5G WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS: POTENTIALS
AND CHALLENGES
Atul Tiwari, Pranay Pratyush, Vishal Mishra (Members EEE Branch 2K22)
‘Project on 5G’ Group, Department of ECE, B.I.T. Mesra, Ranchi-835215(JH), India
btech10634.22@[Link], btech10898.22@[Link], btech10663.22@[Link]
Abstract
The goal of 5G, a wireless networking architecture based on the 802.11ac IEEE wireless networking standard, is
to triple the speed and rate of data transport compared to 4G. (IEEE 802.11n). Energy consumption and
effective device communication are the primary 5G issues. The solutions mentioned in the context include
energy harvesting and smallcell technologies. In this work, we suggested a novel strategy that relies on two
methodologies that are thoroughly explained. Also, the MMC and MN structures have been explored in order to
provide the devices with communication, and the results are detailed in this book.
Key words: 5G, Small cell, Energy Harvesting, Moving Massive Machine Communication (MMC)
1. Introduction
The use of mobile and web technologies has increased the volume of data in recent years. Large
bandwidth and a new communication protocol are features of 5G. Because of that, data
communication was successfully managed. A brand-new technology called 5G has emerged with
a number of cutting-edge capabilities that offer a revolutionary approach to communication
technology [1]. Yet, the mobile network's quick evolution and the continued growth of the use of
mobile applications have created several issues. The two key issues are energy usage and efficient
equipment communication.
Increasing the number of Internet-connected devices and enabling wireless communication
between them are two strategies used to reduce energy consumption. To limit the use of small
cells, the distance between the terminals is proposed first. Smallcells are useful for increasing the
data capacity of a small station on the network and for enhancing coverage in challenging
conditions. Second, energy collecting techniques are employed for self-powered gadgets with as
little electricity as possible. Less energy is used by the user as a result of efficient interactions
between small cell technology and energy harvesting [Link] ability of the devices to
communicate effectively is one of the primary issues with 5G technology. Two approaches have
been suggested to address issues with communication device issues. The first is a technology
called Massive Machine Communication (MMC). MMC enables the connection to be made
between network-capable devices and future wireless communication technologies. Moving
Networks technology is the second. With the use of this technology, moving objects can connect
with other mobile nodes.
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2. Energy Efficiency
In traditional wireless network communication, it is important to focus on increasing data
transfer rate, coverage, and capacity. Yet, the remedies put forth result in energy declines [2]. New
paradigms that treat energy efficiency as the key attribute of the structure were suggested to
address these issues in the new generation wireless network. According to the traditional design,
the next generation design features numerous nodes. More nodes meant more energy was needed.
The proposed system must therefore have a reasonable amount of energy usage. This paradigm
includes the new intelligent quality of energy efficiency [3].
2.1. Smallcell
Smallcell is a brand-new, comprehensive idea for designing next-generation nodes. This design
was aimed at radio access nodes with low power requirements. Operating in licenced and
unlicensed carriers according to their grades is another feature of this concept. The small cell's
coverage area ranged from ten metres to many hundreds. Tiny cell architecture is used by homes
and businesses. Moreover, small cell architecture operates effectively in urban networks and
public areas. Small cell solutions come in many different varieties. Femtocells, picocells, and
metrocells are these varieties [4]. These smallcell technologies are based on femtocell innovation.
Its collection of standards, software, open interfaces, new flexible semiconductors, and know-how
are where the strength of femtocells comes [Link] ability of the smallcell technology is that
can be implemented to existing structure. So we can easily express that smallcell technology bring
a new and fresh breed for existing network [5].
Fig 1. Example of a figure caption.
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2.2. Energy Harvesting
In order to extend the lifespan of wireless energy-constrained networks, a prospective 5G
solution is wireless energy harvesting from man-made electromagnetic radiation. Lately, practical
time switching (TS) or power splitting (PS)-based wireless energy harvesting receivers have been
presented. The majority of current efforts look towards wireless energy. [6],[7]
Fig 2. An Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Network
2.3. Massive Machine Communication
With a wide range of application industries, such as the automotive industry, public safety,
emergency services, medical solutions, etc., MMC will serve as the foundation for the Internet of
Things. This Module addresses the traits and needs specific to these applications and offers tools
for effective machine-to-machine communications support. [8]
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Fig 3. Example of Massive Machine Network
2.4. Moving Networks
MN will strengthen and expand the connections between potentially enormous populations of
communication devices that are travelling together. [9] A set of moving network nodes (such as
advanced networking-capable cars or buses) can function as a "moving network" that can connect
with other fixed or mobile nodes inside or even outside the moving entity. [10],[11]
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Fig 4. Vehicles or Buses with Advanced Networking
3. Simulation Results
When there is 200 metres or less between two small cells, mobility occurs. (>150) In our
simulation, identical pilot power in two tiny cells results in identical handover location (There
is no impact).We can provide more accurate simulation result in future. [12], [13]
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Fig 5. Small Cell Configurations
Fig 6. Small cell simulation results
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Fig 7. Small cell simulation results
Conclusions
When two small cells are positioned no more than 150 metres apart, there is no mobility, and
the handover zones are unaffected by the same CPICH Tx Power between the two small cells.
Continuous Research (compare to, still have gap 50 m). More research is needed to determine the
effects of hysteresis margin (HM) and the power adjustment of small cells before moving on to
the LTE System.
References
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Ulrich Türke, Toward Energy-Efficient 5G Wireless Communications Technologies, 2014
4 Amit Khetawat, the Trouble with Small Cells, 2014
5 Simon Saunders, Why small cells make a big difference
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Efficiency Perspectives, 2014
13Mark C. Reed, He Wang, Performance Benefits of Small Cells and Radio Optimization in
Co-Channel Deployments
