Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

i) A current carrying wire produces a magnetic field

of its own. This was first observed by Oersted.
ii) When current is flowing through a conductor, only
magnetic field is produced around it, which is non
conservative.
iii) The direction of magnetic lines of force due to straight
current carrying conductor will be concentric circles
around the conductor in a plane which is always
perpendicular to the length of the conductor. The direction of magnetic field for current carrying
The direction of magnetic field can be found by using conductor is as given below.
i) Ampere’s Swimming Rule:
P Q P Q
Imagine a person swimming along a current carrying
i i
wire in the direction of the current facing a magnetic
needle below the wire, then the magnetic north pole
of the needle deflects towards his left hand.
indicates B into the plane of paper
A B indicates B out of the plane of paper
N iii) Maxwell’s cork screw rule:
H Imagine a right handed cork screw advancing in
L the direction of current, then the direction of rotation
S of the screw head gives the direction of magnetic
lines of force,
i

ii) Ampere’s Right Hand Thumb Rule:

When a straight conductor carrying current is held
in the right hand such that the thumb is pointing along
the direction of current, then the direction in which
fingers curl round it gives the direction of magnetic
lines of force. B

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 3

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

Ampere’s Circuital Law: in few special symmetric cases it is easy to perform

STATEMENT : path integral using ampere’s law.
The line integral of the magnetic induction field (B) d) Ampere’s circuital law is applicable for conductors
along any closed path in air (or) vacuum is equal to carrying steady current.
0 times the net current across the area bounded e) Ampere’s circuital law is analogous to Gauss law.
by this path. f) Ampere’s circuital law is not independent of Biot-
Savart’s law. It can be derived from Biot-Savart’s

B i7 law. Its relation with Biot-Savart’s Law is similar
to the relation between Gauss Law and Coulomb’s
 i6 i5 Law in electrostatics.
  dl EX. 1: Eight wires cut the page perpendicular to
 [Link]  0inet
O i2
i4 the points shown. Each wire carries current
i1
i3 i0 . Odd currents are out of the page and even
current into the page. Find the line integral
Consider a closed plane curve as shown in figure.  

dl is a small length element on the curve. Let B
  [Link] along the loop.
 Sol. According to Ampere’s, circuital law
be the resultant magnetic field at the position of dl .  
 
If the scalar product [Link] is integrated by varying  [Link]  0ienclosed
 
 [Link]  0 i8  i5  i2  i4 

dl on the closed curve it is called line integral of
  
B along the curve and it is represented by   [Link]
The rule for deciding whether an enclosed 5 4
2
current is positive or negative : The fingers of
8 6
the right hand are to be taken in the direction of 1
3 7
integration around the path. If a current pierces
the membrane stretched across the area in the since, all the wires carry same current of i0 , we
direction of the thumb, then it is positive current. If  
the current pierces the membrane in the opposite have  [Link]  2  0i0 .
direction, then it is negative.
For the above closed path Intensity Of Magnetic Induction (B) Near A
Long Straight Conductor :
 [Link]   (i  i
0 1 2  i3  i4  i6 )
Consider an infinitely long wire carrying current i
Points to remember regarding Ampere’s Law
a) The line integral does not depend on the shape of as shown in figure. P is a point at a perpendicular
the closed path or on the position of the current distance r from the conductor. The magnetic
carrying wire in the loop. induction field produced by the conductor is radially
b) If a conductor carrying current is outside the closed symmetric i.e., magnetic lines of force are concentric
path, the line integral of B due to that conductor is
zero i.e., we need not consider the currents that do circles centred at the conductor. The tangent drawn
not pierce the area of the closed path. to the line of force at any point gives the direction
 
c) Ampere’s circuital law is always true no matter how of magnetic induction field B at that point. dl is a
distorted the path or how complicated may be the small element on the circle of radius r and angle
magnetic field. In most cases even though Ampere’s  
circuital law is true it is inconvenient because it is between B and dl is 00 every where on this path.
impossible to perform the path integral. However From Ampere’s circuital law

4 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
b) is directly proportional to the length ( dl ) of
 the element i.e., dB dl  (ii )
dl
c) is directly proportional to the sine of the angle
P r ( ) between length of the element and the line

B joining the element to the point P.
  dB sin   (iii )
 [Link]  0i  Bdl cos 0 0i
0
d) is inversely proportional to the square of the
distance (r) of the point from the element.
0i
 dl 0i
B B (2 r )  0i  B  1
2 r dB 2  (iv)
Here r must be much less than the length of r
conductor.  If the conductor is in vacuum (or) air then
Magnetic induction at any point along the axis 0 idl sin 
of ocnductor is zero. dB 
4 r2
Magnetic Field Due To a Current Element - Biot- 0
Savart Law :  Here is the proportionality constant and 0 is
4
All magnetic fields are due to currents (or moving called as permeability of free space or air.
charges ) and due to intrinsic magnetic moments of
The value of 0 is 4 107 tesla  m / A
particles. Here, the relation between current and
the magnetic field produced by the current is given  The above equation gives the magnitude of the
by the Biot-Savart’s law. magnetic field produced due to small current
Biot and Savart conducted several experiments and element at a distance ‘r’ from it.
established the relation between magnetic induction  If current flows in the direction as shown in the
 figure, the direction of dB at P is directed
 
B and current(i). perpendicular to the plane of the paper in the inward
direction.
B  In vector form the above equation can be written

  idl  r
 P dB  0

4 r 3
r  The resultant field at P due to the entire conductor

Q dl can be obtained by integrating the above equation.
 
B
0i dl  r
i B
4 r 3
A A

The above figure shows a finite conductor AB Magnetic Field Due To A Straight Current
carrying current ‘i’. Consider an infinitesimal element Carrying Wire :
  Consider a straight conductor carrying current ‘i’.
dl of the conductor. The magnetic field dB due to Let ‘P’ be a point at a perpendicular distance ‘d’
this element is to be determined at point ‘P’ which is from the conductor.
at a distance ‘r’ from it. Let  be the angle between Let ‘dy’ be a small current element at a distance
 
idl and the radius vector r . ‘r’ from ‘P’.
According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnitude of  According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnetic
magnetic induction dB. induction at P due to the small element is
a) is directly proportional to the current(i) flowing  idy sin 
dB  0
through the element i.e., dB i  (i ) 4 r2

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 5

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

 As every element of the wire contributes to B in antiparallel i.e.   0 (or ) 
the same direction, the magnetic induction due to  B  
 
the entire conductor is so dl  r  0 and hence B   dB  0
 0 i [Link]  A
B   dB 
4  r 2
ii) If a point is at a perpendicular distance d from the
wire then the magnetic field B varies inversely with
i distance d.
B

d 
L   P
y 
dy r 1
B
d
d
tan   y / d
y  d tan   dy  d (sec 2  ) d  iii) If the wire is of finite length ‘L’ and the point is on
its perpendicular bisector, at a distance ‘d’ from
r
 sec  r  d sec  the wire, i.e   
d
0 2i L
 i d (sec 2  ).d  sin(90 0   ) B sin  with sin  
B 0  4 d L2  4d 2
4 d 2 sec 2 
iv) If wire is of infinite length and the point P lies at a
   (90   )  distance ‘d’ from the wire which is at a large
distance from its ends as shown in figure,
 0 i  d (sec 2  ) d  cos      /2
4 
B
d 2 sec 2 

i 
B 0
4 d  cos  d d 
 i

P i d 

(   is taken because the angle is measured anti

clockwise ) A
 0i 0 i  2i 0i
B (sin   sin  ) B (2)  0 
4 d 4 d 4 d 2 d
Similary B is given as v) At a point away from the conductor and near the
1 edge of conductor
i
d 0 i
  900 ,   00 B  i  =900
4 d
d
2 vi)a)Magnetic induction at the centre of current carrying
wire bent in the form of square of side ‘a’ is
0i
B cos 1  cos  2 
4 d
Special Cases : Bnet  4 Bside
i) If the point is along the length of the wire (but not on
 
it then as dl and r will be either parallel (or)

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Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

0 i
 [Link] cos 0  0i ,
0 '
Bnet  4  (sin 450  sin 450 ) b) At apoint outside the wire(r>R) 
4 a / 2
Where i ' = i because the amperian encloses total
 i  current or
B 8 2 0  
 4 a 
b) Magnetic induction at the centroid of current carrying  dl   0 i
B (or) B 2 r   0 i
wire bent in the form of equilateral triangle of side 0i 1
B ; r  R B
‘a’ is 2 r r
c) B varies linearly inside the conductor and
hyperbolically outside the conductor.
Bnet  3B eachside

B B r B  1/r
 i
Bnet  3 0  (sin 600  sin 600 )
4 r
 a  O r=R r
 where r   Magnetic induction is maximum at the periphery
 2 3
of the wire
 0i 
B  18 d) The variation of B as the function of radial distance
4 a
r due to a hollow cylinder carrying a current i0 .
c) Magnetic induction at the centre of current carrying wire
bent in the form of hexagon of side ‘a’ is given by i0
Bnet  6 B eachside a
r
Here     300
i b
B4 3 0
4 a Taking a circular amperian loop of radius r(>a)
The Magnetic Field due to a long straight and applying ACL,
 
Current Carrying Conductor.  [Link]  0i; B 2 r  0i,
a) Taking a circular ampere loop centered to the wire
of radius r<R. To find B inside the conductor using i0
Where i  . (r 2  a 2 )
ampere’s circuital law (ACL), we have  (b  a )
22

 
 [Link]  0i ,
'
i0 (r 2  a 2 )
B 
Here i  J . r
' 2 dl b2  a 2
i 0i0 (r 2  a 2 )
Where J  then B  ar b
 R2 R 2 (b 2  a 2 )r
     2
Bdl cos 0 0 J r B=0 for r  a (as because i=0)
 dl  0 J  r 0i0
2
or B 
for r  b B
2 r
or B 2 r  0 J  r 2
e) For thin hollow cylinder
0 J  0i
(or) B  r; rR i) Binside  0 ii) Bsurface  r  R
2 2 R
B r
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 7
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

0i EX. 3: If a straight conductor of length 40cm bent in

iii) Boutside 
2 r
r  R the form of a square and the current 2A is allowed
to pass through square, then find the magnetic
B induction at the centre of the square loop
Sol.
 0i I
2r

r=R r
WORKDONE : Bnet  4 Bside
f) Work done to move a unit north pole through a 450
small distance dl’ along the tangent at a distance
‘r’ away from current carrying conductor
  0 I
 dw  F .dl Bnet  4  (sin 450  sin 450 )
   4 L / 2
F  mB  B ( m  1)
    0 I  8 2I
but dw  F .dl  dw  [Link]  4X  ( 2)  0
4 L / 2 4 L
Total work done in moving it once around the
 10 7  8 2  2  10  16 2 T
conductor. W    dw EX. 4: If a thin uniform wire of length 1m is bent
 
W   [Link] into an equilateral traiangle and crries a
But from Ampere’s circuital law current of 3A in anitclockwise direction, find
 
the net magnetic induction at the centroid
 [Link]  0i  W  0 i
If a pole of strength ‘m’ is rotated for ‘n’ times Sol. Bnet  3Beachside
around the current carrying conductor, then the 0 I
work done is Bnet  3  (sin 60 0  sin 600 )
4 r
W  0i  nm A
Here W  0, the magnetic field produced by
crrent carrying conductor is a non- I
conservative field.  a 
EX. 2: Find the magnetic induction due to a straight  r  
 2 3
conductor of length 16cm carrying current of 600 600
5A at a distance of 6cm from the midpoint of B C
conductor. 0 I
 3 (2 sin 60 0 )
Sol. 4 r

8cm 10cm  0 I (2 3) 3  I
 3 2  18 0
0 I 6cm  4 a 2 4 a
P
B (sin   sin  ) 
4 r 8cm 3
10cm B  18  10 7   54 3  10 7 T
1/ 3
8 4 EX. 5: A large straight current carrying conductor
but sin    
10 5 is bent in the form of L shape. Find B at P..
5 4 Sol. Let us divide the conductor into two semi infinite
B  10 7   2
6  10 2
5 segments 1 and 2. Then, induction at P is

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Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

y
x 900
1

a P
d
450
1 a
2 2 P
   0 I   
B  B1  B 2 ..i
Sol. Bnet  2   sin  sin 
4 r  2 4
 i
B1  0 (sin(900  1 )  sin 900 )k ..ii
4 a d
here r 
 i 2
B2  0 (sin(900  2 )  sin 900 )k ..iii
4 a 0 I  1 
Bnet  1  
  i 2 d  2
then B 
0
(cos 1  cos  2  2)k ,
4 a EX. 8: A pair of stationary and infinitely long bent
1 wires are placed in the x-y plane as shown in
where cos 1  cos  2  figure. The wires carry current of 10 ampere
2
each as shown. The segment L and M are
  ik along the x-axis. The segment P and Q are
Hence, B  (2  2) 0 parallel to the Y-axis such that OS = OR =
4 a
0.02m. Find the magnitude and direction of
EX. 6: Infinite number of straight wires each carrying
the magnetic induction at the origion O.
current I are equally placed as shown in the
Q
figure. Adjacent wires have current in opposite
direction. Find net magnetic field at point P ?
I
 I R O
a y L M
S I
a 0 M I
30
P 01 2 3 4 5
x
30

z P
Sol. Since point O is along the length of segment L and
M the field at O due to these two segments will be
zero
0I 0  1 1 1 1 
Sol. Bnet  (sin30 sin30 )k     .....
0
 Magnetic field at O is due to QS and RP..
4 d 2d 3d 4d 
 I 10
 BSQ  0   10 7  
 3a  4 OS 0.02
 Where d  a cos 30  
 2   I 10
BRP  0   10 7  
4 OR 0.02
0 I   1 1 1 
 Bnet  k 1     .....  10
2 3 a  2 3 4   B0  BSQ  BRP  10 7   2  104 T 
0.02
0 I  I In 4 EX. 9: An equilateral triangle of side length l is formed
 In2k  0 k
2 3 a 4 3a from a piece of wire of uniform resistance. The
EX. 7: Find the magnetic field at P due to the current I is as shown in figure. Find the magnitude
arrangement shown of the magnetic field at its centre O.
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 9
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

Q due to loop AFEBA, along k . Magnitude of

O magnetic field due to both the loops will be equal.
There fore, direction of resultant magnetic field at
1  
P R P will be (i  k ) .
2
I I
Magnetic Field At The Centre Of A Circular
Sol. The magnetic field induction at O due to current Coil Carrying Current
through PR is Consider a circular coil of radius R carrying a
 0 2l / 3 current i in clockwise direction. Consider any small
B1  sin 300  sin 300  element dl of the wire. The magnetic field at the
4 r 
centre O due to the current element idl is
 2l  
 0  (directed outside) 0 idl  R
4 3r dB 
The magnetic field induction at O due to current 4 R 3
through PQR is dl
 0 (l / 3) R 900
B2  2   sin 30 0  sin 30 0 
4 r
O
 2l
 0  (directed inside)
4 3r

 Resultant magnetic induction at O Where R is the vector joining the element to the
 B1  B2  0 centre O. The direction of this field is perpendicular
EX. 10: A non planar loop of conducting wire to the plane of the diagram and is going into it.
carrying a current I is placed as shown in the 0 idl
figure each of the straight sections of the loop The magnitude of the magnetic field is dB 
4 R 2
is of length 2a. Find the direction of magnetic As the fields due to all such elements have the same
field due to this loop at the point P (a,0,a) direction, the net field is also in this direction. It
z can, therefore, be obtained by integrating equation
y i) under proper limits. Thus,
0i
B   dB   dl
4 R 2
x If the coil has N turns  dl  2 RN
Sol. The magnetic field at P (a,0,a) due to the loop is 0i i  iN
2 
equal to the vector sum of the magnetic fields =B  dl  0 2  2 RN  0 
4 R 4 R 2R
produced by loops ABCDA and AFEBA as shown If the current is in clock wise direction, then the
in the figure magnetic field produced is normally inwards and
k̂
C the face of the coil behaves as south pole.
î
S
P(a,0,a)
D B E
If the current is in anti clock wise direction, then
A F the magnetic field produced is normally outwards
and the face of the coil behaves as north pole.
Magnetic field due to ABCDA will be along i and

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Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

0 iR
N 
4 r 3 
dl

for a loop  dl  2 R and as r 3  ( x 2  R 2 )3/2

Field At An Axial Point Of A Circular Loop :
0 2 iR 2 0iR 2
B 
idl  dBcos  4 ( x 2  R 2 )3 / 2 2( x 2  R 2 )3/ 2
dB
R
r  The direction of magnetic field B is along the axis

O P
dBsin  of the loop.
i) The magnetic field B varies non linearly with
x dB distance x from centre as shown in figure.

