GP - 13/5/2015

Structural Design of Al-Quds

Open University in Salfit
Prepared By :
Ahmed Ibrahim Saleh
Hind Fuad Tbaileh
Karim Abdulhakim Jawhari
Submitted to :
Eng. Ibrahim Arman 1
3D Architectural Model of The
Project

2
Project Description
 The project is located in Salfit

 The project consists of three blocks separated by seismic joints.

 Block 1 and Block 2 consist of 4 floors

 Block 3 consists of 4 floors and a basement

 Total Project Area = 4200m2

 Total Building Area = 1450m2

3
Project Description : Site Plan

Block (1) Block (3)

Block
(2)

4
Ground Floor Architectural Plan

Block (3)

Block
Block (1) (2)

5
First Floor Architectural Plan

Block (3)

Block
Block (1) (2)

6
Second Floor Architectural Plan

Block (3)

Block
Block (1) (2)

7
Third ( Roof ) Floor Architectural Plan

Block (3)

Block
Block (1) (2)

8
Objectives of Graduation Project
1) To form a better knowledge about the different engineering
codes such as UBC-97 and IBC-2012 regarding :
 Earthquake Loads
 Wind Loads
2) To make a preliminary design for the structural members in
each block.
3) To analyze and design Block (1) using a 3D structural model
using the provisions of UBC-97 and IBC-2012.
4) To do a simplified comparison between the results and design
obtained from UBC-97 and IBC-2012
9
The Codes Used in This Project
 The Codes used in this project are the following :

1) Uniform Building Code ( UBC-97 ) for both wind and

earth quake loads
2) International Building Code ( IBC-2012 ) for both wind
and earth quakes
3) ASCE-7 (2010)
4) Jordanian Code
5) ACI 318-11 and ACI 318-95

10
Seismic Zone Requirements (UBC-97)
 Seismic Zone Factor (Z) Map Prepared By An-Najah National
University is used to determine the seismic zone for Salfit

 Seismic Zone for

Salfit is 2A

 Factor (Z) = 0.15

11
Seismic Zone Requirements (IBC-
2012)
 Mapped Acceleration parameters (S1 and SS) are shown below :

 SS = 0.6
 S1 = 0.3

SS MAP (2%) S1 MAP (2%) 12

Structural Materials
1) Concrete

 Used Compressive Strength (fc’) for Slabs, Beams, Columns

and Footings is 28 MPa.

 Modulus of Elasticity = 24870 MPa

 Unit Weight for used Concrete is 25 kN/m3

13
Structural Materials
2) Reinforcing Steel

Yielding Stress for used Steel is 420 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity is 200,000 MPa

Unit Weight (ɣ) is 77kN/m3

14
Non-Structural Materials
1) Concrete Blocks

The used blocks were of 100 mm thickness, 200mm height and

400mm length in internal partitions and in external walls having
a unit weight of 12kN/m3

Internal partitions are 250mm thickness having two layers of

100mm concrete blocks with an isolation with of 50mm

For external walls, a single layer of 100mm concrete block is

used.
15
Non-Structural Materials
2) Building Stones:

The average density for used building stones is 2700 kg/m3

The Three main shapes of the used stones are:

1. Tobzeh Stone
2. Mufajjar Stone
3. Matabbeh Stone

16
Non-Structural Materials
3) Plastering:
 Three layers of plastering will be used to achieve the
required smoothness with an average thickness of 20mm
for each layer

4) Tiles:
The main two types of tiles that will be used in the building
are Mosaic Tiles for internal rooms and Ceramic Tiles for
kitchens and WCs with an average density of 2500 kg/m3
17
The Philosophy of Design
 A 3D Model was constructed and analyzed using SAP2000 program
taking into consideration the effects of dynamic Loads

 Columns and Beams were represented as line elements.

 Slabs and shear walls were modeled as area elements.

 The connections between the footings and the column necks were
represented as pin connections.

