S•O•SSM Services
The S·O·S Analyst
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services
Analyst Toolkit
• Access to Learning Materials (References)
• Learn the subject matter
• Apply the learning - practice
• Learn about the iron
• Gain insight into the customer’s operation
• Communicate clearly and directly
• Network with dealer personnel
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services
S·O·S Analysis Can’t Detect
• Catastrophic failure.
• Failure analysis
• Brand or API rating of oil
• Test fuel or brake fluid
• Oil Life Expectancy
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services
S·O·S Analysis Can Detect
• Abnormal wear (and
“normal” wear)
• Coolant leak
• Water contamination
• Dirt entry
• Fuel dilution
• Oil condition
• Fluid Transfer
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services
References
• Machine Profiles
• Wear Tables
• SIS
• Knowledge Network
• Optimizing Oil Change Intervals
(PEDP8025)
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services
S·O·S Oil Analysis
• Focus on Both:
– Condition of Oil and
Condition of Equipment
• Four SOS Oil Analysis
Aspects:
– Wear Rate Analysis
– Oil Condition Analysis
– Oil Cleanliness Analysis
– Oil Contamination Analysis
(Fuel, Water or Antifreeze/
Coolant Detection)
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Wear Rate Analysis
• Tracks and quantifies
wear elements
• Charts rate of wear
element increase
• Wear trending
• Element combinations
allows for component
specific interpretation
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Wear Rate Analysis
• Spectrophotometers (AA, ICP, or DCP)
• Quantifies metal wear elements from components in
"Parts / Million" (PPM)
– Copper, Iron, Chrome, Lead, Tin,
Aluminum, Molybdenum
• Qualifies wear rate trends
40
The “Bathtub” curve
35
30
25
Run-in wear Degradation
PPM
20
15
10
5
0
Time
Component Hours
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Wear Rate Analysis
• Wear Level Norms - Model/Compartment Wear Tables
• Wear Meals: Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr),
Lead (Pb), Tin (Sn), Aluminium (AI) and Molybdenum
(Mo)
• Dirt Entry: Silica (Si)
• Water (Coolant) Entry: Sodium,Potassium (Na,K)
• Classic Combinations
• Oil Add Pack Elements
– Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc & Phosphorus
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Oil Condition Analysis
• Infrared Analysis Uses Optical
Wave Lengths to Evaluate
Changes in the Oil:
– Compares Old to New Oil
– Assures the oil in use is still
protecting your equipment
• Infrared Analysis Determines
levels of :
– Oxidation
– Soot Level
– Sulfation
– Nitration
• Viscosity Test
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Oil Condition Analysis
• OXIDATION
• Conditions that increase
Oxidation
– High operating temperature
– Extended oil usage
– Depleted antioxidant
additives
– Glycol and Copper
contamination
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Oil Condition Analysis
• SOOT – what is it?
• Soot Thickens Oil & Shortens Engine Life Through
Ineffective Lubrication
• Conditions that Cause Soot
– Plugged Air Filter Element
– Excessive Idling
– Cool Engine Temperatures
– Blow-by
– Excessive/Rapid Acceleration
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Oil Condition Analysis
The Oil’s “Break Point”
• Trending is the Key to Determine Optimal Oil
Change Period
– Increase Oil Change Intervals 50 hours at a time
– 250 hours, 300 hours then 350 hours, etc.
• We will watch carefully for the Oil’s Breakpoint:
– A Sharp Decrease in oil condition and
– A Sharp Increase in wear metals
• At this Break Point … Back Off 50 hours =
Optimal Oil Change Interval
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Oil Cleanliness Analysis
• 70% - 85% of
Hydraulic failures are
caused by
contaminants
• Early contaminant
warning is imperative
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Oil Cleanliness Analysis
• Uses Particle Count (PC)
• Counts by size range
all particles present in
the oil (metallic or not)
• Detects Additional Signs of
Abnormal Wear
• Used for Non-Engine
compartments
• Metallic & Nonmetallic
particles counted
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Oil Cleanliness Analysis
Cleanliness analysis may help detect
potential
failures which other tests may have not
detected
• gear failures
• roller bearing failures
• sleeve bearings
• synthetic materials
Can be supplemented by
microscopic observation
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services
What’s Normal?
We Screen Data Three Ways:
– By obvious contamination
or serious wear
– By the trend of each
compartment's data history
– By comparing data
trends of similar units
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services COMMUNICATION IS EVERYTHING !!
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services
Interpretation Is….
• Good interpretation is comprised of two parts –
– Evaluation (known information)
– Recommendation (customer’s action)
• Three overall evaluations
– No Action Required
– Monitor Compartment
– Action Required
– Take a stance – don’t mix evaluations &
recommendations
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services
Need for Additional Samples
• To check for oil transfer
• Wrong compartment
• Verify trend
• To acquire a baseline
"Sample"
• Suspect Original Sample
was contaminated
• Too small volume original
sample
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services S·O·S Coolant Analysis
• Detects Potential Problems
• Problems in Engine, Transmission & Hydraulic Cooling
Systems
• Cooling Systems Problems
Degrade Oil
• Results in Premature
Failure of Critical
Components
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services S·O·S Coolant Analysis
• Coolant Requirements of Diesel Engines:
– Diesel Engines Produce
Tremendous Power
– Diesel Engine Oil Transfers
Heat to Coolant
– Coolant Absorbs
Engine, Transmission
and Hydraulic Heat
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services S·O·S Coolant Analysis
• Improper Cooling System Maintenance
Oxidizes Oil
– Hot Shutdowns Oxidizes Coolant
– Damages Engine Parts
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services Benefits of Coolant Analysis
• Fluid condition
– More vital now: Higher performance systems ….
good heat dissipation is essential
• Reduce risk of component failure
– Half of engine problems
caused or accelerated by
poor cooling system
performance
• Enables before-failure repairs
• Another indicator in the life cycle
management process
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services S·O·S Coolant Analysis
• Multi-level analysis
– Field screening
• Cooling system obvious problems awareness
• Generally done by visiting dealer personnel
• Basic tests done with a coolant analysis kit
– Refractometer for glycol %
– Test strips for nitrite check
– pH meter for pH
– Odor and appearance
– Level 1 analysis
• Generally done in a dealer lab
• Every 250 hrs.
– Level 2 analysis
• Generally done in a specialized lab
• Once a year or as indicated by Level I
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services S·O·S Coolant Analysis
• Level 1: verification of coolant properties
– Chemistry
• glycol % (refractometer)
• nitrite % (titration)
• water hardness
• acidity (pH meter)
– Conductivity
• total dissolved solids
(conductivity meter)
– Physical attributes
• appearance, color, odor
• foam
Equipment Management Solutions
S•O•SSM Services S·O·S Coolant Analysis
• Level 2: coolant properties + cooling system
condition complete evaluation
– Engine, transmission, hydraulic cooling system
– Degradation
• hardness
• ammonia level,
• reserve alkalinity
– Chemistry
• source of inhibitor depletion
• source of oxidation products
• source of contaminants (chromatograph)
• corrosion and scaling products identification (spectro)
Equipment Management Solutions