Consider a circular poop of radius R, carrying

current in in yz plane with centre at origin O. Let P
be a point on the axis of the loop at a distance ‘x’
from the centre ‘O’ of the loop.
Consider a conducting element dl of loop.
According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnitude of
magnetic field due to the current element is x=0 x
 
 idl r
dB  0 where r  x 2  R 2 For a coil having N turns,  dl  2 RN
4 r 3
Here the element dl is in yz plane where as the 0 NiR 2
so, B  .
displacement vector r from dl to the point p is in 2( x 2  R 2 )3/ 2
  It is maximum when x 2  0 , i.e., at the centre of
xy plane. So idl  r  idl  r
the coil whose value is given by
  idl  r  idl
dB  0  0 2 0 2 NI  0 Ni
4 r 3
4 r B 
4 R 2R

The direction of dB is perpendicular to the plane
P P
formed by r and dl .
In case of a point P on the axis of circular coil, for B B
every current element ‘idl’ there is a symmetrically
situated opposite element. The componenet of the ii) if x  R
field dB perpendicular to the axis cancel each other
0 2 NIR 2 0 2 NIA
while component of the field dB along the axis add B 
up and contributes to the net magnetic field. 4 x3 4 x3
 0 idl sin  Where A   R 2 , area of the coil.
i.e., B   dB sin  
4  r 2
sin 
Field between two similar coaxial circular
 
Here angle  between the element dl and r is loops
 / 2 every where and r is same for all elements Let us consider two loops, each having N turns
and also sin   ( R / r ) so, and carrying current i are place at a distance 2d
apart.
0 idl sin  0 idl sin 900 R
4  r 2 4 
B sin  
r2 r
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 11
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
5/2
B  2 xd 
 0i
 
5/2
B  a2  d 2 1  2 
2a  
a  d2  

 5 xd 
 
5/2
 a2  d 2 1  2 
 
a  d2  

2 xd
  1
 a d2
2

Similarly
 5 xd 
 
5/2 5/ 2
a 2   d  x 2  1  2
 a2  d 2 
i a a    a  d2   
P i Substituting these value in equation (i), we got
O  5 xd   5 xd 
 d  x   1     d  x  1  2 2 
x1 x2  2

a  d 
2
  a d   

2d 5d 2
 1, d  a / 2, or a  2d
Assuming the current is flowing in the same direction 
a2  d 2 
in each coil, the magnetic field at a short distance x  
from midway point O.  
   Nia 2 
0 Nia 2  1 1  B  2 0 3/2 
B  and 2  2  a 2  
 
2  a 2  x 2 3/2
1  2

a  x2 2 3/2 
   a     
 2   
 
 
 0 Nia 2  1 1  8 0 Ni
  3/2
 3/2  B
2
  a   d  x    a 2   d  x 2  
2
2
5 5a
  
dB B B
The field will be uniform between the loops, if =0
dx
i.e,
 
0 Nia 2   d  x  d  x 
  3 5/2
3 5/2 
0 r O r
2 a2   d  x  
2
a2   d  x   
2
     
5/2
  d  x  a2   d  x   Circular Current Loop As Magnetic Dipole :
2
 
0 2 NIA
  d  x  a2   d  x  
2 5/2
......(i) From the above expression B 
  4 x 3
Now o 2M
Comparing with B 
2 5/2
a 2   d  x     a 2  d 2  x 2  2 xd 
5/2
4 x3
  a) Magnetic moment of the circular current carrying
5/2
  a  d  x  2 xd 
2 2 2
[since x is small, so coil is M = NiA;
b) M is independent of shape of the coil
neglecting x2]
12 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM
Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
 Current loop behaves like a magnetic dipole with   900
poles on either side of its face and it is known as
0 i
“magnetic shell”. Magnetic induction at the centre B  
8R
c) SI unit of magnetic moment (M) is A  m 2 and
iii) If B0 is magnetic induction at the centre of a circular
dimensional formula is IL2 .
current carrying coil of radius R having N turns
d) Magnetic moment of a curent loop is a vector
perpendicular to the plane of the loop and the and BA is magnetic induction at a point on the axis
direction is given by right hand thumb rule. of it at a distance x from centre then
Magnetic Dipole Moment of a Revolving B0
BA  3/2
Electron:  x2 
1  2 
Consider an electron revolving in a circular path of  R 
radius r around a nucleus with uniform speed v. 0 Ni 0 NiR 2
The current in the orbit is Proof : B0  and BA 
2R 2( R 2  x 2 )3/2
e e ev 0 Ni B0
i    BA   BA 
T 2 r / v 2 r  x  2 3/2
 x2 
3/2

Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron is 2 R 1  2  1  2 

 R   R 
ev evr
  iA   r2   3x2 
2 r 2 B A  B 0 1  2
Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron in  2R 
the first orbit of hydrogen atom is called Bohr iv) If a particle of charge q moves in a circular path of
radius r with a velocity v, then the magnetic
magneton (  ) .
induction at the centre of circular loop
From Bohr second postulates, for an electron
revolving in first orbit of hydrogen atom. i  qv  qv
B 0  0  0 2
h 2 r 2 r 2 r 4 r
me vr  ( n  1) If f is the frequency of rotation
2
Where h = Planck’s constant, me  mass of electron 
B  0  qf
2r
evr e h eh
   If  is the angular velocity, then
2 2 2 m e 4 me
 q  0 q
e B 0 
(  )min  h 2 r 2 4 r
4 me v) A charge ‘q’ is moving with a velocity of ‘v’. Then
19
1.60 10  6.63  10 34
24
the expression of magnetic induction due to this
  9.27  10 Am 2

4  3.14  9.11 1031 charge at a position vector r from the charge is

This value is called the . Bohr magneton. Biot - Savart Law for a current element is
Special cases :  
  i dl  r
i) For an arc shaped conductor carrying current dB  0 3
subtending an angle  at the centre. 4 r
i If a charged particle of charge q and undergoes a

0 i   q
B   displacement dl during a time dt put i  .
2 R 2
R   dt
  qdl  v 
o or idl  r  r
dt dB
0i dl
 Magnetic induction at the centre B  
Putting v
4 R   dt 
idl  r  q (v  r ) r
ii) For a quadrant circular wire carrying current. q
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 13
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
 
  q (v  r )
Using the above equations, d B  0 i
. 0  
4 r 3 2
B2      Bnet at O  Zero
vi) a)When a wire of length ‘l’ carrying current ‘i’ is bent 4R
in a circular loop of ‘n’ turns then the magnetic c) To a circular wire, two straight wires are
induction at the centre of the loop is attached as shown. When current is passed
 ni   n2i through it the magnetic field at the centre.
B 0  0 ( n  2 r  l )
2r l
b) The same wire of length ‘l’ carrying current ‘i’ is 0i i
B1   1
first bent into a circular coil with n1 turns and then 4 r
r
into another circular coil with n2 turns. If B1 , B2 2 i/2
i
0   3
are magnetic inductions at their centres in the two  2
cases, then B2   i/2
4R 4 i
2
B1  n1  i
c)   0  
B2  n2  2
B3    
d)If r1 and r2 are radii of turns of the coil in the 4R
above case, then ratio of magnetic induction is i     
B4  0  B net  B1  B 2  B3  B 4
2 4 r
B1  r2  i
  Bnet  0 
B2  r1  2 r
e) If two circular coils are connected in series, then d) The upper and lower halves of the ring have
the ratio of magnetic induction at their centres is resistances R1 and R2 . Two straight wires are
B1  n1   r2  connected to it as shown. The magnetic induction
   
B2  n2   r1  at the centre of the ring is
f) If the two coils are made up of same wire and i
B1  B3  0 B2  0 2 
connected in parallel, then the ratio of the magnetic 4r
2 R1
B1  r2 
induction at their centres is   . i2 2
B2  r1  3
1 r
vii) a) For semi circular wire carrying current. i
4
i4
  1800
R2 i
0i 0i4
Magnetic induction at the centre B   B4  
4R 4r
b) To a circular wire, two straight wires are attached Since R1 and R2 are parallel to each other
as shown. When current is passed through it the
i
magnetic field at the centre is zero. i2 R1  i4 R2 ; i2   R2
R1  R2
i
0   i/2 i
2
  1 i4   R1
B1  R1  R2
4R i r i
3 4       0
B net  B1  B 2  B3  B 4 B net  4r (i2  i4 )
B3  B4  0
2 e) A straight current carrying conductor is held

14 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
vertically in earth’s magnetic field. It carries current
 
in the upward direction, then the direction of magnetic Sol: B  0 i  B  i  but i1  l2  2 
filed (B) due to it 4 r  i2 l1 1 
a) due north of the conductor is towards west
B  i B  
 1  1. 1  1  1  2 1
Bnet  B  BH .
2 2
B2 2 i2 B2 2 1
b) due west of the conductor is towards south EX. 13: Three rings, each having equal radius R,
Bnet  B  BH are placed mutuallly perpendicular to each
other and each having its centre at the origin
c) due south of the conductor is towards east
of coordinate system. If current I is flowing
Bnet  B  BH
2 2
. through each ring then find the magnitude of
N the magnetic filed at the common centre.
Sol. y
BH
B B
BH
i BH
W E x

BH
B z
B
B due to the ring lying in XY-plane is
S I
Bxy  0 along Z-axis.
EX. 11:A 2A current is flowing through a circular coil 2R
of radius 10cm containing 100 turns. Find the 0 I
magnetic flux density at the centre of the coil. B due to the ring lying in YZ-plane is B yz 
2R
 0i along X-axis and
Sol. B  N
2r 0 I
B due to the ring lying in XZ-plane is Bxz 
2  10 7  2 2R
 100  along Y-axis.
10  10 2
 I I
= 1.26  10 3Wb / m 2
2R

 B net  0 i  j  k  Bnet  3 0
2R
EX. 12: A cell is connected between the points A
EX. 14: Two wires are wrapped over a wooden
and C of a circular conductor ABCD of centre
cylinder to form two co-oxial loops carrying
O with angle AOC=600, If B1 and B2 are the
currents i1 and i2 . If i2  8i1 then find the value
magnitudes of the magnetic fields at O due to
of x for B=0 at the origin O.
the currents in ABC and ADC respectively, the
ratio B1/ B2 is

i1
i1 i2
B
0
300 O
O R
600
A C R
1A i2 D X

Sol. Magnetic induction at ‘O’ due to 1st loop

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 15
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
Sol. Let n = no. of turns per unit length along the radial
 0i1 R 2
B1  to left of spiral. Consider a ring of radii x and x + dx.
2( R 2  R 2 )3/2 [Link] turns in the ring = ndx.
Magnetic induction at ‘O’ due to 2nd loop. N
n
 0i2 R 2 (b  a )
B2  to right Magnetic field at the centre due to the ring is
2( R 2  R 2 )3/2
  0 (ndx )i
B1  B 2  0 dB 
2x
i1 i So net field
  2 1 2 3/ 2 and i  8i
2 3/2
(2 R ) (R  x ) 2 1 b
0 nidx 0 ni b dx
B   dB    
 x  7R a
2x 2 a
x
EX. 15: Two wires wrapped over a conical frame form 0 ni b 0 Ni b
the loops I and 2. If they produce no net magnetic or B  ln or B  ln
2 a 2(b  a ) a
filed at the apex P, Find the value of i1/i2.
4  10 7  100  8  10 3 10
P  ln .
2(10  5)  10 2 5
B  6.9  10 6 T
r1 1
i1 EX. 17: A plastic disc of radius ‘R’ has a chanrge
r2 2 ‘q’ uniformly distributed over its surface. If
i2 the disc is rotated with a frequency ‘f’ about
its axis, then the magnetic induction at the
Sol. Magnetic induction due to a loop at apex, centre of the disc is given by
0ir 2 0 di q
B (2 x )dx
2(r 2  x 2 )3/ 2 Sol. dB  , dq 
2x  R2
But r 2  x 2  i 2  (r 2  x 2 )3/2  l 3 where ‘ l ’ is
2qxdx
3 di  ( dq ) f  f
0i  r  R2
slant length B   
2r  l 
0 2qxdx R
0 [Link]
r dB  2
B (f)
But  s in  where  is apex angle, same for 2 xR 0
2R 2
l
both the loops 0 qf  0 qf
B 2
( R)  B 
i1 r1 R R
   B1  B2  
B1  B 2  0 (given) EX. 18:A charge of 1C is placed at one end of a non
i2 r2
conducting rod of length 0.6m. The rod is rotated
EX. 16: A thin insulated wire form a spiral of N=100 in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis passing
turns carrying a current of i=8mA. The inner through the other end of the rod with angular
and outer radii are equal to a=5cm and b=10cm. frequency104  rad/s. Find the magnetic field
Find the magnetic field at the centre of the coil. at a point on the axis of rotation at a distance of
0.8m from the centre of the path.
0ir 2 q
Sol. B  , i
2(r  x )
2 2 3/ 2
2

