) time period
56. In an L-C circuit, angular frequency at resonance is ω. What will be the new frequency when
inductor's inductance is made two times and capacitor's capacitance is made four times?
𝜔 𝜔 2𝜔
(a)2 2 (b) 2 (c)2𝜔 (d) 2
57. The energy stored in between capacitor and inductor is given by
1 1 𝑞2
(a) 2 𝐿𝑙 2 (b) 2 (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
𝐶
58. A capacitor of 1 μF is charged with 0.01C of charge. The energy stored in it is
(a) 50 J (b) 100 J (c) 10 J (d) 150 J
Direction Answer the questions from 59-63 on the following case.
AC generator
An AC generator produces electrical energy from mechanical work, just the opposite of what a motor
does. In it, a shaft is rotated by some mechanical means, such as an engine or a turbine starts working
and an emf is induced in the coil.
It is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction which states that whenever magnetic
flux linked with a conductor (or coil) changes, an emf is induced in the coil.

59. Which method is used to induce an emf or current in a loop in AC generator?

(a) A change in the loop's orientation
(b) A change in its effective area
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
60. When the coil is rotated with a constant angular speed ω, then the angle θ between the magnetic field
vector B and the area vector A of the coil at any instant t, is
(a)𝜃 = 𝐴𝐵 (b) 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑡 (c)𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡 (d) 𝜃 = 𝐵𝑡
61. The change of flux is greatest at θ is equal to take, ϕB= NBA cos ωt)
(a) 900, 2700 (b) 900, 450 (c) 600,90° (d) 1800, 900
62. The graph below shows the voltage output plotted against time.
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Which point on the graph shows that the coil is in a vertical position?

(a) P (b) 0 (c) R (d) S

63. An AC generator consists of a coil of 1000 turns and cross-sectional area of 100 cm2, rotating at an
angular speed of 100 rpm in a uniform magnetic field of 3.6 × 10-2 T. The maximum emfproduced in
the coil is
(a) 1.77 V (b) 2.77 V (c) 3.77 V (d) 4.77 V

Direction Answer the questions from 64-68 on the following case.

The Transformer
Transformer is a device, which is used to increase or decrease the alternating voltage. The
transformers are of the following types
(i) Step-up transformer
(ii) Step-down transformer

Transformer is based upon the principle of mutual induction. It consists of two coils, primary coil (p)
and secondary coil (s), insulated from each other wounded on soft iron core.
Often the primary coil is the input coil and secondary coil is the output coil. These soft iron cores are
laminated to minimise eddy current loss.
64. What is not possible in a transformer?
(a) Eddy current (b) Direct current (c) Alternating current (d) Induced current
65. Which quantities do not change during transformer operation?
(a) Power (b) Frequency (c) Voltage (d) Both (a) and (b)
66. A transformer has 150 turns in its primary and 1000 in secondary. If the primary is connected to 440
V DC supply, what will be the induced voltage in the secondary side?
(a) 10 V (b) 3V (c) 5V (d) Zero
67. The ratio of secondary to primary turns in an ideal transformer is 4:5. If power input is P, then the
ratio of power output to power input is
(a) 4:9 (b) 9 : 4 (c) 5:4 (d) 1: 1
68. A power transmission line feeds input power at 2300 V to a step-down transformer with its primary
windings having 4000 turns. What should be the number of turns in the secondary in order to get
output power at 230 V?
(a) 600 (b) 550 (c) 400 (d) 375

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