 The Ultimate Design Method (LRFD) were used in the preliminary

design phase.
18
Load Types
1. Live Load:
Used Live Load = 4.0 kN/m2

19
Load Types
2. Snow Load:
Site Snow Load (So) = (532 – 400) / 320 = 0.4125 kN/m2

Design Snow Load on Roof (Sd) = 0.8 X 0.4125 = 0.33 kN/m2

20
Load Types
3. Super Imposed Dead Load:
i. Filling Material: 100mm of crushed gravel mixed with sand is
used having a density of 1800 kg/m3
 Filling Material Load = 0.1 X 1800 = 180 kg/m2

ii. Mortar: 20mm were used with an assumed average density of

2300 kg/m3
 Mortar Load = 0.02 X 2300 = 46 kg/m2

21
Load Types
iii. Tiles: an average thickness of tiles were taken as 30mm with a
density of 2500 kg/m3
 Tiles Load = 0.03 X 2500 = 75 kg/m2

 Total superimposed dead load = 3 kN/m2

22
Load Types
iv. Internal Walls: two types were used:
 Single Layer (100mm) internal wall load per meter run =
0.1 X 1200 X 3.64 = 436.8 kg/m = 4.25 kN/m
 Double Layer (250mm) internal wall load per meter run =
0.2 X 1200 X 3.64 = 873.6 kg/m = 8.5 kN/m

v. External Walls: which consists of:

 External wall load per meter run =
((0.03 X 2700) + (0.07 X 2500) + (0.1 X 1200)) X 3.9
= 1467 kg/m = 14.4 kN/m

23
Load Combinations
 Using IBC 2012:

24
Load Combinations
 Using UBC 1997:

25
Preliminary Design of The Project
 To do the preliminary design for the blocks the following
procedure is used :

1) Determine the load assigns for the block.

2) Determine the distribution of beams .
3) Determine the thickness of the slab .
4) Calculate the ultimate load for the slab.
5) Check the shear and the reinforcement for the slab.
6) Determine the dimensions of the beams.
7) Determine the dimensions of the columns.
26
Preliminary Design of The Project
 Table 2-2 shows the beam dimensions for Block (1) from the
preliminary design stage:
Table 2-2 Beams Properties

 Slab thickness = 150mm

 Column Dimension = 500x500mm 27
Preliminary Design of The Project

28
Equivalent Lateral Force (IBC-2012)
 The Following Parameters are used in the calculations :

Acceleration Parameter at Short Period (Ss) = 0.6

Acceleration Parameter at 1-SEC Period (S1) = 0.3
Fa = 1.16 ( Table 1-14 )
Fv = 1.5 ( Table 1-15 )
SDS = 2/3 x 1.16 x 0.6 = 0.464
SD1 = 2/3 x 1.5 x 0.3 = 0.30
Risk Category = (II)
Effective Weight (W) = 25634kN
29
Equivalent Lateral Force (IBC-2012)
 The Following factors are from Table 12.2-1 in ASCE-7 (2010)
Response Modification Coefficient (R) = 5.5
Overstrength Factor (Ωo) = 2.5
Deflection amplification Factor (Cd) = 4.5
 Structural Period is approximated using the following :

 (Equation 1-41)

 (Equation 1-42)

30
Equivalent Lateral Force (IBC-2012)
 The following Table shows the calculations of structural
period according to Equation 1-41 and Equation 1-42 :

 Approximate Fundamental Period (Ta) = 0.1623 Seconds

31
Equivalent Lateral Force (IBC-2012)
 These are the equations used for Base Shear (V) calculation :

Base Shear (Equation 1-9)

Seismic Coefficient (Equation 1-11)

Maximum Coefficient (Equation 1-10)

 Minimum Coefficient Eq.(1-10)

32
Equivalent Lateral Force (IBC-2012)
 Applying the previous Equations:

 Select The Value of Base Shear (V) = 2163 kN

33
Equivalent Lateral Force (IBC-2012)
 The seismic force is distributed according to this equation :

 Force Per Floor (Equation 1-43)