0 q r 2
B
4 (r 2  x 2 )3/2

16 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
EX. 19: Two circular coils made of same material 2
1 B r 
2
having radii 20 cm & 30 cm have turns 100 & a ) B 2 ; 1   2  3 9
=  
50 respectively. If they are connected r B2  r1  2 4
a) in series
b) in parallel V V
b) M  ni Acoil but i   Awire
c) separately across a source of emf find the R l
ratio of magnetic inductions at the centre of Va wire VA
circles in each case M  ( r 2 coil ); M  wire rcoil
 (2 rcoil ) X2
0 ni
Sol. a) B  M 1 r1 2
2r
 
coils are in series  i is same in both M 2 r2 3 .
n EX. 21: Figure shows a square current carrying
B
r 1
B1 100 30 loop ABCD of side 2m and current i  A.
   3 :1 2
B2 50 20 
The magnetic moment M of the loop is
b) coils are parallel  potential difference is same
Y
1
i B
R
 (n r ) C
Where R 
A 1
Where A is area of cross section of wire which is i A
2
same for both
A X
300
1
 R nr ; i
nr D
Z
 0 ni n 1 1
but B0   B   B 2 Sol. DA  2 cos 300 i  2sin 300 k  ( 3i  k )
2r r nr r
   
B  30  9
2 AB  2 j  M  i ( DA  AB )
 1   
B2  20  4 1 
 (  3i  k )  (2 j ) 
c) For the coils, potential difference is same 2 

1  ( n r )   3k  i  (i  3 k ) A  m2 .
i where R  ; R nr
R A EX. 22: If two charged particles each of charge q
1 1 B 9 mass m are connected to the ends of a rigid
I  B0 2  1 
nr r B2 4 massless rod and is rotated about an axis
EX. 20: Two circular coils are made from a uniform passing through the centre and  to length.
wire the ratio of radii of circular coils are 2:3 &
Then find the ratio of magnetic moment to
[Link] turns is 3:4. If they are connected in
parallel across a battery. angular momentum.
2
A : Find ratio of magnetic inductions at their q l
Sol. M  niA  2    
centres t 2
B : Find the ratio magnetic moments of q  l 2
q l 2
2 coils.  2  
2 4 4
Sol. When connected in parallel

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 17

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

 l 2  ml 2 dM=(idA)   dr ( r 2 )   r 3 dr
L  2(mr  )  2  m   
2
;
 4  2 a
 4
and M=  r dr 
2

M q 4
 .
0

L 2m a
q a 2 2

EX. 23: Find the magnetic dipole moment of the =M( a 2 ) 

4 4
spiral of total number of turns N, carrying The angular momentum of the disc about its axis
current i having inner and outer radii a and b ma 2
respectively. L 
2
M 4 q
 
The ratio L  ma
2
2m
2
Tangent Galvanometer
i) Tangent galvanometer works on the principle of
Tangent law i.e., B  BH Tan
Here B = Magnetic induction at the centre of the
Sol. Let us take a thin coil of thickness dr. Then the 0 ni
number of turns of the coil is current carrying coil 
2r
ii) It is a moving magnet type galvanometer
iii) During experiement, plane of the coil should be
along the magnetic meridian [to fulfill the
requirement of tangent law]
iii) current measured by Tangent galvanometer is
 2rBH 
i  Tan  KTan
N 
 0 n
dN  .dr
ba r = Radius of coil, K = reduction factor
the dipole moment of the coil is n = number of turns of coil
 Ndr   Ni b 2 iv) SI unit of reduction factor is ampere
b  a a
M  (dN )(i)( A)    (i)( r ) 
2
r dr v) Reading is more accurate when   450 since
ba 
 iN di 1
M (a 2  ab  b 2 ) . relative error  and it is minimum for 450
3 i sin 2
EX. 24: Consider a non conducting plate of radius vi) Sensitivity is maximum when   00 since
a and mass m which has a charge q distributed d ,
uniformly over it, The plate is rotated about its  cos 2 , which is maximum for   00
di
own axis with an angular speed  . Show that vii) Reduction factor K depends on horizontal
the magnetic moment M and the angular component of earth’s magnetic field.
momentum L of the plate are related as viii) T.G gives different readings at different places for
M q same current.
 .
L 2m ix) T.G cannot be used at magnetic poles, since
Sol. If  is the surface charge density, then q   a 2 BH  0 at magnetic poles.
Current i   r dr x) T.G is used to measure the current of the order of
The magnetic moment of the element ring 10 6 A.

18 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
EX. 25: A magnetic needle is arranged at the carrying a current i, uniformly wound round a
centre of a current carrying coil having 50 cylinder of radius a , then the number of turns in
turns with radius of coil 20cm arranged length dx is ndx. Thus the magnetic field at the axial
along magnetic meridian. When a current point P due to the element
of 0.5mA is allowed to pass through the coil
the deflection is observed to be 30 0. Find 0  ndx  i
dB 
2  a2  x2 
3/ 2
th e h ori zon tal compon ent of earth ’s
magnetic field
The direction of magnetic field is along the axis of
0 ni the solenoid and the sense of advance of a right
Sol. B  BH tan   BH
2r tan  handed screw. From geometry, we have

BH 
4  107  50  5 104  3  
x  a cot 1800     a cot 
2 101  1 and dx  a cosec 2 d 
 5 3  108 T  26.35  108 T  2.635  107 T 0 ni sin d 
dB 
2
Solenoid And Toroid :
2
Solenoid  ni
A solenoid is a wire wound in a closely spaced spiral B  0  sin d 
2 
over a hollow cylindrical non-conducting core. The 1

wire is coated with an insulating material so that the 0 ni

  cos 

adjacent turns physically touch each other, but they B 2

2 1

are electrically insulated

 0 ni
dN=ndx B  cos 1  cos 2 
2
Special cases:
Case 1 : Solenoid is of infinite length and the point chosen
is at the middle 1  0, 2  
solenoid  B   0 ni
dN
O2 1  0, 2  
a d 
O1
P

Case 2 : Solenoid is of inifinite length and the point is at

cut section of solenoid the end fo the solenoid 1   / 2,  2  
x  0 ni
dx B 
2
1   / 2,
2  
P

Toroid or Anchor Ring

If n is tha number of turns per unit length, each It is a solenoid of small radius bent round to form a

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 19

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
toroid. In an ideal toroid, the field is confined entirely  mg  0 nisolenoid  iwire Xl
within the core and is uniform. The value of magnetic
field at any point on the mean circumferential line is mg
isolenoid   108 A .
given by 0 niwirel
B   0 ni EX. 28: A toroid of non ferromagnetic has core of
If N is the total turns in the toroid, then inner radius 25cm and outer radius 26cm. It
has 3500 turns & carries a current of 11A, then
N
n find the magnetic field at a point
2 r i) In the internal cavity of toroid
ii) At the midpoint of the windings
iii)At a point which is at a distance of 30cm
from the centre of toroid
Sol. i) B = 0.
 0 ni 3500  11
R ii) B   2  10 7  2
2 r 51  10 2
B 88
  10 3  29.3  10 3 T
i 3
iii) B = 0
Based on magnetism for solenoid and toroid.
EX. 29: A solenoid of 2m long & 3cm diameter has
5 layers of winding of 500 turns per metre
length in each layer & carries a current of 5A.
Find intensity of magnetic field at the centre
 N  0 Ni of the solenoid.
 B  0   i or B 
 2 R  2 R Sol. For long solenoid at the centre
EX. 26: A solenoid of length 8cm has 100 turns in it. B  0 ni
If radius of coil is 3cm and if it is carrying a current B
of 2A, find the magnetic induction at a point 4cm H  ni  (500  2)5  5  2.5  10 4 A .
0 m
from the end on the axis of the solenoid.
Force Acting On A Charged Particle Moving
0 ni
Sol. B  (sin   sin  ) In A Uniform Magnetic Field:
2 
i) If charge +q is moving with velocity v , making an
4  10  100  2
7
4
  2   64 T angle  with the direction of field. force acting on
2 5   
EX. 27: A solenoid 60cm long and of radius 4.0cm the charge is, F  q (v  B )

has 3 layers of windings of 300 turns each. A Magnitude of force is F=Bqv Sin , direction of F is
2.0cm long wire of mass 2.5g lies inside the  
perpendicular to plane containing both v and B .
solenoid (near its centre) normal to its axis, both
the wire and the axis of the solenoid are in the ii) If   0 or 180 , then the force acting on the
0 0

horizontal plane. The wire is connected through particle is zero. And the particle keeps moving in
two leads parallel to the axis of the solenoid to the same path. i.e, undeviated.
an external battery which supplies a current of iii) If the charged particle enters normal to the magnetic
6.0A in the wire. What value of current (with field, the force acting on it is maximum. ie
appropriate sense of circulation) in the windings Fmax  Bqv
of the solenoid can support the weight of the iv) This force acts right angles to  and  . It acts as
B v
wire ? g=9.8 ms-2.
centripetal force and the path of particle will be
Sol. mg  Biwirel but B  0 nisolenoid circular.

20 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
Then the radius of the circular path is given by P  (v cos  )T
mv P mv 2
2 mv cos 
r r (from Bqv  ) P
Bq Bq r qB
Where p = momentum. xiii) Work done by the magnetic field on the charged
particle is zero.
v
v 
EX. 30: A magnetic field of 4.0 10 k T exerts
3

F  
a force 4.0i  3.0 j  10 10 N on a particle
having a charge 10 C and moving in the x-y
9

plane. Find the velocity of the particle.


r
2mK 
[Link] force Fm  4.0i  3.0 j 10 N
10

v) where K is kinetic energy of the
qB Let velocity of the particle in x-y plane be.
  
 
particle. 
v  v x i  v y j Then from the relation Fm  q v  B
vi) If charged particle is accelerated through a potential
difference of V volts before it enters into the magnetic
2mqV

We have 4.0i  3.0 j 10 
10

field normally then r  .
qB
vii) Speed, kinetic energy remains constant, but velocity,    
109  vx i  v y j  4  10 3 k 
 
acceleration, momentum and force are variable since
their directions are continuously changing. 
 4v y  1012 i  4vx 1012 j 
viii) The time period of rotation is
2 m comparing the coefficient of i and j we have,
2 r
T  T 
v qB 4 1010  4v y 1012
Bq
Angular frequency of rotation is    v y  102 m / s  100m / s and
m
 T and  are independent of v and r of charged 3.0  10 10  4vx  1012
particle. 
ix) When the particle enters the magnetic field at angle  vx  75m / s  v  75i  100 j
 1 C is projected
 with B ,(such that   00 ,  900 ,  1800 ), EX. 31: If a particle of charge 
then the path followed by the particle will be helical. 
into a magnetic field B  2i  y j  zk T with 
x) Radius of circular path of the helix is given by 
mv sin 

a velocity V  4i  2 j  6k ms 1 , then it 
r . passes undeviated. If it is now projected with
qB 
y a velocity V  i  j , then find the force
  experienced by it
 B p B Sol. Charged particle moves in a magnetic field
V V sin   
q,m  V undeviated when V is parallel or anti parallel to B
x Vx Vy Vz 4 2 6
z V cos     k;  
2 m Bx By Bz 2 y z
xi) Time period of rotation is T  y 1 z  3
qB

 
  
xii) Distance travelled by the particle along magnetic field
in one complete rotation or pitch of helix is given by
 B  2i  j  3k 
F  q V B 
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 21
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
i j k In this case, deviation q = 1800.
 Note: If particle moves for a time ‘t’ in the field,
F  106 1 1 0
then in such a case,
2 1 3
 Bq
F  106 i  3  j  3  k  1  q = wt . q= t
  m


F  10 3iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ N  19 N
6
 EX. 32: An  - particle is accelerated by a potential
difference of 10 4 V. Find the change in its
Deviation Of Charged Particle In Uniform direction of motion, if it enters normally in a
Magnetic Field: region of thickness 0.1 m having transverse
Case 1: Suppose a charged particle enters perpendicular magnetic induction of 0.1 tesla. ( Given : mass
to the uniform magnetic field if the magnetic field of  -particle 6.4  10 27 kg).
extends to a distance ‘x’ which is less than or equal
Sol. The situation is shown in Fig.
to radius of the path.
When a charged particle with charge q is accelerated
O through a potential difference V volt, then
1 2  2qV 
r v mv  qV .....(i) or v   ....(i)
2  m 
X  B
O

q R 
m V
xr 
mv 
In this case, r = q v
Bq
Angle of deviation ‘ q ’ can be determined by using l
x xqB
 - particle in magnetic field moves in a circle of
the formula sin q =  radius R which is given by
r mv
mv 1  2mV 
 xqB  R or R    ....(ii)
  sin  1
 qB B  q 
 mv 
The change in direction of  -particle ( ) from
The above relation can be used only when x £ r .
Case 2: For x > r, figure is given by
l  q 
qm Sin   lB  
R  2mV 
Here l  0.1m, B  0.1 tesla, V  10 4 volt
q  2e  2  1.6 X 1019  3.2  10 19 C
and m  6.4  10 27 kg
qm
x>r  3.2 1019  1
 sin   0.1  0.1   27 4 

 2  6.4  10  10  2
mv
In this case, r = , or   300 .
Bq

22 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
2
EX. 33: The magnetic field (B) is confined in a square  1 5
region. A positive charged particle of charge q r   r    t2  r  l
2

 2 4
and mass m is projected as shown in fig. Find If the particle comes out from face (4),
the limiting velocities of the particle so that it 5 mv 5 5 qBl
may come out of face (1),(2),(3) and (4). r l  l (or) v  . If velocity
4 qB 4 4 m
4 B 5 qBl
v , the particle will come out from face (3).
4 m
l/2 EX. 34: A particle of mass m and change +q enters
m, q 3 a region of magnetic filed with a velocity v, as
l shown in fig.
v
1
F
2 l
Sol. For the positive charge coming out from face (1), the
radius of the path in magnetic field should be less than E
l 
or equal to l / 4 . For limiting case (2 r  ) .
2
4 B a) Find the angle subtended by the circular
arc described by it in the magnetic field.
b) How long does the particle stay inside the
3 magnetic filed ?
l c) If the particle enters at E, what is the
v intercept EF ?
 2r  l / 2  1
Sol. a) The particle circulates under the influence of
2 l magnetic field. As the magnetic field is uniform,
l mv qBl the charge comes out symmetrically. The angle
rmax    vmax 
4 qB 4m subtended at the centre is (180  2 )
qBl b) The length of the arc traced by the particle,
Hence, if the velocity is  , the charge particle l  R (  2 )
4m
comes out of face (1). l R (  2 )
Time spent in the field, t  and
We can observe from right palm rule that the particle v v
cannot come out from face (1) mv
R
For a positive charge coming out of face (4) let Bq
m
particle come out at point N from OMN which gives t  (  2 )
Bq
(ON ) 2  (OM ) 2  ( MN ) 2
O
 F
90  
l 
r
2 FB
4 l 
M N
O 180  2
l/2
3 FB
l

v 90  
1  E
T 2 l S

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 23

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

2 n
As time period: T  , hence 2 m 1 Bq
Bq T f    cyclotron frequency..
T Bq T 2 m
t (  2 )
2 f) K.E of charged particles is
We can generalize this reslut. If  is the angle 2
1  Bqr  B2q2r 2
subtended by the arc traced by the charged particle K.E=1/2 mv  m
2
  
2  m  2m
   iii) Special Cases :
in the magnetic field, the time spent is t  T  
 2  a). The force acting on a curved wire joining points a
c. Intercept EF = 2 R cos  . and b as shown in the figure is the same as that on
a straight wire joining these points. It is given by
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule :   
F  iL  B where L  ab
Stretch the fore finger, central finger and thumb of
left hand in mutually perpendicular directions, such
b
that if fore finger indicates direction of magnetic field,
Central finger indicates direction of current, then
thumb indicates direction of force on conductor.
i 
Force On A Current Carrying Conductor B

