Introduction to
Networking
Routing &
CommandLine
By
Mohammed Nazar Hussien
Routing
Routing is the process of moving data across network segments
toward its final destination (different network IP Address)
Routing is a key feature of the Internet involves two basic
activities
Forwarding messages (Need Router or Host)
Analyze a routing table (best path)
series of destination networks (IP)
the address of the local router (IP)
Route cost (metrics) find best path
Routing
Routing Table
Routing
Routing Table
Source source of routing information
C connected
R - RIP
Subnet/Mask define the IP address of a network or a subnet
Out Int outgoing interface, informs router which interface to send
the packets
Next-Hop next-hop router, address of the router where the
packets need to be forwarded
Routing
Routing Protocols Classifications
Routing
Routing Protocols Classifications
Routing
Routing Protocols Classifications
Static Route (fixed)
Routing
Routing Protocols Classifications
Dynamic Route
Routing
Routing Protocols Classifications
Dynamic Route
Dynamic routing protocols do not change how routing is done.
They just allow for dynamic altering of routing tables.
There are two classifications of protocols:
IGP - Interior Gateway Protocol. The name used to describe
the fact that each system on the internet can choose its own
routing protocol. RIP and OSPF.
EGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol. Used between routers of
different systems. There are two of these, the first having the
same name as this protocol description:
EGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol
BGP - Border Gateway Protocol.
Routing
Router
routers need the Internetwork Operating System software (IOS) to
run configuration files.
Routing
Router Memory Components
Routing
ROM
Routing
RAM
Routing
NVRAM
Routing
FLASH
Routing
Interfaces
Routing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Router Power-On/Bootup Sequence
Perform power-on self test (POST).
Load and run bootstrap code.
Find the Cisco IOS software.
Load the Cisco IOS software.
Find the configuration.
Load the configuration.
Run the configured Cisco
IOS software.
Routing
Router
Routing
Loading the Cisco IOS Software From Flash Memory
Routing
Loading the Configuration
Load and execute the configuration from NVRAM.
If no configuration is present in NVRAM, enter setup mode.
Routing
IOS File System Overview
Routing
External Components of a 2600 Router
Routing
Internal Components of a 2600 Router
Routing
Computer/Terminal Console Connection
Routing
Modem Connections to Console/Aux Port
Routing
Establishing a HyperTerminal Session
Routing
HyperTerminal Session Properties
Command Instruction
Show Configuration: sh conf
Show running: sh run
Configure Terminal: conf t
Line auxillary: line aux
Line console: line con
Configuring a Routers Name
This task is accomplished in global configuration mode using the
following commands:
Router(config)#hostname Gates
Gates(config)#
As soon as the Enter key is pressed, the prompt changes from the
default host name (Router) to the newly configured host name
(which is Gates in the example above).
Command Instruction
To Set a Clock & Date
Command Instruction
Message Of The Day (MOTD)
A message-of-the-day (MOTD) banner can be
displayed on all connected terminals.
Enter Configuration Mode
Router# config t
Router(config)# banner motd # Welcome to
Gates Training #
Then you can save changging
Router(config)# copy run start
Command Instruction
Privileged Mode Command
# show
startup-config
# show running-config
# show version
# show flash
# show interfaces
# show interfaces s 0
# show history
# show terminal
# terminal history size 25
Command Instruction
Password
Passwords restrict access to routers.
Passwords should always be configured for
virtual terminal lines and the console line.
Passwords are also used to control access to
privileged EXEC mode so that only authorized
users may make changes to the configuration
file.
There are five passwords for Router
Privileged Mode Password 2
Line Console Password
Auxiliary Port Password
Telnet Password
Command Instruction
Privileged Mode Password
Gates(config)# enable password gates
Encrypted privilege mode password
Gates(config)# enable secret gates1
Line Password
Gates(config)# line console 0
Gates(config)# password cisco
Gates(config)# login
Command Instruction
Aux Port Password
Gates(config)# line aux 0
Gates(config)# password cisco
Gates(config)# login
Telnet Password
Typically Cisco routers support five VTY lines numbered 0
through 4.
Gates(config)# line vty 0 4
Gates(config)# password cisco
Gates(config)# login
Command Instruction
Encrypting Passwords
Only the enable secret password is encrypted by default
Need to manually configure the user-mode and enable passwords for
encryption
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with
CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#service password-encryption
Command Instruction
Disable Passwords
Gates(config)# no enable password
Gates(config)# no enable secret
For the Console
Gates(config)# line con 0
Gates(config)# no password
For the Console
Gates(config)# line vty 0 4
Gates(config)# no password
Connecting to Aux Port
LAB Interface Configuration
Command Instruction
Descriptions
Setting descriptions on an interface is helpful to the
administrator
Only locally significant
R1(config)#int e0
R1(config-if)#description Sales Lan
R1(config-if)#int s0
R1(config-if)#desc Wan to Mumbai
Command Instruction
Configuring Interfaces
Command Instruction
DCE DTE
To find out DCE or DTE
#Show controllers s 0
Viewing Configuration
To Check the status of interface
#Show IP interface brief
or
#Sh IP int brief