 Distribution Factor (Equation 1-44)

34
Equivalent Lateral Force (UBC-97)
 The Following Parameters are used in the calculations :

Seismic Zone Factor for Salfit (Zone 2A) = 0.15

Soil Profile = Sc
Ca = 0.18 ( Table 1-8 )
Cv = 0.25 ( Table 1-9 )
Importance Factor (I) = 1
Reduction Factor (R) = 5.5 ( Table 1-12)
Effective Weight (W) = 25634kN

35
Equivalent Lateral Force (UBC-97)
 Due to the existence of concrete shear walls the following
formula where used:

Ac = 5.45 m2

 For the Calculation of Ct:

 Ct = 0.0318

The Natural Period Tn = 0.256 sec

36
Equivalent Lateral Force (UBC-97)
 These are the equations used for Base Shear (V) calculation :

 (Equation 1-9)

 (Equation 1-11)

 (Equation 1-10)

37
Equivalent Lateral Force (UBC-97)
 Applying the previous Equations :

 Select The Maximum Value of Base Shear (V) = 2097.32 kN 38

Equivalent Lateral Force (UBC-97)
 The seismic Base Shear (V) is distributed according to this
equation :

Force Per Floor (Equation 1-14)

39
Calculating Wind Load (UBC-97)
 The Following Parameters are used in the calculations :

 Basic Wind Speed = 120 km/hr

 Exposure = C
 Importance Factor (Iw) = 1 ( Table 1-26 )
 Wind Stagnation = 0.7 kN/m2 ( Table 1-27 )
 Pressure Coefficient (Cq):
1. For windward = +0.8
2. For Leeward = -0.5

40
Calculating Wind Load (UBC-97)

 Combined height, importance and gust factor (Ce) :

41
Wind Load-Block 1 (UBC-97)
 Windward Pressure = Ce Cq qs Iw
= 1.06 X 0.8 X 0.7 X 1 = 0.6 kN/m2

 Windward force = P X Tributary Area

= 0.6 X 25.42 X 2.21 = 33.34 kN

42
Wind Load-Block 1
(UBC-97)

43
Calculating Wind Load (IBC-2012)
 The Following Parameters are used in the calculations :

 Basic Wind Speed (V)= 175km/hr = 49m/sec

 Exposure = C
 Wind Directionality Factor (Kd) = 0.85 (Table 1-39)
 Topographic Factor (Kzt)= 1
 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (Kz) : (Table 1-41)
 Gust-effect (G) = 0.85
 External Pressure Coefficient (Cp):
1. For windward = +0.8
2. For Leeward = -0.5
44
Calculating Wind Load (IBC-2012)
 Velocity Pressure (qz):

45
Wind Load - Block 1 (IBC-2012)
 Windward Pressure (P) = qz X G X Cp
= 1063 X 0.85 X 0.8 / 1000 = 0.723kN/m2

 Windward force = P X Tributary Area

= 0.723 X 25.42 X 2.21 = 40.26kN

46
Wind Load-Block 1
(IBC-2012)

47
Structural 3D Modeling
 The structure is modeled using SAP2000 program
 All Window Openings were considered

48
Verification of Structural Analysis
1) Compatibility Check :
 The following figure proves the compatibility of the model

49
Verification of Structural Analysis
2) Equilibrium Verification

 The Loads assigned to the model are :

i. Own Weight = Calculated automatically in the SAP2000

ii. Super imposed dead load = 3.0 kN/m2

iii. Live Load = 4.0 kN/m2

iv. Earthquake Loads

v. Wind Loads

vi. Snow Loads

50
Verification of Structural Analysis
2) Equilibrium Verification

 The following table shows the base reactions obtained from the
analysis of SAP2000

Table 3-1 Base Reactions From SAP2000 Program

51
Verification of Structural Analysis
1. Live Load Verification
 Total Live Load from hand calculation = 5484 kN
 Total Live Load from SAP2000 program = 5320 kN
 Difference Percentage = (5848-5319)/5484 = 3%