Kept In Uniform Magnetic Field. L
i) A conductor carrying current i is placed in a uniform
magnetic field of induction B at an angle  with the a
field direction. The force acting on it is given by
F  i (l  B ) . F  BilSin b) The force experienced by a semi circular wire of
radius ‘r’ when it is carrying a current ‘i’ and is
ii) If B and l are parallel or anti-parallel F = 0
placed in a uniform external magnetic field of
iii) If B and l are perpendicular, then FMax  Bil . induction B as shown in the figure is given by
iv) Direction of force can be found using Fleming’s left F=BI(2r).
hand rule.
Lorentz Force :
i) When a charge enters a region where both electric
and magnetic fields exists simulataneously, force
acting on it is called Lorentz force and is given by
F  F e  F m  q  E  (V  B )  . Force directed
ii) Cyclotron: vertically upwards

c) The force on the wire shown F  Bil sin 

a) The cyclotron is a machine to accelerate charged
particles or ions to high energies using both electric 2
and magnetic fields in combination. towards left
b) Cyclotron uses the fact that the frequency of
revolution of the charged particle in a magnetic field i
is independent of its energy. l
c) Centripetal force is provided by the magnetic force /2
mv2 
/ 2 
 Bqv = leff  2l sin
r i 2
mv l
d) Radius of circular path is r 
Bq
2 r d) The force on a closed loop of any shape carrying
e) Time period of charged particle is T  current in a uniform magnetic field is always zero.
v
24 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM
Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

 
 2 3i  7 j  4k  i  j  k 
 2  11i  7 j  4k  N
EX. 36: In Fig. a semicircular wire loop is placed
in uniform magnetic field B=1.0 T. The plane
of the loop is perpendicular to the magnetic
since leff  0 field. Current i=2A flows in the loop in the
direction shown. Find the magnitude of the
e) The net force experienced by a closed current loop and
magnetic force in both the cases (a) and (b).
current completes the loop in a uniform field is zero.
The radius of the loop is 1m.

i i  2A i  2A

1m 1m

(a) (b)
f) In case of a closed loop but current does not Sol. It forms a closed loop and the current completes
complete the loop the net force is not
 zero. the loop. Therefore, net force on the loop in uniform
B field should be zero. From the figure, net force on
C the loop in uniform field shoud be zero.
In case (b) although it forms a closed loop, but
current does not complete the loop. Hence, net
D force is not zero.
A 
B
     
F ACD  F AD  F loop  F ACD  F AD  2 F AD C
 
 F loop  2 F AD
EX. 35: Find the force experienced by the wire A D
carrying a current 2A if the ends P and Q of the
 
wire have coordinates (1, 2, -3) m and F ACD  F AD
(-2, -5, 1) m respectively when it is placed in a    


magnetic field B  i  j  k T   F loop  F ACD  F AD  2 F AD
 
Sol. The force acting on the wire is  F loop  2 F AD
 2ilB sin  (l  2 r  2.0m)
(1,2,-3) 
P B = (2)(2)(2)(1) sin 900  8N
EX. 37:A rough inclined plane inclined at angle of
370 with horizontal has a metallic wire of length
20cm with its length r to length of inclined
plane ( = 0.1) When a current of its
Q passignthrough the wire and a magnetic field
(-2,-5,1) is applied normal to the plane upwards, the
wire starts moving up with uniform velocity
  
  
F  ir21  B 
 i r2  r1  B  for B = 0.5T. Then find the mag-nitude of
current i, (mass of the wire = 50g)
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 25
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
Sol. EX. 39: A current carrying conductor of mass m,
B length l carrying a current i hangs by two
N identical springs each of stiffness k. For an
B Bil
outward magnetic field B find the deformation
B of the springs. Put m  50 gm.
mg cos 

370 1
mg sin  g  10m / s 2 , l  m, i  1A and B  1T and
2
When the wire is in equilibrium
k  50 N / m
Bil  mg sin   f
Bil  mg  sin    cos  
3 4 k B k
Bil  5 102  10   0.1  i
5  5 
101  3.4
  3.4 A
101
i
EX. 38:A wire PQ of mass 10g at rest on two parallel
Sol. The forces acting on the rod are ‘mg’ downwards,
metal rails. The separation between the rails
Fmag  ilB downwards
is 4.9cm. A magnetic field of 0.80 tesla is applied
perpendicular to the plane of the rails, directed and Fspring  2kx upwards
in wards. The resistance of the circuit is slowly Under the action of these forces the rod is in
decreased. When the resistance decreases to equilibrium. Then, Fnet  0
below 20 ohm, the wire PQ begins to slide on
the rails. Calculate the coefficient of friction or mg  ilB  2kx
between the wire and the rails.
P
i kx B kx


4.9 cm 6V B
ilB
 1  1
mg  ilB   10   1   1
Q or x  20
  2
2k 2  50
Sol. Wire PQ begins to slide when magnetic force is just
equal to the force of friction, i.e. 1
 m  0.5cm
mg  il B sin   90 
0 200
EX. 40: A square loop of side a hangs from an
E 6 ilB insulating hanger of spring balance. The
Here, i    0.3 A 
R 20 mg magnetic field of strength B occurs only at the
lower edge. It carries a current I. Find the
 0.3  4.9 102   0.8
  0.12 change in the reading of the spring balance if
10 103   9.8 the direction of current is reversed

26 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
  1  q 
E   3r
 40  r
If the charge is moving relative to the observer’s
Spring inertial frame, it produces a magnetic field in
balance
addition to electric field. The magnitude of which
is proportional to the speed of the charge relative
to the observer provided (v<c). The magnetic field
insulating  
vector B at the point P, a distant r from the charge
ge

q moving with velocity v is found to be
hanger
I     q  
B  
B   0  3 v  r ....(1)
 4  r

Sol : Initially F1=mag + IaB (down wards) P

when the direction of current is reversed
F2 = mg - IaB (down wards)  F  2 IaB 
r
EX. 41: A rod CD of length b carrying a current I2 is  
placed in a magnetic field due to a thin long q  B
v
wire AB carrying current I1 as shown in fig.
Then find the net force experienced by the wire
Sol.
A

The direction of B is thus perpendicular to the
C D 
I1 II I2 
dx
plane of v and r . It is in the direction of advance
b  
of a right handed screw rotated from v to r . It s
a x
B magnitude is given by
Magnetic induction due to a straight wire at a position    qv sin 
of small element dx at a distance x from the B 0  ....(2)
 4  r
2

0 I1
conductor AB is P
2 x 
 r
Force on the current element is dF  dBI 2 dx sin 900
0
 II B=0
dF  0 1 2 dx
2 x
a b
v   900
0 I1 I 2
Net force on conductor is F  
a
2 x
dx
q
   b
 0 I1 I 2 log x a  0 I1 I 2 log  1  
a b

2 2  a B

Magnetic field of moving charge r
1. We know that a point charge q, at rest in the
observer’s inertial frame, produces an electric field   1800
along the radius vectro and is given by B = 00

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 27

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
The following points should be remembered
1 Fm v 2
regarding with magnetic field As c      ......(iii )
1.

The magnetic field B is zero at all points on a line 0 0 Fe c 2
on which charge moves. That is when S  =0 or  = Since v < c1, and so Fm < Fe. As Fm < Fe, so the net
 force between the charges is of repulsive nature.
1800, B =0
2. It is maximum in the plane perpendicular to and Force Between Two Parallel Current Carrying
through the charge, as sin  = 1, at all points in this Long Straight Conductors
plane. i) Force per unit length on each wire is given by

3. B remains unaltered in magnitude at all points on F 0 i1i2

the circumference of circle passing through P and l 2 r

lying in a plane perpendicular v with its centre on If i1  i2  1amp, r  1m, then force per unit length
the velocity direction. of the conducter is 2  10 7 N / m
Force between moving charges : ii) If currents in the two wires are in same direction,
The force acting on a charge q2, moving with velocity then the force of attraction takes place between
v2 in a magnetic field produced by charge q1 moving them.
with a velocity v1 is iii) If currents in the two wires are in opposite
   direction, then the force of repulsion takes place

F21  q2 v2  B1  between them
   q       iv) A stright and very long wire carries current i1 and
 4r
 
 qq
4r

 q2  v2  0 13 v1  r   0 1 32
 
 v2 v1  r 
  rectangular loop of wire carrying current i2 is placed
  nearby it. The force on the loop is
v1 v2
 i i l 1 1
F  012   
2  a b 
F
Net force
F12 F21
q1 q2
r i2 i2 l
i1
B2 B1
The magnitude of force which they exert on each
other
b
 qq vv
Fm  0 1 2 2 1 2
4 r v) A very long horizontal wire carries a current i1 is
 0 q1q2 2 rigidly fixed. Another wire is placed directly above
for v1 = v2 = v; Fm  v .....(i )
4 r 2 and parallel to it carries a current i2 . r is the
In addition to the magnitude force, there is an electric perpendicular distance of seperation between the
force between them, whose magnitude is given by wires and currents are in opposite directions for the
1 q1q2 second wire remains stationary, the condition is
Fe  .....(ii )
4 0 r 2 0i1i2 
F  mg   mg
This force is of repulsive nature, On dividing equation 2 r
i2
Fm r
(i) by (ii), we have F  v  0 0
2
m 0i1i2
e  
 2 rg i1

28 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
vi) Three long parallel conductors carry currents as EX. 42: A long straight conductor carrying a current
shown of 2A is in parallel to another conductor of
a) Resultant force per unit length on the wire ‘C’ is length 5cm. and carrying a current 3A. They
A C B are separated by a distance of 10cm. Calculate
(a) B due to first conductor at second conductor
i2 i3 (b) the force on the short conductor.
i1
 i i i i  Sol. Given i1  2 A; i2  3 A
F  0  12  23
2  a b 
a b r  10cm  10  102 m; l2  5cm
0i1 2
b) If the resultant force on the wire ‘C’ is zero, the a) B   2  107   4  106 Tesla
2 r 10  10 2

condition is
0i1i2
i1i2 i2i3 i1 i3 b) F   2
   2 r
a b a b
Note:Here the resultant force per unit length on the A 23
 2  107  2
 5  102  6  107 N
and B wire can be also determined in the similar 10  10
way. The currents can be along different directions. EX. 43: Two long stright parallel current carrying
conductor s each of length l and current i are
Null Points Due To Two Current Carrying
Parallel Wires. placed at a distance r0 . Show that the total work
i) Two straight parallel conductors are carrying done by an external agent in slowly reducing
currents i1 , i2  i1  i2  in the same direction, and r0 0 2
their distance of seperation to is i l n  2
are seperated by a distance r, the null point is formed 2 2
in between them. The distance of the null point from Sol. The force acting on the conductor 2 is F = ilB
the conductor carrying smaller current is 0 i 0 i 2 l
 il 
2 r 2 r
This force does a work dW in displacing the
r i1 i2 conductor 2 by a distance dr
x  
i2 x 1 2
1 dW  F .dr
i1
r
 0i 2 l
ii) Two straight parallel conductors are carrying
  dr    1800  F
2 r
currents i1 , i2 (i1  i2 ) in opposite directions, and Then, the total work done is ds
are seperated by a distance r, then the null point is W   dW
formed out side the conductors, the distance of
the null point from the conductor carrying smaller 0i 2l r2 dr 0i 2l
0

2 r r
current is given by   ln 2
0 2
EX. 44: Two parallel horizontal conductors are
suspended by light vertical threads 75.0 cm
r i1 i2
x long. Each conductor has a mass of 40.0gm
i2 x per metre, and when there is no current they
1
i1 are 0.5 cm apart. Equal magnitude current in
r
the two wires result in a separation of 1.5cm.
Find the values and directions of currents
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 29
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
Sol. 0.2
0i1i2l
W  2 x
dx
  T T cos  0.1

0i1i2l
log e x 0.1
0.2
F F W
T sin  2

mg mg 4  107  10  5  10  102
W log e 2
The situation is shown in figure 2
Here, we have T cos   mg W  0.693  10 6 J
EX. 46: Three long straight wires are connected
0 2i1i2
T sin   F  .. or parallel to each other across a battery of
4 d
negligible internal resistance. The ratio of
0 2i 2 their resistances are [Link]. What is the ratio
T sin   ..
4 d of distances of middle wire from the others if
from the above equations the net force experienced by it is zero
0 2i 2 1 Sol: The wires are in parallel and ratio of their resistances
tan   .l. . are [Link], Hence currents in wires are in the ratio
4 d mg
where  is small, tan   sin  1 1 1
: :
3 4 5
0.5  102 i1
From figure sin  
75  102
r1
m  40.0  1031kg i2
Where l  length of conductor in meter
r2
0.5  102 i3
Substituting We get 
75  102 i
2i 2 1
107.I . 
1.5 10   40 103 1 9.8
2

Solving, we get i  14amp. k k k

i1 
, i2  , i3 
As conductgors are repelled, the currents in them 3 4 5
are in opposite directions. Force between top and middle wire is
EX. 45: A conductor AB of length 10cm at a distance
of 10cm from an infinitely long parallel  1  1 
2   k2
 2i i  3 4
conductor carrying a current 10A. What work F1  0 . 1 2  0     
must be done to move AB to a distance of 20cm 4 r1 4 r1
if it carries 5A? Force between bottom and middle wire
0i1i2l  1  1  2
Sol. Force on a conductor at a distance X is F  k
2 x  0  4   5 
F2  
Wone doen to displace it through a small distance 4 r2
 
dx  dW  F .dx As the forces are equal and opposite so
r 5
0i1i2l F1  F2  1 
dW  dx r2 3
2 x

30 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
F = 0. But net torque may acts.
Force Between Two Streams Of Electric
ii) When a current carrying coil is placed in non-
Charges: uniform magnetic field, net force, net torque both
i) If two streams of electrons or protons are moving acts.
with velocity ‘v’ in parallel and same directions, there
will be both electric repulsive force and magnetic t net ¹ 0 Fnet ¹ 0 .
uur ur
attractive force. Since electric force predominates the iii) If the angle made by M of the coil with B in uniform
magnetic force, there will be repulsion. magnetic field is ‘ q ’, then its potential energy
ii) If they move parallel and opposite directions, there uur ur
P.E = - M.B
will be electric repulsive force and magnetic repulsive
force and hence there will be repulsion again. P.E = - MBcos q
iv) If a current carrying coil is rotated in a uniform
Torque Acting On A Current Loop Kept In uur ur
field such that the angle made by M with B is
Uniform Magnetic Fied :
i) When a coil carrying current is placed in unifrorm changes from q1 to q2 .
magnetic field, the net force on it is zero but it W = MB (cos q1 - cos q2 )
experiences a torque or couple. v) If ext field is along, the direction of M , then
q = 0° .
 t =0 P.E = – MB (min)

n̂ This position corresponds to stable equilibrium.
uur
vi) If external magnetic field is opposite to M then,
q = 180°
ii) Torque acting on a current t = 0 . P.E. = + MB (max)
 carrying
  coil placed in
uniform magnetic field is   M  B vii) This corresponds to unstable equilibrium.
iii) Torque acting on the coil is   BiNA sin  EX. 47: A circular loop of area 1cm 2 carrying a
= BiNA cos  current of 10A is placed in a magnetic field of
Here A = are of coil carrying current i 2T i . The loop is in xy plane with current in
N = number of turns of the coil clock wise direction. Find the torque on the loop.
B = Magnetic induction of the field     
  Angle made by the plane of the coil with B
 Sol.   M  B  
ni A B 
  Angle made by the normal to the plane of the
     
