Energy Consumption Pattern

Energy
⚫ It is a ‘capacity to do work’
⚫ In modern era people depend upon energy
⚫ Fossil fuel like coal, oil & natural gas are main source
of energy
⚫ Energy can be classified into several types based
on the following criteria:
1. Primary and Secondary energy
2. Commercial and Non commercial energy
3. Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

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Energy

Primary Energy World Consumption (courtesy BP 2013)

(Million tonnes oil equivalent) 5
Energy

Primary energy regional consumption pattern 2012 (courtesy BP 2013)

(Percentage)

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 Conventional Source of Energy
⚫ Coal, oil and natural gas are the major source of
energy from longtime

⚫ Still 80% energy requirement is fulfill by fossil fuel

⚫ Coal play a major role to run thermal power plant

⚫ Due to rapid industrialization, consumption

increase manifold

⚫ Oil and gas decide the economic condition of country

⚫ These resources are limited and must be conserve

⚫ Main cause of air pollution and global warming 5

 Energy and Economics
⚫ Energy is essential for Economic growth
⚫ Economics growth is essential for country like India
⚫ Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator for
Economics growth
⚫ Per Capita Energy Consumption of USA 13246 kwh/Year
⚫ India Per capita consumption is about 684kwh/Year
⚫ Economic growth of country is depend upon rate
of improvement in per capita energy consumption

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Oil Consumption Per Capita 2012
Tonnes

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Commercial form of Energy
⚫ Energy resource which is economical and
technically acceptable is known as commercial fuel
⚫ i.e. , after the invention of IC engine, oil become
a commercial fuel
⚫ Coal, oil and gas are used.
⚫ For sustainable growth, people look forward for
new available form of energy
⚫ Nuclear and hydro energy is one of the clean fuel and
have a future

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Coal Consumption Per Capita 2012
Tonnes oil equivalent

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Nuclear Energy Consumption Per Capita 2012
Million tonnes oil equivalent

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 Global Energy Consumption
⚫ There is uneven pattern of energy consumption in
different country
⚫ Developed country have a population of 10%, use
approx. 90% of the available resources
⚫ Some country where people depend on wood as a
form of energy
⚫ From last 20 year developing country focus on energy
sector
⚫ Rate of growth in energy sector in developed country
is 1% to 2%, but in developing country growth rate is 7
to 8%.
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 Per Capita Energy Consumption (kWh)
United Arab Emirates 9389
Sweden 14030
USA 13246
Australia 10720
Japan 7848 Per Capita Energy
7081 Consumption (kWh)
Germany 3298
China 680
Indonesia 684
India
0 5000 10000
15000

Source: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC14
 Need to reform in Energy sector
⚫ Developing countries require substantial investments
in their power sectors to sustain economic growth and
reduce poverty
⚫ Fossil fuels are depleted and need proper care
⚫ Global pollution level increase and there is threat of
global warming
⚫ Oil & gas crisis in 1980
⚫ Kyoto Protocol sign by country to reduce carbon
emission

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 Global Energy Crises
⚫ Global Energy requirement increases continuously
⚫ Fuel resources are depleted
⚫ Oil price increase continuously
⚫ It put pressure on country economic
⚫ Oil war start (developed country pressurized oil
rich country)
⚫ It is estimated that in next 50-60 year oil &
gas resources are consumed

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 Kyoto Protocol
⚫ First legal international agreement on
climate protection
⚫ It aim to reduce the level of Green House Gas emission
⚫ Annex-B country must limit there emissions
of GHG, most notably CO2 from fossil fuel
combustion
⚫ Annex-B country reduce GHG emission by 5.2%
on 1990 average (achieve goal by 2012)
⚫ There is system for carbon credit
⚫ It lack economic and environmental policy objective
⚫ Developing country are not much interested in
kyoto protocol 15
 Energy Scenario in India
⚫ India is a seventh largest country and have a
population of 1.2 billion people
⚫ To maintain growth rate, need rapid growth in energy
sector
⚫ 41% of electricity generation from thermal power plant

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 Energy scenario in India
⚫ By 2016-2017, total domestic energy production of 670
million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE). This meet only
71% of the expected demand.
⚫ As per the 2011 Census, 55.3% rural households had
access to electricity
⚫ Still most of the rural area have limited supply hours of
electricity
⚫ India ready to exploit renewable energy resources

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• India is the world's third largest producer and consumer of electricity.

• The national electric grid in India has an installed capacity of

375.32 GW as of 31 December 2020.

• Renewable power plants, which also include large hydroelectric plants,

constitute 36.17% of India's total installed capacity.

• During the (FY) 2019, the gross electricity generated by utilities in

India was 1,383.5 TWh and the total electricity generation (utilities

and non utilities) in the country was 1,598 TWh.