2. Dead Loads Verification ( Own Weight )

 Value from SAP2000 Program for Own Weight = 14570kN
 Own Weight = 14460kN
 Difference Percentage = (14570-14460)/14570 = 0.75%

52
Verification of Structural Analysis
3. Superimposed Dead Load Verification
 Super Imposed Dead Loads = 10924kN
 Value from SAP2000 Program =10832kN
 Difference Percentage = (10924-10832)/10924 = 0.85%

53
Verification of Internal Forces
1) Check of Slabs Internal Forces
 Ultimate Load (Wu) = 14.5 kN/m
 Bending Moment According to SAP2000 = 7.81 kN.m
 The clear span (ln) = 3.0m
 Using the ACI Coefficient Method for analysis :
Bending Moment = Wu ln2/16 = 14.5x32/16 = 8.156 kN.m

 Difference Percentage
=(8.156-7.81)/8.156
= 4.24 %

54
Verification of Internal Forces
2) Check of Beams Internal Forces
The following figure shows the beam to be checked

Figure 3-26 The Plan of The Beam Selected for Internal Forces Check 55
Verification of Internal Forces
 Bending Moment Diagram Obtained From SAP2000 :

 Positive Bending Moment from SAP2000 = 177 kN.m

 Negative Bending Moment from SAP2000 = 86 kN.m
 Center to Center Span of the beam = 5.85 m
 Tributary Width = (3.78+3.55) / 2 = 3.665 m
 Load of Partition Wall = 8.5 kN/m
 Total Ultimate Load = 14.5 x 3.665 + 1.2 x 8.5 = 63.3 kN/m
 Calculated Moment = Wu L2/8 = 63.3x5.82/8 = 266 kN.m
 Moment from SAP2000 = 177 + 86 = 263 kN.m
 Difference Percentage = (266 - 263)/266 = 1.13% 56
Verification of Internal Forces
3) Check of Columns Internal Forces
 Figure 3-28 shows the plan of ground floor where the column is to be
checked

Figure 3-28 Position of the Column to be Checked in Terms of Internal Forces 57

 Verification of Internal Forces
 For the Live Loads
 Tributary Area = 23.30m2
 Live Load on The Floor = 4kN/m2
 The following figure shows the axial load from SAP2000

 Live Load from SAP2000 = 320 kN

 Live Load using tributary area = 23.3x( 1.5 + 4 x 3 ) = 315 kN

 Difference Percentage = (320 - 315) / 320 = 1.56%

58
Serviceability Check
 The following table shows the allowable deflection limits

 The Selected Limit to be Checked is L/240

59
 Serviceability Check
 The serviceability is checked in terms of long-term deflection

 Where λ is the time factor

 ΔLT = Total long term deflection
 ΔD = Immediate deflections due to dead loads
 ΔL = Immediate deflections due to live loads

 25% of Live load is assumed to be sustained forever

60
Serviceability Check
 This figure shows the long term deflection in the third floor
obtained from SAP2000

61
Serviceability Check
 The Long term deflection = 84mm
 Allowable Deflection = L/240 = 12.8/240 = 54mm
 The Long term deflection exceeds the allowable limit
 Beam Dimensions increased from 400x500mm to 500x700

62
Check of Lateral Forces
 The following table shows a comparison between the value of lateral
forces obtained by hand calculation and by SAP2000.