 10  10 4  k   2 j  2  10 3 Nm i
 
coil with B EX. 48: A metallic wire is folded to form a square
iv) If the plane of coil is parallel to the direction of loop a side ‘a’. It carries a current ‘i’ and is
magnetic field    max  BiNA kept perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field.
If the shape of the loop is changed from
v) If the plane of coil is perpendicular to the direction
square to a circle without changing the length
of magnetic field,   0
of the wire and current, the amount of work
vi) If current carrying coil is placed in a non-uniform done in doing so is
magnetic field it experiences both force and torque.
Sol. W  Find P.E  initial P.E
vii) For a given area, torque is independent of shape of
the coil W  M f B   M i B 
viii) Torque is directly proportional to area of the coil.
Special Cases W  iB  Ai  Af 
i) When a current carrying coil is placed in uniform
magnetic field, net force on it  4
W  iBa 2 1  
 
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 31
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
EX. 49: A flat insulating disc of radius ‘a’ carries an Sol. The field due to current carrying wire is tangential to
excess charge on its surface is of surface every point on the circular portion of the loop and
charge density  C / m 2 . Consider disc to rotate hence the forces acting on these segments are zero.
around the axis passing through its centre and y
perpendicualr to its plane with angular speed

 rad/s. If magnetic field B is directed
perpendicualr to the rotation axis, then find the dr l (dF )( kˆ)
torque acting on the disc. r
Sol. Suppose the disc is placed in xy-plane and is i
rotated about the z-axis. Consider an annular i0 l
2 i i
ring of radius r and of thickness dr, the charge
a
on this ring. i 2dr
r
(dF )(kˆ)
dq    2 rdr 
B
x
As the ring rotates with angular velocity  , so the
current
Now consider two small elements of length dr at a
dq   2 rdr  distance r from the axis symmetrically as shown in
i    rdr
dt 2 fig.
 The magnitude of the force experienced by each
y
 0 i0 
element is dF  B i dr    idr
 2 r 
On element 1 it is into the page and on 2 it out of
dr the page, d  dF  2r sin 
r x
  ii 
  0 0 dr   2r sin 
B  2 r 
Now total torque
z
0i0i sin  b ii
     dr  0 0 sin   b  a 
The torque on the current loop   i A  B  a

Hence the torque on this annular ring Moving Coil Galvanometer
 

d  i d A  B    rdr  r 2 B sin 900  i) Principle of moving coil galvanometer: When a
  r 3 Bdr current carrying coil suspended in a unifrom magnetic
field, it experiences a torque and hence it rotates.
a
 Ba 4 ii) Poles of magnet are concave is shape, to make the
and    B  r dr 3

0
4 magnetic field radial so that at all orientations the
EX. 50:A loop carrying current ‘i’ is lying inthe plane of plane of the coil is parallel to the field, and hence
the paper. It is the field of a long straight wire with torque acting on it is maximum.
constant current i0 (inward) as shown in fig. Find This makes the relation between current and
deflection linear.
the torque acting on the loop.
iii) Soft iron cylider is kept at the center of magnetic
i field to increase the flux.
iv) Phosphor Bronze has
i0
a) high Young’s modulus so that the wire will not
2 i i
be stretched easily.
a
i b) low rigidity modulus so that the wire can be
b twisted easily.

32 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
c) small elastic after effect so that it comes back
C 106  45
quickly to orginal position after withdrawing current. i  4
 9.94  101 A.
v) Small mirror is attached on the phosphor Bronze BAN 0.2  16  10  20
wire, to measure the deflection using lamp and scale EX. 52: A coil area 100cm 2 having 500 turns carries
arrangement. a current of 1mA. It is suspended in a uniform
vi) If ' ' is the deflection for passage of current ‘i’, magnetic field of induction 10-3 Wb/m2. Its plane
makes an angle of 600 with the lines of
 C 
then C  BiAN  i    induction. Find the torque acting on the coil.
 BAN  Sol. Given
 C 
where k    = Galvanometer constant or i  1mA  103  10 3 A; N  500; B  103Wb / m 2
 BNA 
  600 ,  ? A  100cm 2  100  104 m 2
figure of merit. It is independent of BH . Where ‘C’ Couple acting on the coil is given by
is couple per unit twist.   BiAN sin 
vii) a) Current sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined
as the deflection produced in the galvanometer per Where  is angle made by normal to the plane of
unit current flowing through it. coil with B.
d BAN   90  60  300
SI  
di C  C  10 3  10 3  100  10 4  500  sin 30
b) Voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined  250  10 8 Nm
as the deflection produced in the galvanometer per
EX. 53: A galvanometer of resistance 95 ,
unit voltage applied to it.
shunted by a resistance of 5 ohm gives a
   BAN deflection of 50 divisions when joined in series
SV    
V iG V CG with a resistance of 20k and a 2 volt
Where G is resistance of galvanometer accumulator. What is the current sensitivity
i) Increasing B ii) Increasing A of the galvanometer (in div/  A )
iii) Increasing N iv) Decreasing C
viii) It is used to measure current upto a minimum of 5
109 Amp.
a) Plane of coil need not be along the magnetic 20
meridian G
b) Galvanometer constant is independent of BH. So 95
I
it can be used to measure currents even at poles. 2V
c) External magnetic fields have no effect on
deflection. So, it can be used to measure current In accordance with given problem, the situation is
even in the environment of stray magnetic fields. depicted by the circuit diagram in fig. As here
EX. 51: The area of the coil in a moving coil 20k is much greater than the resistance of
galvanometer is 16 cm2 and has 20 turns. The shunted galvanometer   5  , the current in the
magnetic induction is 0.2T and the couple per circuit will be
unit twist of the suspended wire is 10-6 Nm per
2
degree. If the deflection is 450 calculate the I  104 A  100  A
20  103
current passign through it
and as this current produces deflection of 50
Sol. Given, A  16cm 2  16  104 m 2 divisions in the galvanometer
B  0.2T ; N  20, C  10 6 Nm / degree;   450  50div 1div
CS   
From, C  BiAN I 100 A 2 A

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 33

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
v) It is a device used to measure current in electrical
Shunt
circuits.
i) A low resistance connected in parallel to vi) Resistance of an ammeter is very small and it is
galvanometer to protect it from large current is zero for an ideal ammeter. Potential drop across
known as shunt. ideal ammeter is zero.
ii) When shunt is connected range increase but vii) Ammeter must always be connected in series to
sensitivity decreases. the circuit
GS viii) Among low range and high range ammeters, low
iii) Requivalent  range ammeter has more resistance.
GS
EX. 54: A galvanometer of resitance 20 is shunted
i P Q i by a 2 resistor. What part of the main current
G
ig flows through the galvano-meter?
is ig G
S  . Given G  20; S  2
Sol.
i GS
V
i 2 1 1
GS  g   ; th part of current is passing
iv) V  iReq  i v) VPQ  ig G  i8 S i 22 11 11
GS through galvanometer.
Ammeter EX. 55: A galvanometer has resistance 500 ohm.
It is shunted so that its sensitivity decreases
i) Galvanometer can be converted in to Ammeter by
by 100 times. Find the shunt resistance.
connecting low resistance parallel to it.
1
Sol. Sensitivity   n  100
range
i ig G G 500 500
S     S  5.05
 n  1 100  1 99
is
S EX. 56: The resistance of galvanometer is 999 .
A shunt of 1 is connected to it. If the main
ii) To increase the range by ‘n’ times or to decrease current is 102 A, what is the current flowing
the sensitivity by ‘n’ times, shunt to be connected through the galvanometer.
across Galvanometer is Sol. G  999, S  1 i  102 A; ig  ?
G G
S S  S  2  1  5
i  n 1 ig  i    10     10 A
 G  S   999  1 
  1
 ig  EX. 57: A galvanometer has a resistance of 98 .
i new range old division / amp If 2% of the main current is to be passed
Here n  i  old range  new division / amp
g through the meter, what should be the value
GS of the shunt?
iii) Equivalent resistance of ammeter =
GS ig
iv) The relation between currents is Sol. G  98  ;  100  2%
i
a) i = i q + i s
G i 100 98
iS iG s ;   50  S   2
b) ig = GS
c) i s = GS i  ig 2  50  1
  1
ig S i S Is G  ig 
d)  ; g  ; 
is G i GS I GS

34 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

Voltmeter Sol. G  100; ig  103 A

P R G Q i
a) i  10 A; n  i  10
4

ig g

G 100 100
S   
V
 n  1 10  1 999
4

i) Galvanometer is converted into voltmeter by

connecting high resistance in series to it. b) Vg  ig G  103 100  101V
ii) Voltmeter is alwasy connected in parallel to the
conductor [P.D. across which is to be measured) in V 10
V  10V  n   1  100
the circuit. Vg 10
iii) P.D. across the ends of voltmeter is, V  ig (G  R )
 R  G  n  1  100 100  1  9900
iv) Voltmeter is used to measure P.D. across the
conductor in electric circuits. EX. 60:A galvanometer having 30 divisions has
v) Resistance of a voltmeter is very high and that of an current sensitivity of 20  A / division. It has a
ideal volmeter is infinity. Current drawn by an ideal resistance of 25 ohm. How will you convert it
voltmeter is zero. into an ammeter measuring voltmeter reading
vi) Among low range and high range voltmeters, high upto 1V?
range voltmeter has more resistance. Sol. The full scale deflection current
vii) Equivalent resistance of voltmeter = G+R ig  30   20  106   6  10 4 A.
viii) Resistance to be connected in series to galvanometer
If S is the required value of the shunt connected in
to convert into voltmeter of range 0  V volt is
parallel with galvanometer, then
V S S
R  G ig  i  6 104  1
ig S G S  25
ix) To increase the range by n times, 150
S    0.0150
g  
new range V2 i G  R R After solving, we get
n   1 9994
old range V1 ig  G  G The resistance of the ammeter
Hence resistance to be conncted in series to SG 0.0150  25
RA    0.0150
galvanometer is R = G  n -1 S  G 0.0150  25
EX. 58: A maximum current of 0.5mA can be passed To convert this ammeter into the voltmeter, we can use
through a galvanometer of resistance 20 , V  ig  RA  R0  HereV  1V , ig  1A
Calculate the resistance to be connected in series
1  1 0.0150  R0  or R0  0.985
to convert it into a voltmeter of range  0  5 V .
EX. 61: What is the value of shunt which passes
V 10% of the main current through a
Sol. R  G  n  1 , where n  V galvanometer of 99 ohm?
g
Sol. As shunt is a small resistance S in parallel with a
V  5V ;Vg  ig G  0.5 10 3  20  102 V galvanometer (of resistance G) as shown in fig.
 n  500 and R  20  500  1  9980  I  I G  S  IGG
EX. 59: A galvanometer has a resistance of 100 . (I-IG)
A cu r r en t of 10 -3 A pass through the S
galvanometer How can it be converted into (A)
ammeter of range 10A and (b) voltmeter of G
range 10v I IG
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 35
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

IG G 5. A vertical straight conductor carries a current

i.e., S  vertically upwards. A point P lies to the east
 I  IG  of it at a small distance and another point Q
And as here, G  99 and lies to the west at the same distance. The
 10  magnetic field at P is
IG    I  0.1I 1) Greater than at Q 2) Same as at Q
 100 
3) Less than at Q
0.1I  99 0.1
S   99  11 4) Greater or less than at Q depending upon the
 I  0.1I  0.9 magnetic field of the current.
6. A current carrying power line carries current
from west to east .The direction of magnetic
field 1m above is
Ampere’s Circuital Law Magnetic Field due 1) north to south 2) south to north
do Straight Conductor 3) east to west 4) west to east
1. The work done in moving a unit n-pole round a 7. Magnetic lines of force due to a straight
conductor carrying current in a circle of radius conductor carrying current are
10cm is w. The work done in moving it in a 1) Straight lines 2) Elliptical
circle of radius 20cm is 3) Circular 4) Parabolic
1) w 2) 2w 3) w/2 4) 4w
8. A current ‘i’ flows along an infinitely long straight
2. A current I flows along an infinitely long
conductor. If r is the perpendicular distance of a
straight thin walled tube. The magnetic
point, very far from the ends of the conductor
induction at a point inside the tube at a distance
then the magnetic induction B is given by
r from its wall is
o 2 I 2I 0 2i 0 i
1) Infinite 2) Zero 3) . 4) 1) B  2) B 
4 r r 4 r 4 r
3. A long straight thin conductor has a current of 0  i 0 2 i
’i’ ampere. The magnetic induction B away from 3) B  4) B 
4 r 4 r
the conductor at a distance ‘r’ from its axis 9. A current ‘i’ flows along an infinitely long straight
varies as shown in conductor. If ‘r’ is the perpendicular distance of
B B a point from the lower end of the conductor, then
the magnetic induction B is given by
0 2i 0 i
1) 2) 1) B  2) B 
4 r 4 r
r r
(0,0) (0,0) 0  i 0 2 i
3) B  4) B 
B B 4 r 4 r
10. A long straight wire of circular cross-section
carries a current along its length. On the axis
3) 4) inside the wire, it follows that
1) strength of electric and magnetic fields are zero
r r
(0,0) (0,0) 2) strength of electric field is zero but magnetic field
4. A current carrying wire produces in the is non-zero
neighbourhood 3) strength of electric and magnetic fields is non-
1) Electric and magnetic fields zero
2) Electric field only 4) strength of electric field is non-zero but magnetic
3) Magnetic field only 4) No field field is zero
36 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM
Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

Biot-Savart Law and its applications 19. Two concentric circular loops of radii r1 and r2 carry
11. Magnetic field at a point on the line of current clockwise and anticlockwise currents i1 and i2. If
carrying conductor is the centre is a null point, i1/i2 must be equal to
1) r2/r1 2) r22/r12 3) r12/r22 4) r1/r2
1) maximum 2) infinity 20. A length of wire carries a steady current. It is
3) zero 4) finite value first bent to form a circular coil of one turn.
12. If a long hollow copper wire carries a current, The same length is now bent more sharply to
then the magnetic field produced will be give a loop of two turns of smaller radius. The
1) Inside the pipe only 2) Outside the pipe only magnetic field at the centre caused by the
3) Neither inside nor outside the pipe. same current now will be
4) Both inside and outside the pipe. 1) a quarter of its first value
13. The magnetic field dB due to a small current 2) same as that of the first value
element dl at a distance r and carrying 3) four times the first value
current ‘i’ is 4) double of its first value
0  dl  r   0 2  dl  r  21. A charge ‘e’ moves round a circle of radius ‘r’
1) dB  4 i  r  2) dB  4 i  r 2  with a uniform speed ‘v’. The magnitude of the
   
magnetic induction at the centre of the circle is
 0 2  dl  r   0  dl  r  1) µoev/4  r 2) µoev/4  r2
3) dB  4 i  r  4) dB  4 i  r 3  3) µoev/4  r3 4) µoer/4  
   