• The gross electricity consumption in FY2019 was 1,208 kWh per capita.

• In FY2015, electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as

being the highest (17.89%) worldwide

 Energy Conservation Act 2001
⚫ Legal framework and institutional arrangement for
embarking on an energy efficiency drive

⚫ Energy auditing for designated consumer energy

like intensive industry, railway,
commercial building, Plant etc. Powe
r
⚫ Establishment of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

⚫ Role of BEE: standard and labels of appliances, undertake

promotional activity, prepare building codes, maintain
central energy conservation fund etc.
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 Future Energy Resources
⚫ Current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy
crisis this century
⚫ Energy industry start inventing new ways to extract
energy from renewable sources
⚫ Due to lack of technology and economic
consideration, total shift toward renewable energy is
not possible
⚫ Nuclear energy have a future
⚫ Solar thermal plant, solar PV plant, wind energy play a
crucial role to satisfy the energy demand

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Renewable Energy and Sustainable
Development
⚫ Sustainable Development: “to meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future”
⚫ Effect of conventional source of energy: air pollution, acid
precipitation, ozone depletion, forest destruction, and
emission of radioactive substances
⚫ There is shortage of energy in near future
⚫ more use of renewable energy sources and technologies is
one of the solution
⚫ Renewable energy is a direct or indirect form of solar energy
⚫ Research is going on to make renewable energy economical
⚫ Once technology develop in renewable energy field, it help
in national sustainable economic growth
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 Renewable Energy in India
⚫ Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
come in picture in 2006
⚫ It work to increase the share of renewable energy
Output in GW
25
19.93
20
15
10
5 3.7 2.39
1.77 2.21
4 0.21
0

(Cumulative deployment of renewable energy as on 31.10.2013)

:Source MNRE
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Wind Energy
⚫ India have a wind potential of 50 GW at 50m height
⚫ Costal region in southern part of India is one of
the best site of wind energy
⚫ India is a fifth largest wind power producer in world
⚫ Wind energy sector is one of the fastest
growing renewable energy sector
⚫ Assessment of wind energy resource is done by C-WET
(Centre for Wind Energy Technology)
⚫ R&D and testing is done by C-WET

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 Biomass Power Programme
⚫ Objective of harnessing grid quality power from
biomass
⚫ Biomass material like bagasse, rice husk, cotton and
jute waste, de oiled cakes etc. are used to produce
energy
⚫ Bagasse based cogeneration in sugar mill have a
potential of 5000 MW
⚫ Biogas based generation in village using animal waste

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 Small Hydro Plant
⚫ Hydro plant of capacity less than 25 MW
⚫ Estimated potential of small hydro plant is 20 GW
⚫ It help to provide electricity in remote area
⚫ Government plant to electrify boarder village of
Arunachal Pradesh using small hydro plant
⚫ AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre),IIT Roorkee
is work to design international level R&D and testing
facility

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Solar Power
⚫ With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India have
abundant solar potential
⚫ Daily average solar energy incident over India
varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2
⚫ Technology advancement and drop in price of
PV module make solar PV plant a good choice
⚫ National Solar launch to encourage solar
Mission energy
⚫ Solar PV plant type:
1. Grid connected solar PV plant
2. Off grid (StandAlone) PV
plant 26
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission
⚫ Launched on 11 January 2010
⚫ It aim:
1. Deployment of 20000 MW of grid
connected solar plant by 2022
2. 2000 MW of off grid solar application
including 20
million solar lights by 2022
3. 20 million sq. meter of solar thermal collector
area
4. R&D and capacity building activities to
achieve grid parity by 2022
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Renewable Energy Policy Framework
⚫ Budgetary support for research, development and
demonstration of technologies
⚫ Financial Incentives, including for renewable energy
applications in rural areas
⚫ Promoting private investment through fiscal
incentives, tax holidays, depreciation allowance and
remunerative returns for power fed into the grid.
⚫ Finance for renewable energy: IREDA

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 Research ORGANIZATION
⚫ Solar Energy Centre
⚫ Centre of Wind Energy Technology (C-WET)
⚫ AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre)
⚫ IREDA ( Indian Renewable Energy
Development Agency)
⚫ SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India)
⚫ NCPRE (National Centre for Photovoltaic
Research and Education), IIT Bombay
⚫ Renewable energy centre in various IIT and NIT

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 Conclusion
⚫ India, one of the stable economic country
depend upon thermal power plant to meet 45 % demand

⚫ To make future brighter India gear up to utilize

renewable resources
⚫ Still the share of renewable energy is not significant

⚫ Various renewable energy mission launch

by government of India

⚫ Growth of renewable sector show that still in

future thermal plant is a main source of energy.

⚫ Nuclear plant and large hydro plant replace thermal

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THANK YOU

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