63
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
1) The code used for design and detailing is ACI 318-11 regarding
seismic and gravity loads.
2) The structural system is Building Frame System with Special
Shear Walls ( Intermediate Frames ).
3) Provisions were applied to all structural members including:
 Beams
 Columns
 Shear Walls
 Foundations
 Tie Beams

64
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Design and Detailing of Intermediate Beams :
1) Positive moment strength at joints shall be at least one third the
negative moment strength.
2) Negative and positive moment strength at any section shall be at
least one fifth the moment strength at joints.
3) Hoops shall be provided at a distance (2h) from the joints with a
spacing equals the minimum of

4) Other hoops shall be spaced not more than (d/2)

65
Structural Design of Concrete Members

66
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for Beams :
1) The beam to be designed is (B2) in GF between gridlines (C&E)
2) Dimensions : B =400mm, h =450mm, d =390mm, Span =5.53m
3) Ultimate Moment (Mu)= 180 kN.m, Ultimate Shear (Vu)= 167 kN

4) Reinforcement ratio

5) Area of steel = 0.008443 x 400 x 390 = 1317mm2

6) Design results obtained from SAP2000 are OK

67
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Sample Design for Beams :
1) For Top Steel, 2Ø16 are provided as continuous bars As=402mm2
2) Cut-off bars at a distance of (ln/3) = 2m are used for the remaining
area As= 1301-402 = 900mm2, use 3Ø20.
3) For Bottom Steel, As=611mm2, use 4Ø14.
4) Spacing of Hoops = 100mm (at a distance 2h from joints faces).
5) Spacing of other Hoops = 200mm.

68
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Sample Design for Beams :
 Figures below show the longitudinal section and cross sections for B2 :

69
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Design and Detailing of Special Shear Walls :
1) Transverse and Longitudinal rebar ratio (ρt and ρl) shall be at least
0.0025
2) Spacing of reinforcement shall not exceed 450mm
3) Two diagonal bars Ø16 shall be provided at the corners of openings
4) Effective depth = 80% of Shear wall length (lw)
5) Nominal Shear Capacity (Vn) shall not exceed Equation 3-24:

6) Strength reduction factor (Ø) = 0.6 for seismic category (D).

7) Vertical segments between openings (wall piers) shall have
transverse reinforcement with 150mm maximum spacing 70
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Design and Detailing of Special Shear Walls :
8) Special Boundary Elements shall be provided where the stress
exceeds 0.2fc` assuming a linearly elastic model.
9) Spacing of transverse reinforcement in boundary elements shall
not exceed the minimum of

where So = Spacing between legs of Ties.

71
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Sample Design for Shear Walls :
1) The shear wall to be designed is (SW7) between gridlines (1&2)
2) Dimensions : L = 3250mm, bw = 200mm, d = 2600mm
3) Mu,major= 1403 kN.m, Mu,minor= 100 kN.m, Pu=1700 kN, Vu=385kN

4) To account for major

moment and axial
force, minimum steel
is assumed
=0.0025 x 2750 x 200
=1375mm2

72
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Sample Design for Shear Walls :
5) To account for minor moment, additional steel is needed:

6) Total Area of Longitudinal bars = 2035 x 2 + 1375 = 5445mm 2

Use 1Ø16/200mm for each layer in the shear wall.
7) Concrete shear capacity
8) Rebar capacity Vs = (Vu/Ø) - Vc =(381/0.6) – 388 = 247 kN > Vs,min
Use 1Ø12/250mm for each layer in the shear wall.
9) Stress σmax=8.56 MPa > 0.2fc` = 5.6 MPa
Special Boundary Elements are needed. 73
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Sample Design for Shear Walls :
10) Spacing of transverse reinforcement for special boundary elements
= minimum of → use 1Ø10/100mm

74
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Design and Detailing of Special Shear Walls :
11) Wall piers reinforcement and Diagonal bars around openings are
also provided as shown :

75
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Design and Detailing of Columns :
1) Spacing (So) shall be provided at both ends for length (L o):

2) Max. vertical spacing outside (Lo):

76
Structural Design of Concrete Members

77
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for Columns :
1) The Column to be designed is (C8)
in GF between gridlines (3&E)
2) Dimensions : Square (500X500)mm
Clear Length = 4.42m
3) Ultimate Moment (Mu)= 12.5 kN.m
Minimum Moment = 36.4 kN.m
Ultimate Axial (Pu)= 1214 kN
Axial Capacity (Ø Pn,max) = 3600 kN
4) Reinforcement Ratio = 1%
As = 2500 mm2 (16 Ø 14)