22. An electron of charge e moves in a circular
14. For a given distance from a current element, orbit of radius r round a nucleus the magnetic
the magnetic induction is maximum at an angle field due to orbit motion of the electron at the
measured with respect to axis of the current site of the nucleus is B. The angular velocity
carrying conductor.  of the electron is
1) 3  /4 2)  /4 3)  /2 4) 2 
15. If we double the radius of a current carrying  eB  eB
1)   0 2)   0
coil keeping the current unchanged ,the 4 r r
magnetic field at its centre 4 rB 2 rB
1) becomes four times 2) doubled 3)   4)  
0e 0e
3) remains unchanged 4) halved
23. A particle of charge q and mass m moves in a
16. A current carrying coil is placed with its plane
circular orbit of radius r with angular speed
in the magnetic meridian of the earth. When
 .The ratio of the magnitude of its magnetic
seen from the east side a clockwise current is
moment to that of its angular momentum
set up in the [Link] magnetic field at its centre
depends on
will be directed towards
1) north 2) south 3) west 4) east 1)  : q 2)  q : m 3) q : 2m 4)  : m
17. A unit N-pole is placed on the axis of a circular 24. A loosely wound helix made of stiff wire is mounted
coil carrying current in anti-clockwise direction. vertically with the lower end just touching a dish
It experiences a force of mercury when a current from the battery is
1) towards the coil 2) perpendicular to the coil started in the coil through the mercury
3) inclined to axis 4) parallel to the coil 1) the wire oscillates
18. If we double the radius of the coil keeping the 2) the wire continues making contact
current through it unchanged,the magnetic field 3) the wire breaks contact just when the current is
on its axis at very very far away points passed
1) becomes four times 2) is doubled 4) the mercury will expand by heating due to
3) remains unchanged 4) halved passage of current

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 37

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
25. Two very thin metallic wires placed along X and 28*. Match the following and find the correct pairs.
Y axes carry equal currents as shown AB and List-I
CD are lines at 450 with the axes having origin at a) Fleming’s left hand rule
O the magnetic field will be zero on the line b) Right hand thumb rule
y c) Biot-Savart law
B d) Fleming’s right hand rule
C
List-II
I e) Direction of induced current
f) Magnitude and direction of magnetic
x
I I induction
O
g) Direction of force due to magnetic induction
h) Direction of magnetic lines due to current
I D 1) a-g, b-e, c-f, d-h 2) a-g, b-h, c-f, d-e
A
3) a-f, b-h, c-g, d-e 4) a-h, b-g, c-e, d-f
1) AB 2) CD Tangent Galvanometer
3) straight segment OB only of line AB 29. The reduction factor of a tangent galvanometer
4) straight segment OC only of line CD may be defined as the current passing through
26. A positively charged particle nters at the middle it to produce a deflection of
as shown in Fig. with speed 10 m/s will bend
5 1) 90° 2) 45° 3) 30° 4) 60°
30. A tangent galvanometer is taken from equator
to the north pole. During this the sensitivity
of the tangent galvanometer
3A 1A 1) decreases because its reduction factor decreases
2) increases because its reduction factor decreases
a V
3) decreases because its reduction factor increases
d/2 d/2 4) increases because its reduction factor increases
1) towards 1 A wire 31. In a tangent galvanometer, the circular coil is
2) upwards the plane of wires unwound and rewound to have twice the
3) towards 3 A wire previous radius. As a result of this the reduction
factor (K) of the tangent galvanometer is
4) down wards the plane of wires
1) unaffected 2) doubled
27. Net magnetic field at the center of the circle o
3) quadrupled 4) halved
due to a current through loop ABC as shown in
32. The sensitivity of a tangent galvanometer
figure is (   1800 ) increases if
A 1) number of turns decreases
2) number of turns increases
3) field increases
C  O 4) number of turns remains same.
33. The plane of the coil of tangent galvanometer
is parallel to the magnetic meridian
B
1) to avoid the influence of earth’s magnetic field.
1) zero 2) perpendicular to paper inwards 2) to increase the magnetic field due to the current
3) perpendicular to paper outwards in the coil.
4) perpendicular to the paper inwards if   900 3) to make earth’s magnetic field perpendicular to
and perpendicular to paper outwards if that due to the current in the coil.
90    180
0 0 4) for some other reason.

38 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
34. The galvanometer constant of a tangent straight through these simultaneously then
galvanometer depends upon field B and E are directed respectively along
1) earth’s magnetic field 1) -y axis and -z axis 2)+z axis and -x axis
2) current in the coil 3) + x axis and - x axis 4)-x axis and -y axis
3) magnetic field of the coil 43. An  - particle moves from E to W in a
4) deflection of the magnetic needle magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of
35. The sensitiveness of tangent galvanometer will the paper and into the paper. The particle is
be maximum if deflection in it is tending to deflected towards
.....and reading is accurate for   ...... 1) East 2) West 3) South 4) North
1) 00,450 2) 300,00 3) 450,00 4) 600,450 44. A positively charged particle falls vertically
36. A tangent galvanometer of reduction factor 1A downwards. The horizontal component of
is placed with plane of its coil perpendicular to earth’s magnetic field will deflect it towards
the magnetic meridian when a current of 1A is 1) West 2) East 3) South 4) North
passed through it. The deflection produced is 45. An electron and a proton enter a magnetic
field with equal velocities. The particle that
1) 450 2) Zero 3) 300 4) 600
experiences more force is
Force on a Moving Charge in Magnetic Field 1) electron 2) proton
37. An electric charge in uniform motion produces 3) both experience same force
1) an electric field only 4) it cannot be predicted.
2) a magnetic field only 46. An electron and a proton enter a magnetic
3) both electric and magnetic fields. field at right angle to the field with same kinetic
4) no such field at all energy. The correct statement is
38. The force acting on a charge ‘q’ moving with a 1) trajectory of electron is less curved
velocity V in a magnetic field of induction B is 2) trajectory of proton is less curved
given by 3) both are equally curved
q   4) both move along straight line paths
Vx B
1) 2) 3) q ( Vx B) 4) (V . B)q 47. A charged particle moving in a magnetic field
Vx B q experiences a resultant force
39. A magnetic field exerts no force on 1) in the direction opposite to that of the field.
1) a stream of electrons 2) in the direction opposite to that of its velocity
2) a stream of protons 3) inthedirectionperpendiculartobothfield&its velocity
3) unmagnetised piece of iron 4) in the direction parallel to the field
4) stationary charge. 48. An electron of mass ‘m’ is accelerated through
40. If the direction of the initial velocity of a charged a potential difference of V and then it enters a
particle is neither along nor perpendicular to magnetic field of induction B. normal to the lines
that of the magnetic field, then the orbit will be of force. Then the radius of the circular path is
1) a straight line 2) an ellipse 2Vm 2Vm 2Vm
3) a circle 4) a helix. 1) 2eV 2) 3) 4)
m eB2 eB e2 B
41. A charge moving with velocity V in X direction is 49. Among the following, one characteristic is
subjected to a field of magnetic induction in the
negative X [Link] a result the charge will independent of the angle between V and B
1) remain unaffected 1) Momentum 2) Radius of helical path
2) start moving in a circular path in y-z plane 3) Angular speed 4) Both 1 and 2.
3) retard along X - axis 50. A charged particle enters into a uniform
4) move along a helical path around X - axis magnetic field the parameter that remains
42. The mono energetic beams of electrons moving constant is
along +y direction enter a region of uniform 1) velocity 2) momentum
electric and magnetic fields. If the beam goes 3) kinetic energy 4) angular velocity
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 39
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
51. A free charged particle moves through a magnetic 58. Imagine that you are seated in a room and there
field. The particle may undergo a change in is a uniform magnetic field pointing vertically
1) speed 2) energy down wards in it at the centre of the room an
3) direction of motion 4) magnitude of the velocity electron is projected horizontally from left to right
52. An electron is projected parallel to electric and with a certain speed. Discuss the speed and the
uniform magnetic fields acting simultaneously path of the electron in this field
in the same direction .The electron 1) electron moves in anticlockwise path
1) gains kinetic energy 2) electron moves in clockwise path
3) electron moves left wards
2) loses kinetic energy
4) electron moves right wards
3) moves along circular path
59. A charged particle with charge q enters a
4) moves along a parabolic path
region of constant uniform and mutually
53. A charged particle is moving with velocity ‘V’  
orthogonal fields E and B with a velocity
in a magnetic field of induction B. The force   
on the particle will be maximum when v perpendicular to both E and B and comes
1) V and B are in the same direction out without any change in magnitude and

2) V and B are in Opposite direction direction of v . Then
3) V and B are perpendicular 
  2 
  2
1) v   E  B  / B 2) v  BE / B
4) V and B are at an angle of 450    
54. If electron velocity is 2i+4j and it is subjected 
  2 
  2
to magnetic field of 4k, then its 3) v   E  B  / E 4) v   B  E  / E
   
1) speed will change 2) path will change 60. An electron of charge e, revolves round in an
3)velocity is Constant 4) momentum is Constant orbit of radius r with a uniform angular velocity
55. A proton moving with a velocity V is acted upon  . The magnetic dipole moment of the
by electric field E and magnetic field B. The electron in the orbit is
proton will move undeflected if 1) e r / 2 2) e r 2 / 2 3) e 2 r / 2 4) e 2 r 2 / 2
1) E is perpendicular to B and E parallell to V 61. A proton and a deuteron are projected with same
2) E is parallel toV and perpendicular to B speeds normal to a uniform magnetic field.
3) E and B both are parallel to V Which of the following statements is/are true
4) E, V and B are mutually perpendicular and V = E/B a) The ratio of their respective time periods is 1 : 2
56. A proton and an alpha particle enter into a b) The ratio of their respective angular momenta
uniform magnetic field with the same about the centres of their circular path is 1 : 4
[Link] period of rotation of the alpha c) The ratio of their respective radii of their
particle will be circular paths is 1 : 2
1) only a 2) only c 3) only a, b 4) All are true
1) four times that of proton
62. If a charged particle is projected perpendicular
2) two times that of proton
to a uniform magnetic field, then
3) three times that of proton a) it revolves in circular path
4) same as that of proton b) its K.E. remains constant
57. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic c) its momentum remains constant
field exist in a region in the same direction An d) its path is spiral
electron is projected with velocity pointed in the 1) only a, b are correct 2) only a, c are correct
same direction the electron will 3) only b, d are correct 4) only a, d are correct
1) turn to its right 63. When a positively charged particle enters a
2) turn to its left uniform magnetic field with uniform velocity,
3) keep moving in the same direction but its speed its trajectory can be
will increase a) a straight line b) a circle c) a helix
4) keep moving in the same direction but its speed 1) a only 2) a or b
will decrease 3) a or c 4) any one of a, b and c

40 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
are at a large distance ‘d’. The distance from
Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in a
the first coil where the resultant magnetic
Magnetic Field induction is zero is
64. A circular coil of wire carries a current. PQ is a
part of very long wire carrying a current and d d d
d 1
passing close to the circular coil. if the directions 1) 1  i2 2) 1  i2 3) 1   i2 
3
4) 1   i2 
2

of currents are those shown in figure, then the i1 i1  i1   i1 

direction of the force acting on PQ is
68. A rectangular loop carrying current I is located
P near an infinite long straight conductor
carrying current I as shown in the figure. The
loop,

1) parallel to PQ, towards p

2) parallel to PQ, towards Q i
3) at right angles to PQ, to the right
4) at right angles to PQ, to the left
65. A conductor AB of length l carrying a current i
is placed perpendicular to a long straight
conductor XY carrying a current l, as shown. 1) remain stationary
the force on AB will act 2) is attracted towards the wire
3) is repelled away from the wire
Y 4) will rotate about an axis parallel to the wire
69. Two streams of protons move parallel to each
other in the same direction. They will
1) attract each other 2) repel each other
A i B 3) neither attract nor repel 4) rotate
I
70. Two streams of electrons are moving parallel
l to each other in the same direction. They
l/2 1) attract each other
X 2) repel each other
3) cancel the electric field of each other
1) along x to y 2) along y to x 4) cancel the magnetic field of each other
3) to the right 4) to the left 71. A light body is hanging at the lower end of a
66. A conducting circular loop of radius r carries a vertical spring. On passing current in the
constant current I it is placed in a uniform spring, the body
magnetic field B such that B is perpendicular 1) rises up 2) goes down
to the plane of the loop the magnetic force 3) no change 4) oscillates up & down
acting on the loop is 72. A current carrying wire is placed along east and
1) B I R 2) 2 ( B I R ) west in a magnetic field directed north wards. If
3) zero 4)  (B I R ) the current in the wire is directed east wards,
the direction of force on the wire is
Force Between Two Parallel Current 1) due west 2) due south
Carrying Conductors 3) vertically upwards 4) vertically downwards
67. Two coplanar circular coils of equal radius 73. Two parallel, long wires carry currents i1 & i2
carrying currents i1, i2 in opposite directions
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 41
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
(i1 >i2) when the currents are in the same 1) eLm 2) eL/m 3) eL/2m 4) zero
direction, the magnetic induction at a point 79. The dipole moment of a current loop is
midway between the two wires is X. If the independent of
direction of i2 is reversed, the magnetic 1) current in the loop 2) number of turns
induction becomes 2x, then i1/ i2 is 3) area of the loop
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 4) magnetic field in which it is situated
74. Two straight long conductors AOB and COD are 80. Tangent law is applicable to a dipole placed in
perpendicular to each other and carry currents i1  
two magnetic fields B and Bo when
and i2. The magnitude of magnetic induction at a
 
point P at a distance a from the point O in the 1) B  B o
direction perpendicular to the plane ABCD is 
2) B and Bo are perpendicular to each other
1) ( 0 / 2  a) (i1 + i2) 
3) B makes any angle with Bo
2) ( 0 / 2  a) (i1 - i2) 
4) B is directed opposite to Bo
3) ( 0 / 2  a) (i12 + i22)1/2 81. A magnetic dipole placed in two perpendicular
4) ( 0 / 2  a) [i1 i2/( i1+i2)] magnetic fields B and B0 is in equilibrium
75. Two parallel wires carrying current I and 2I in making an angle  with B then.
same direction have magnetic field B at the
1) B = B0 2) B cos  = Bosin 
midpoint between them. If the current 2I is switched
off, the magnetic field at that point will be 3) B sin  = BoCos  4) B = Bo tan 
1) B/2 2) B 3) 2B 4) 3B 82. A current loop placed in a magnetic field
76. Two long straight horizontal parallel wires one behaves like a
above the other are separated by a distance 1) magnetic dipole 2) magnetic substance
‘2a’. If the wires carry equal currents in 3) magnetic pole
opposite directions, the magnitude of the 4) non magnetic substance
magnetic induction in the plane of the wires at 83. Singly ionized helium (x), ionized deuteron(y),
a distance ‘a’ above the upper wire is alpha(z) particles are projected into a uniform
magnetic field 3x 10-4 tesla with velocities 105
oi oi oi ms -1 , 0.4 x 10 4 ms -1 and 2 x 10 3 ms -1
1) 2) 
2 a 2 a 4 a
respectively. The correct relation between the
 o i o i o i ratio of the angular momentum to the
3)  4)
2 a 4 a 3 a magnetic moment of the particles is
77. Choose the correct statement. There will be 1) x>y= z 2) x < y < z 3) y < x < z4) z > x > y
no force experienced if 84. A small coil of N turns has an area A and a
1) two parallel wires carry currents in the same current ‘i’ flows through it. The magnetic
direction dipole moment of the coil will be
2) two parallel wires carry currents in the opposite 1) i NA 2) i2 NA 3) i N2A 4) iN/A
direction
Torque On Current Loop
3) a positive charge is projected between the pole
pieces of bar magnet 85. A straight horizontal conductor of length L meter
4) a positive charge is projected along the axis of a and mass m kg carries a current ‘i’ ampere.
solenoid carrying current The minimum magnetic induction which must
exist in the region to balance its weight
Current Loop And Magnetic Dipole 1) mg/iL 2) iL/mg 3) mgL/i 4) mL/ig
78. If the angular momentum of an electron 86. A current carrying loop in a uniform magnetic
revolving in a cirular orbit is L,then its field will experience
magnetic moment is 1) force only

