Computer Networks-Lab
HAREEM ASLAM
[email protected]
Layered Tasks
• We use the concept of layers in our daily life.
• As an example, let us consider two friends who communicate through
postal mail. The process of sending a letter to a friend would be
complex if there were no services available from the post office.
Figure 2.1 Tasks involved in sending a letter
The OSI Model
Established in 1947, the International Standards Organization (ISO) is a
multinational body dedicated to worldwide agreement on international
standards.
An ISO standard that covers all aspects of network communications is the
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. It was first introduced in the late
1970s.
2.4
Note
ISO is the organization.
OSI is the model.
Seven layers of the OSI model
The interaction between layers in the OSI model
Seven layers of the OSI model
My password is ”cnlabf18@oldcampus#”
Seven layers of the OSI model
Adfdgfh*dkfg$jjhd#
Seven layers of the OSI model
Adfdgfh*dkfg$jjhd#
Seven layers of the OSI model
TL - INFO - Adfdgfh*dkfg$jjhd#
Seven layers of the OSI model
NL – INFO - TL - INFO - Adfdgfh*dkfg$jjhd#
Seven layers of the OSI model
DL- INFO - NL – INFO - TL - INFO –
Adfdgfh*dkfg$jjhd#
Seven layers of the OSI model
011100010010101000010101101010100010101
It enables the user to access the
network resources.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY
APPLICATIONS LAYER
File Transfer and Access Management
(FTAM).
Mail Services.
Directory Services.
It is concerned with the syntax and
semantics of the information
exchanged between two systems.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY PRESENTATION
LAYER
Translation
Encryption
Compression
It establishes, maintains, and
synchronizes the interaction among
communication devices.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY SECESSION
LAYER
Dialog control
Synchronization
It is responsible for process-to-process
delivery of the entire message.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY
TRANSPORT LAYER
Port addressing
Segmentation and Reassembly
Connection control
End-to-End Flow control
Error control
It is responsible for delivery of data from
the original source to the destination
network.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY NETWORK
LAYER
Logical Addressing
Routing
It is responsible for moving data
(frames) from one node to another
node.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY DATA LINK
LAYER
Framing
Physical Addressing
Flow Control
Error Control
Access Control
It is responsible for transmitting bits over a
medium. It also provides electrical and
mechanical specifications.
SERVICES PROVIDED BY PHYSICAL LAYER
Physical characteristics of the media
Representation of bits
Data rate
Synchronization of bits
Line configuration
Physical topology
Transmission mode
Summary of layers
SERVICES PROVIDED BY EACH LAYER
File Transfer and Access Management (FTAM), Mail
Services, Directory Services.
Translation, Encryption, Compression
Dialog control ,Synchronization
Port addressing, Segmentation and Reassembly,
Connection control, End-to-End Flow control. Error control
Logical Addressing , Routing
Framing, Physical Addressing, Flow Control, Error
Control, Access Control
Physical characteristics of the media, Representation of bits,
Data rate, Synchronization of bits, Line configuration,
Physical topology, Transmission mode
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not exactly match those in
the OSI model. The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as
having four layers: host-to-network, internet, transport, and
application. However, when TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say
that the TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five layers: physical, data
link, network, transport, and application.
2.26
Differences between OSI and TCP / IP Reference Models
• OSI model is a generic model that is based upon functionalities of each layer.
TCP/IP model is a protocol-oriented standard.
• OSI model distinguishes the three concepts, namely, services, interfaces,
and protocols. TCP/IP does not have a clear distinction between these three.
• OSI model gives guidelines on how communication needs to be done, while
TCP/IP protocols layout standards on which the Internet was developed. So,
TCP/IP is a more practical model.
• In OSI, the model was developed first and then the protocols in each layer
were developed. In the TCP/IP suite, the protocols were developed first and
then the model was developed.
• The OSI has seven layers while the TCP/IP has four layers.
TCP/IP and OSI model
ADDRESSING
Four levels of addresses are used in an internet
employing the TCP/IP protocols: physical, logical, port,
and specific.
2.31
Figure 2.18 Relationship of layers and addresses in TCP/IP
2.32