78
Structural Design of Concrete Members
•Sample
  Design for Columns :
 Check of Column Slenderness
• Moment of Inertia (I) = 5.2 X 10-3 m4
• Area (A) = 0.25 m2
• Radius of Gyration (r) = 0.144 m
• Effective Length Factor (K) = 1.0
• Unbraced Length (Ln) = 4.25 m
• Slenderness Ratio = = 29.5
• Moment 1 = 0 Moment 2 = 12.5 kN.m
• 34 – 12 = 34 > 29.5 Non-Slender Column

79
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Sample Design for Columns :
1) For Ø 14, Lap Splice = 800mm
2) Distance (Lo) = 700mm
Spacing (So) = 100mm
3) Spacing outside (Lo) = 200mm

80
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Design and Detailing of Slabs :
1) Flexural Capacity of slabs is given by:

2) Shear Capacity of concrete is given by:

81
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for Slabs :
 The GF Slab is going to be designed
 Dimensions : Strip width = 1000mm, h = 150mm, d = 120mm
IN X-DIRECTION
1) Ultimate Moment (Mu) = 10 kN.m

2) Reinforcement Ratio

As,required = 216 mm2/m < As,minimum = 270 mm2/m

As,used = 392 mm2/m (5 Ø 10mm/m) (2 Layers)
3) Ultimate Shear (Vu) = 15 kN < Shear Capacity (ØVc) = 79.3 kN
NO need for Shear reinforcement.
82
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for Slabs :
 The GF Slab is going to be designed
 Dimensions : Strip width = 1000mm, h = 150mm, d = 120mm
IN Y-DIRECTION
1) Ultimate Moment (Mu)= 10.5 kN.m

2) Reinforcement Ratio

As,required = 228 mm2/m < As,minimum = 270 mm2/m

As,used = 392 mm2/m (5 Ø 10mm/m) (2 Layers)
3) Ultimate Shear (Vu) = 28.2 kN < Shear Capacity (ØVc) = 79.3 kN
NO need for Shear reinforcement.
83
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Sample Design for Slabs :
1) For Ø 10 Top Steel, Lap Splice = 1.3 X (L dt ) = 500mm
2) For Ø 10 Bottom Steel, Lap Splice = Ldt = 400mm

84
Structural Design of Concrete Members
Sample Design for Slabs :
1) When the longitudinal bar ends
with a beam use 90o hook;
Development (Ldh ) = 180mm
Bent Radius = 40mm
Hook Length = 120mm

2) When the longitudinal bar ends

with a Shear Wall use 180o hook;
Development (Ldh ) = 180mm
Bent Radius = 40mm

85
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Seismic Requirements For Footings:
1) The development length shall be checked at both ends of the footing using
standard hook depending on the bar size.
2) The hoops of the columns shall be continued in the footing at least 300mm
from the top face of footing.
3) The clear cover below the footing shall be at least 70mm if there is no
blinding layer, and 40mm in the case of having a blinding layer.
4) The longitudinal bars of the columns shall extend in the footing with a
standard hook noticing that the extensions of the standard hook are
pointed towards the center of the column in each direction.
5) Service combinations are used to determine the largest axial service load
considering the earthquake effect in these combinations :
→ 0.6D + 0.7E → 1.0D + 0.75L + 0.75E → 1.0D + 0.70E 86
Structural Design of Concrete Members

87
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for single footings:
1) The footing to be designed is (F1) for Column (9)
2) General information for column (9): cross section= 500x500mm,
PService=1370KN, Pultimate = 2360KN.
3) Calculating the required area :

4) Calculating the ultimate stress:

88
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for single footings:

5) Determining the thickness of the footing: assuming the thickness

h = 700mm and d = 620mm.
6) The ultimate shear on the footing :

7) The wide beam shear :

89
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for single footings:
8) Checking the punching shear which is the minimum of the
following equation:

 While the ultimate shear on the footing equals to the ultimate stress
multiplied by the area = 377.6 x 2.5 x 2.5 = 2360KN.
90
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for single footings:
9) The ultimate moment on the footing =

10) Reinforcement ratio:

 Which gives As= 0.0013x620x1000=813.6mm2.

 So use minimum steel with 1Ø18/200mm as a bottom steel and half the
shrinkage as top steel 1Ø14/200mm. 91
Structural Design of Concrete
Members
Sample Design for single footings:

92
Structural Design of Concrete Members
•Design
  for Tie Beams :
1) Tie Beams shall have an axial design strength for a force not less than:
Pu = 0.1 X SDS X Pcolumn
where Pcolumn is the largest ultimate load between the columns.
As =
2) To take into consideration the positive and negative moments that may
result in the tie beam, 2 layers of minimum Area of steel where
applied, one of them as a top layer and the other as a bottom one.
As,minimum =

93
Structural Design of Concrete Members
•Design
  for Tie Beams :
1) Assuming dimensions:
b = 350 mm, h = 700 mm, d = 640 mm
2) Pu = 0.1 X 0.46 X 2364 = 113.5 kN
3) As = = 300.2 mm2 use (4 Ø 12)

4) As,minimum = 0.00333 X 350 X 640 = 746 mm2

use (4 Ø 16)

94
Comparison between UBC-97 and IBC-
2012
1) Comparison is done between UBC-97 and IBC-2012 codes
regarding the following :
a) Wind and earthquake forces
b) Detailing requirements and provisions
c) Design results ( required reinforcement )
2) Table 3-9 shows a brief comparison between the two codes

95
Comparison between UBC-97 and IBC-
2012
Comparison of Detailing Requirements:
1) IBC-2012 uses ACI 318-11 and UBC97 uses ACI 318-95 for detailing
2) For Intermediate Beams, ACI 318-11 stipulates the following :
a) Positive moment strength at joints shall be at least one third the negative
moment strength.
b) Negative and positive moment strength at any section shall be at least
one fifth the moment strength at joints.
c) Hoops shall be provided at a distance (2h) from the joints with a spacing
equals the minimum of

d) Other hoops shall be spaced not more than (d/2)

Comparison between UBC-97 and IBC-
2012
Comparison of Detailing Requirements:
3) For Intermediate Columns, ACI 318-11 stipulates the following :
a) Spacing (So) shall be provided at both ends for length (L o) :

b) Max. vertical spacing outside (Lo) :

c) The first hoop shall not be located more than (S o/2) from the joint face
Comparison between UBC-97 and IBC-
2012
Comparison of Detailing Requirements:
4) These Figures are cropped literally from ACI 318-95 for Beams :
Comparison between UBC-97 and IBC-
2012
Comparison of Detailing Requirements:
5) These Figures are cropped literally from ACI 318-95 for Columns :
Comparison between UBC-97 and IBC-
2012
Comparison of Design Results :
1) Two models for UBC-97 and IBC-2012 are designed in order to
compare the design results obtained from SAP2000 Program.
2) These figures show the area of longitudinal bars for Frame 3-3

IBC-2012 UBC-97
Comparison between UBC-97 and IBC-
2012
Discussion and Conclusion:
1) Base shear obtained from IBC-2012 is slightly larger than Base shear
obtained from UBC-97 ( VIBC = 2163 kN > VUBC = 2097 kN ).
2) The minor difference in seismic base shear (V) between both codes
will not yield a considerable difference in the results of design.
3) Detailing requirements of seismic design for both ACI 318-11 and
ACI 318-95 are the same.
4) Both codes are applicable and yield good design results.
5) For PALESTINE, UBC-97 is still good although the probability of
exceedance is 10% compared to IBC-2012 (2%) when using the local
maps ( Israeli Code for SS and S1, Seismic Zone Factor Map for Z )
The End

102