42 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
2) torque only
3) both torque and force
4) neither torque nor force P Q R S

87. The torque acting on a magnetic dipole of moment 1) couple on loop P will be highest
Pm when placed in a magnetic field is 2) couple on loop Q will be highest
1) PmB 2) Pm  B 3) Pm .B 4) Pm/B 3) couple on loop R will be highest
88. A coil of area A, turns N and carrying current i 4) couple on loop S will be highest
is placed with its face parallel to the lines of 94. Two circular coils carrying currents are of nearly
magnetic induction B. The work done in same radius have common centre and released
rotating the coil through an angle of 1800 is from rest with their planes perpenducular.
1) iNAB 2) 2iNAB Assuming that they can freely rotate about their
diameters, select the wrong alternative
3) iNAB/2 4) zero
1) Each will exert a torque on the other
89. A conducting circular loop of radius ‘r’ carries 2) Through out their rotation, angular momentum
a constant current ‘i’. It is placed in a uniform of the system is conserved
magnetic field B0 such that B0 is perpendicular 3) Angular momentum of system initially increases
to the plane of the loop. The magnetic force and then decreases
acting on the loop is 4) Potential energy of system first decreases
1) i r Bo 2) 2  ri Bo 3) zero 4)  riBo 95. A current carrying circular coil, suspended freely
90. A current carrying loop is free to turn in a uniform in a uniform external magnetic field orients to a
magnetic field. The loop will then come into position of stable [Link] this state:
equilibrium when its plane is inclined at 1) the plane of the coil is normal to the external
1) 00 to the direction of the field. magnetic field
2) 450 to the direction of the field. 2) the plane of the coil is parallel to the external
3) 900 to the direction of the field. magnetic field
4) 600 to the direction of the field. 3) flux through the coil is minimum
91. When a current carrying coil is placed in a 4) torque on the coil is maximum
uniform magnetic field of induction B, then a 96. A conducting wire of length l is turned in the
torque  acts on it. If I is the current, n is the form of a circular coil and a current i is passed
number of turns and A is the face area of the through [Link] torque due to external uniform
magnetic field to be maximum, the number of
coil and the normal to the coil makes an angle
turns in the coil will be
 with B, Then 1) 1 2) 2 3) infinity 4) 0
1)  = B I n A 2)  = B I n A sin  97. When a current loop is placed in a uniform
3)  = B I n A cos  4)  = B I n A tan  magnetic field
 
92. A moving coil type of galvanometer is based i) FR  0 and  ii) FR  0 but   0
upon the principle that  
iii) FR  0 but   0 iv) FR  0 and   0
1) a coil carrying current experiences a torque in 1) only i & ii are ture 2) only ii & iii are true
magnetic field.
3) only iii & iv are true 4) only i & iv are true
2) a coil carrying current produces a magnetic field. 98. When a current carrying coil is situated in a
3) a coil carrying current experiences impulse in a uniform magnetic field with its magnetic
magnetic field. moment antiparallel to the field
4) a coil carrying current experiences a force in i) Torque on it is maximum
magnetic field. ii) Torque on it is minimum
93. Four wires each of length 2m are bent into four iii) PE of loop is maximum
loops P,Q,R, and S and then suspended into a iv) PE of loop is minimum
uniform magnetic field same current is passed 1) only i and ii are true 2) only ii and iii are true
in each [Link] correct statement is 3) only iii and iv are true 4) only i, ii and iii are true

MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 43

 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

Moving Coil Galvanometer 1) to increase the magnetic induction in the polar gap
99. In a moving coil galvanometer a radial 2) to evenly distribute the magnetic lines of force
magnetic field is applied with concave magnetic 3) to provide a radial magnetic field
poles, to have 4) to reduce the magnetic flux leakage in the polar gap
A) uniform magnetic field 108. The radial magnetic field is used in a suspended
B) the plane of the coil parallel to field coil galvanometer to provide
1) A, B true 2) A,B false
1) a uniform torque on the coil
3) A true , B false 4) A false B true
2) maximum torque on the coil in all positions
100. A current carrying coil tends to set itself
3) a uniform and maximum torque in all positions
1) parallel to an external magnetic field.
of the coil
2) parallel to its own magnetic field
4) a non uniform torque on the coil
3) perpendicular to the external magnetic field.
109. Assertion (A): In M.C.G., the deflection ' ' is
4) perpendicular to the geographic meridian
directly proportional to the strength of the current
101. The restoring couple in the moving coil
Reason (R): In M.C.G., the the torque
galvanometer is due to
experienced by the loop is BiANcos 
1) current in the coil
2) magnetic field of the magnet 1) Both A and R are correct , R is correct reason of A
2) Both are wrong
3) material of the coil
3) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct
4) twist produced in the suspension wire
reason of A
102. A wire of length ‘L’ is made in the form of a coil in
4) A is correct, R is wrong
a moving coil galvanometer. To have maximum
sensitiveness the shape of the coil is Conversion Of MCG Into Ammeter
1) circular 2) elliptical 3) rectangular 4) square 110. To measure the resistance of a device using
103. The relation between voltage sensitivity  V Ohm’s law the mode of connection used is
1) ammeter in series, voltmeter in parallel
and the current sensitivity  i of a moving coil
2) voltmeter in series, ammeter in parallel
galvammeter is (Given that G is the resistance
3) both ammeter and voltmeter in series
of the galvanometer)
4) both ammeter and voltmeter in parallel
1)  V = G  i 2)  V =  i /G 111. To increase the range of an ammeter, we need
3)  V  i = G 4)  V  i = 1/G to connect a suitable
1) low resistance in parallel
104. The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is
2) low resistance in series
1) zero 2) infinity 3) high resistance in parallel
3) finite, very small 4) finite and large 4) high resistance in series.
105. The sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer 112. An ammeter has a resistance of G ohm and a
increases with the decrease in range of ‘i’ ampere. The value of resistance
1) number of turns 2) area of coil used in parallel, to convert into an ammeter
3) magnetic field 4) couple per unit twist of range ‘ni’ ampere is
106. If a galvanometer is shunted then among the 1) nG 2) (n-1)G 3) G/n 4) G/n-1
following which statement is not true
Conversion Of MCG Into Voltmeter
1) effective range increases.
2) equivalent resistance decreases. 113. Among the following the false statement is
3) galvanometer becomes more sensitive 1) ammeter is connected in series and maximum
4) galvanometer becomes more protective. current flows through it
2) voltmeter is connected in parallel and potential
107. The purpose of soft iron cylinder between the
is maximum
pole pieces of the horse-shoe magnet in a
3) ammeter is connected in series and current
moving coil galvanometer is
through it is negligible

44 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
4) voltmeter is connected in parallel and current
through it is negligible.
114. A voltmeter has a resistance of g ohm and
range of V volt. The value of resistance used 1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 3 5) 1 6) 1
in series to convert it into voltmeter of range 7) 3 8) 1 9) 2 10) 1 11) 3 12) 2
nV volt is 13) 4 14) 3 15) 4 16) 3 17) 3 18) 1
g g
1) ng 2) g (n - 1) 3) 4) (n - 1) 19) 4 20) 3 21) 2 22) 3 23)3 24) 1
n 25)1 26)3 27) 3 28) 2 29) 2 30) 2
115. In an electrical circuit containing a source of emf
and a load resistance, the voltmeter is connected 31) 3 32) 2 33) 3 34) 1 35) 1 36) 2
by mistake in series with the load across the source 37) 3 38) 3 39) 4 40) 4 41) 1 42) 2
and ammeter is connected parallel to the load. 43) 3 44) 2 45) 3 46) 2 47) 3 48) 2
Then which meter burns out 49) 3 50) 3 51) 3 52) 2 53) 3 54) 2
1) ammeter 2) voltmeter 55) 4 56) 2 57) 4 58) 2 59) 1 60) 2
3) both ammeter and voltmeter 61) 4 62) 1 63) 4 64) 4 65) 1 66) 3
4) neither ammeter nor voltmeter
116. If a voltmeter, in advertently mistaken for an 67) 3 68) 2 69) 2 70) 2 71) 1 72) 3
ammeter, were inserted into the circuit, the current 73) 3 74) 3 75) 2 76) 4 77) 4 78) 3
1) increases 2) remains same 79) 4 80) 2 81) 3 82) 1 83)1 84) 1
3) decreases 4) becomes zero 85) 1 86) 2 87) 2 88) 2 89) 1 90) 3
117. An ammeter and a voltmeter of resistance R are 91) 2 92) 1 93) 4 94) 3 95) 1 96) 1
connected in series to an electric cell of negligible 97) 2 98) 2 99) 1 100) 3 101) 4 102) 1
internal resistance. Their readings are A and V
103)2 104)2 105) 4 106) 3 107) 1 108)1
respectively. If another resistance R is connected
in parallel with the voltmeter, then 109) 4 110) 1 111) 1 112) 4 113) 3 114) 2
1) Both A and V increases 115) 4 116) 3 117) 4 118) 2 119) 2 120) 3
2) Both A and V decreases 121) 2
3) A decreases but V increases
4) A increases but V decreases.
118. A moving coil voltmeter is generally used to
measure the potential difference across a
conductor of resistance ‘r’ carrying a current i. Ampere’s Circuital law
The resistance of voltmeter is R. For more Biot-Savart law and its applications
correct measurement of potential difference 1. A north pole of strengt  A m, is moved
1) R = r 2) R>>r 3) R << r 4) R = 0 around a circle of radius 10 cm which lies
119. The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is around a long straight conductor carrying a
1) Zero 2) infinity 3) 1000  4) 10000  current of 10 A. The work done is nearly
120. If G, rA and rV denote the internal resistances 1) 4  J 2) 40  J 3) 400  J 4)0.4  J
of a galvanometer, an ammeter and a voltmeter 2. A closed circuit is in the form of a regular
among the following the correct relationship is hexagon of side a. If the circuit carries a
1) G < rA < rV 2) rA < rV < G current I, what is magnetic induction at the
3) rA<G <rV 4) rV < rA < G centre of the hexagon?
121. Among the following the true statement is,
1) ammeter is a high resistance galvanometer and 3 0 I 3 0 I 3 0 I 3 0 I
1) 2) 3) 4)
voltmeter is a low resistance galvanometer 4 a 2 a 3 a a
2) ammeter is a low resistance galvanometer and 3. 1
A current of 4
A is flowing in a long straight
voltmeter is a high resistance galvanometer.
3) ammeter and voltmeter cannot be distinguished conductor. The line integral of magnetic
on the basis of their resistance. induction around a closed path enclosing the
4) ammeter and voltmeter have same resistance current carrying conductor is
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 45
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
1) 4  10 7 Wb/m 2) 10–7 Wb/m of a circle. It is necessary to have a magnetic
3) 16 2  10 7 Wb/m 4) zero field of induction  × 10 - 5 T at the centre.
4. A wire in the form of a square of side ‘2m’ The radius of the circle must be
carries a current 2A. Then the magnetic 1) 0.08 cm 2) 0.8 cm 3) 8 cm 4) 80 cm
induction at the centre of the square wire is 13. Two concentric circular coils A and B have
(magnetic permeability of free space =  0) radii 25 cm and 15 cm and carry currents 10A
0 and 15A respectively. A has 24 turns and B
0 0 2 2 2 0
1) 2) 3) 4) has 18 turns. The direction of currents are in
2   2 opposite order. The magnetic induction at the
5. An electric current passes through a long common centre of the coil is
straight wire. At a distance 5 cm from the wire,
the magnetic field is B. The field at 20 cm from 1) 120 0 T 2) 480 0 T 3) 420 0 T 4) 0
the wire would be. 14. A wire carrying a current of 140 ampere is bent
1) 2B 2) B/4 3) B/2 4) B into the form of a circle of radius 6 cm. The flux
6. A current of one ampere is passed through a density at a distance of 8 cm on the axis passing
straight wire of length 2 metre. The magnetic through the centre of the coil and perpendicular
field at a point in air at a distance of 3 m from to its plane is (in Wb / m2 (approximately))
one end of the wire but lying on the axis of the  4 1 4
wire will be 1)  10 4 2) 2  104 3)  10 4)  10
2 
1) 0 / 2 2) 0 / 4 3) 0 / 8 4) Zero 15. The magnetic induction at a point at a large
7. A straight vertical conductor carries a current. At distance d on the axial line of circular coil of
a point 5 cm due north of it, the magnetic induction small radius carrying current is 120  T. At
is found to be 20 µT due east. The magnetic a distance 2d the magnetic induction would be
induction at a point 10 cm east of it will be 1) 60  T 2) 30  T 3)15  T 4) 240  T
1) 5µT north 2)10 µT north 16. A particle having charge 100 times that of an
3)5µTsouth 4)10µT south electron is revolving in a circular path of radius
8. A circular coil of radius 25 cm, carries a current 0.8m with one rotation per [Link]
of 50 ampere. If it has 35 turns, the flux density magnetic field produced at the centre is
at the centre of the coil is (in Wb / m ) 2
1) 10-7/ 0 2)10-17 0 3)10-6 0 4)10-15 / 0
1)   10 3 2)1.4  103 3)14  103 4) 2  10 3 17. A battery is connected between two points A
9. A circular coil of radius R carries a current i. and B on the circumference of a uniform
The magnetic field at its centre is B. The conducting ring of radius r and resitance R. One
distance from the centre on the axis of the coil of the arcs AB subtends an angle  at the
where the magnetic field will be B/8 is centre. The value of the magnetic induction at
1) 2R 2) 3R 3) 2R 4) 3R the centre due to the current in the ring
10. Two circular coils are made of two identical 1) proportional to 2 (1800 –  )
wires of same length and carry same current. 2) Inversely proportional to r
If the number of turns of the two coils are 4 3) zero only if  =1800
and 2, then the ratio of magnetic induction at 4) zero for all values of 
the centres will be Tangent galvanometer
1) 2:1 2) 1:2 3) 1:1 4) 4:1
18. A TG has 500 turns, each of radius 2 cm . If
11. Two circular coils have diameters 10cm and
20cm with same number of turns. The ratio of BH  3.6  10 5 Wb / m 2 , The deflection due to
the magnetic field induction produced at the 7.2 mA current is
centre of the coils when connected in series is 1) 600 2) 300 3) 450 4) Zero
1) 1:2 2) 2:1 3) 4:1 4) 1:4 19. In a properly adjusted tangent galvanometer, the
12. A wire carrying a current of 4 A is in the form deflection for 1 A current is found to be 30°. Now

46 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
the coil is turned through 90° about the vertical 1) 1.603  10-14 N 2) 1.6  10-14 N
axis, the deflection for the same current will be 3) 3.203  10-14 N 4) 3.2  10-14 N
1) 60° 2) 30° 3) 90° 4) 0° 27. A conducting circular loop of radius r carries
20. Two tangent galvanometers are connected in a constant current i.
series across a battery. The deflections in them 
It is placed in a uniform magnetic field B , such
are found to be 30° and 60° respectively. The 
that B is perpendicular to the plane of the loop.
ratio of their reduction factors is
The magnetic force acting on the loop is
1) 3 :1 2) 1: 3 3) 3 : 1 4) 1 : 3   
1) ir B 2) 2 ir B 3) zero 4)  irB
21. In a tangent galvanometer, the magnetic
28. A proton enters a magnetic field with a velocity
induction produced by the coil of wire situated
of 2.5X107ms-1 making an angle 300 with the
in the magnetic meridian is found to be equal to
magnetic field. The force on the proton is
the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic
(B=25T)
field. The deflection produced in it will be
1) 1. 25X10-11N 2) 2.5X10-11 N
1) 30° 2) 60° 3) 45° 4) 90°
3) 5.0X10-11N 4) 7.5X10-11N
Current loop and magnetic dipole 29. A doubly ionised He atom travels at right
22. If an electron is revolving in a circular orbit of radius angles to a magnetic field of induction 0.4T
0.5 A with a velocity of 2.2  10 m/s. The magnetic
0 6 with a velocity of 105ms-1 describing a circle
dipole moment of the revolving electron is of radius r. A proton travelling with same
1) 8.8  10 Am
–24
2) 8.8  10 Am
–23 speed in same direction in the same field will
3) 8.8  10–22 Am 4) 8.8  10 21 Am describe a circle of radius
1) r/4 2) r/2 3) r 4) 2r
23. Magnetic induction at the centre of a circular
30. A proton is projected with a velocity 107 ms 1 ,
loop of area  square meter is 0.1 tesla. The
at right angles to a uniform magnetic field of
magnetic moment of the loop is ( 0 is
induction 100 mT. The time (in seconds ) taken
permeability of air)
by the proton to traverse 900 arc is:(Mass of
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
1)  2)  3)  4)  proton = 1.65  10 27 kg and charge of proton
0 0 0 0 = 1.6 10 19 C )
Solenoid & Toroid 1) 0.81 107 2) 1.62 10 7
24. The length of a solenoid is 0.1 m and its diameter
3) 2.43  107 4) 3.24  10 7
is very small. A wire is wound over in two layers.
The number of turns in the inner layer is 50 and 31. A 2MeV proton is moving perpendicular to
that on the outer layer is 40. The strength of a uniform magnetic field of 2.5 tesla. The force
current flowing in two layers in the same on the proton is
direction is 3 ampere. The magnetic induction 1) 2.5 X 10-10 newton 2) 8 X 10-11 newton
in the middle of the solenoid will be 3) 2.5 X 10-11 newton 4) 8 X 10-12 newton
1) 3.4 10 3 T 2) 3.4 103 gauss Cyclotron
3) 3.4  103 T 4) 3.4  103 gauss 32. A cyclotron in which protons are accelerated
25. The magnetic induction at the centre of a has a flux density of 1.57T. The variation of
solenoid is B. If the length of the solenoid is frequency of electric field is (in Hz)
reduced to half and the same wire is wound in 1) 4.8  108 2) 8.4  108
two layers the new magnetic induction is
1) B 2) 2B 3) B/2 4) 4B 3) 2.5 107 4) 4.8  106
33. Cyclotron is adjusted to give proton beam,
Force acting on a moving charge in magnetic field
magnetic induction is 0.15 wbm 2 and the
26. A proton is fired with a speed of 2x10 m/s at an
6
extreme radius is 1.5 m. The energy of
angle of 60° to the X- axis. If a uniform emergent proton in MeV will be
magnetic field of 0.1 tesla is applied along the 1) 34.2 2) 3.42 3) 2.43 4) 24.3
Y- axis, the force acting on the proton is
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 47
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
34 A cyclotron has an oscillator frequency 12MHz 1) 55  105 N 2) 44  105 N
and a dee of radius 50 cm. Calculate the 3) 33  105 N 4) 22  105 N
magnetic induction needed to accelerate 39. Two parallel conductors A and B separated by
deuterons of mass 3.3  1027 kg and charge 5 cm carry electric current of 6 A and 2 A in
1.6 1019 C the same direction. The point between A and
1) 1.55wb / m 2 2) 2.55wb / m 2 B where the field is zero at
3) 0.55wb / m 2 4) 3.55wb / m 2 1) 0.25 cm from B 2) 1 cm from B
3) 1.25 cm from B 4) 3.75 cm from B
Force on a current carrying conductor in a 40. The distance between the wires of electric
magnetic field mains is 12cm. These wires exprience 4 mgwt
35. A straight wire (conductor) of length 10 cm is per unit length. The value of current flowing
kept in a uniform magnetic field of induction in each wire will be if they carry current in
0.02 T. The angle between the conductor and same direction
the field direction is 300. A current of 5A is 1) 4.85A 2) zero
passed through the conductor. The force on the 
3) 4.85 X 10 A2
4) 8 5 X 1 0  4 A
conductor is (in N) 41. Two long straight conductors are held parallel
1) 4 103 2) 5  103 3) 6  103 4) 7 103 to each other 7cm apart. The conductors
36 A circular coil of 20 turns and radius 10 cm is carry currents of 9A and 16A in opposite
placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 T normal directions. The distance of neutral point from
to the plane of the coil .If the current in the coil the conductor carrying 16A current is
is 5.0 A what is the average force on each 1) 9cm 2) 16cm 3) 25cm 4) 63/25cm
electron in the coil due ot the magnetic field (The Torque on current loop
coil is made of copper wire of cross-sectional
42. A rectangular coil of wire of 500 turns of area
area 10–5m2 and the free electron density in
10 x 5 cm2 carries a current of 2 A in a magnetic
copper is given to be about 1029m–3.)
field of induction 2 x 10-3 T. If the plane of the
1) 2.5  10 N
25 2) 7.5 10 N
 25
coil is parallel to the field. The torque on the
3) 5  1025 N 4) 1025 N coil is (in) Nm.
37. A thin 50 cm long metal bar with mass 750 g rests 1) 0.1 2) 0.01 3) 0.001 4) 1
on,but is not attached to , two metallic supports 43. A coil of area 100 cm having 500 turns carries
2

in a uniform 0.45T magnetic field as shown in Fig a current of 1 m A. It is suspended in a uniform

.A battery and a 25 resistor in series are magnetic field of induction 10-3wb/m2. Its plane
connceted to the supports. The largest voltage makes an angle of 600 with the lines of
the battery can have without breaking the circuit induction. The torque acting on the coil is
at the supports (units are in”V”) is 1) 250  108 Nm 2) 25  108 Nm
3) 2.5  10 8 Nm 4) 0.2  10 8 Nm
44. A circular coil of 1 turn and area 0.01 m² carries
B a current of 10 A. It is placed in a uniform
magnetic field of induction 0.1 tesla such that
the plane of the circle is perpendicular to the
1) 817 2) 718 3) 827 4) 837 direction of the field, the torque acting on the
coil is
Force between two parallel current carrying 1) 0.1N m 2) 0.001Nm 3) 0.01N m 4) Zero
conductors
Moving coil galvanometer
38. The magnitude of the force between a pair of
conductors, each of length 110 cm, carrying a current 45. A current of 10 A produces a deflection of
-5

of 10A and seperated by a distance of 10 cm is 100 in a moving coil galvanometer. A current

48 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III
of 10-6 amp in the same galvanometer produces 53. If a shunt is to be applied to a galvanometer
a deflection of of resistance 50  so that only 5% of total
1) 10 2) 0.10 3) 100 4) (1/100)0 current passes through the galvanometer. The
46. The coils made of same material in two moving resistance of shunt should be
coil galvanometers have their areas in the ratio of 1) 1.63  2) 4.2  3) 3.5  4) 2.63 
2:3 and number of turns in the ratio 4:5. These
54. If only 2% of the main current is to be passed
two coils carry the same current and are situated
through a galvanometer of resistance G, then
in the same field. The deflections produced by
these two coils will be in the ratio of the resistance of the shunt will be
1) 8:15 2) 15:8 3) 8:1 4) 1:4 1) G/50 2) G/49 3) 50G 4) 49 G
55. A maximum current point 0.5 mA can be
Conversion of MCG into ammeter & passed through a galvanometer of resistance
Voltmeter 20  . The resistance to be connected in
47. A galvanometer has a resistance of 400  . The series to convert it in to voltmeter of range 0-
value of shunt so that its sensitivity is 5V. is
to be reduced by 1/50 times 1) 980  2) 9980  3) 990  4) 9990 
1) 6.16  2) 7.16  3) 8.16  4) 9.16  56. The maximum potential that can be measured
48. A galvanometer of resistance 20  is to be with a voltmeter of resistance 1000  is 6V..
shunted so that only 1% of the current passes Resistance that must be connected to
through it. Shunt connected is measure a potential of 30V with it is
1) 99/20  2) 9/20  3) 20/99  4) 2/99  1) 4000  in Series 2) 6000  in Series
49. The resistance of a moving coil galvanometer 3) 12000  in Series 4) 2000  in Series
is 5 ohm. The maximum current it can measure 57. A voltmeter has an internal resistance of
is 0.015 A. To convert it into an ammeter to 1000  and gives full scale deflection when 2
meausre 1.5 A. V is applied across the terminals. Now a
1) connected 5/99 ohm in series resistance of 4000  is connected in series
with it. Then it gives full scale deflection with
2) connected 99/50 ohm in parallel
1) 8 V 2) 10 V 3) 6 V 4) 4 V
3) connected 5/99 ohm in parallel
58. To convert a voltmeter measuring 15 V into a
4) connected 99/50 ohm in series voltmeter measuring 150V, if the resistance
50. A galvanometer of coil resistance 100  is of the voltmeter is 1000  , the resistance to
connected to a shunt of resistance 10  . The be connected is
current through the galvanometer is i1 , the current 1) 10,000  in Series 2) 9,000  in Series
through the shunt is i2 and the total current into the 3) 11,000  in Series 4) 8,000  in Series
combination is i3 , then the ratio i 1 : i 2 : i 3 is
1) 1 : 10 : 11 2) 10 : 1 : 11
3) 11 : 10 : 1 4) 10 : 11 : 1
51. The resistance of a galvanometer is 100  . A 1) 2 2) 4 3) 2 4) 3 5) 2 6) 4 7) 4
shunt of 5  is connected to it to convert it into 8) 2 9) 2 10) 4 11) 2 12) 3 13) 3 14) 1
an ammeter. The internal resistance of the 15) 3 16) 2 17) 4 18) 3 19) 4 20) 3 21) 3
ammeter is 22) 1 23) 2 24) 1 25) 2 26) 2 27) 3 28) 3
1) 5.2  2) 4.8  3) 4.6  4) 4.2  29) 2 30) 2 31) 4 32) 3 33) 3 34) 1 35) 2
52. A galvanometer of resistance 100 ohms is 36) 3 37) 1 38) 4 39) 3 40) 1 41) 2 42) 2
shunted so that only 1/11 of the main current 43) 1 44) 4 45) 1 46) 1 47) 3 48) 3 49) 3
flows through the galvanometer. The resistance 50) 1 51) 2 52) 3 53) 4 54) 2 55) 2
of the shunt is 56) 1 57) 2 58) 2
1) 1 ohm 2) 11 ohms 3) 10 ohms 4) 9 ohms
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM 49
 Sr|12th IIT-JEE MAIN|NEET|PHYSICS:VOL-III

36. Force acting on each electron, i.e..,

Lorentz force, Fm  evd B

1. w  0 mni
 1  IB
2. Magnetic field at O due to Ab, i.e or Fm  e  B  (asI  neAvd )
 Ane  An
0 I 5  0.10
B  sin 1  sin 2  or Fm  5 N  5  10 25 N
4 d 10  10 29
0 i
3. W  0i 0 4. B  8 2 (as A = cross-sectional area of the wire
4 a
1  0i  105 m 2 , n  free electron density  10 29 m 3 )
5. B 6. B 
r 2r 37 As F- mg when the bar is just ready to levitate,
i 0 ni
7. B 0 8. B  mg 0.750  9.8
2r 2r
0 nir 2 1 0 ni IIB  mg or I   A  32.67 A
B   lB 0.5  0.45
9. 2  r 2  x2 
3/ 2
8 2r
  IR   32.67  25 V  817V
  n 2i 1
10. B  0 11. B  ii x
d
l r 38. F  0 1 2  l 39. i2
1
0 ni 2 r i1 d
12. r  13. B  B1  B2 F 0i 2 x
2B 40.  41. i2
0 nir 1
l 2 d
2
1 i1
14. B  2 r 2  x 2 3 / 2 15. B 3
  x 42.   BAIN cos  43.   BAIN cos 
0 ne
16. B  where n is the frequency 44.   BAIN cos  45.   I 46.
2r
0i 2rBH
17. B  18. I   n tan     BAIN
4 r 0
K1 tan  2 G
19. B  BH Tan 20. K  tan  G S
i
2 1 47. S  48. 1
q n 1 ig
21. B  BH Tan 22. M  inA and i 
T
q
G S
S
23. M  inA and i  24. B  o ni 49. i 50. Ig  I 
T 1 GS
ig
25. B  o ni 26. F  BqV sin  G
GS S
 i
27. The net force on current carrying loop in uniform 51. Reff 52. 1
GS ig
magnetic field will be zero.
mv G
28. F  BqV sin  29. r  G S
Bq i
53. S  54. 1
2 m 2 KE n 1 ig
30. T  31. F  Bqv, v 
Bq m
2 m mv 1 2 V  V 
32. T  33. r  ; KE  mv 55. R   I  G  56. R   I  G 
Bq Bq 2  g   g 
Bq
34. n  35. F  BIl sin  V 
2 m
57. R   I  G  ; 58. R  G  n  1
 g 

50 MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM