BASIC
BLOOD
TEST
MODULE 10
LEARNING
TARGET
-Conduct different
methods of blood
collection;
-Demonstrate
techniques
-Observe onexpected
the blood
smearing
blood testprocess;
result and,
-Determine the blood
type and RH type of a
given blood sample.
WHAT IS
BLOOD TEST?
-ARE COMMON
TEST
HEALTHCARE
PROVIDERS USE
TO MEASURE OR
EXAMINE
SUBSTANCE IN
DIFFERENT
METHODS OF
BLOOD COLLECTION
[Link]
URE
[Link]
VENIPUNCTURE
• A PROCEDURE IN WHICH A NEEDLE IS USED TO
TAKE BLOOD FROM VEINS, USUALLY FOR
LABORATORY TESTING.
• VENIPUNCTURE MAY ALSO BE DONE TO REMOVE
EXTRA RBC(RED BLOOD CELLS) FROM THE BLOOD,
TO TREAT CERTAIN BLOOD DISORDERS.
• ALSO CALLED BLOOD DRAW AND PHLEBOTOMY.
EQUIPMENT THAT WE CAN
IN VENIPUNCTURE:
a. TOURNIQUET
b. COLLECTION TUBES
c. NEEDLES
d. BUTTERFLY (WINGED BLOOD COLLECTION SET)
e. SYRINGES
f. SOLUTION FOR SKIN ANTISEPSIS
COMMON
COMPLICATION OF
VENIPUNCTURE
• ECCHYMOSIS (BRUISES)
• HEMATOMA
• FAINTING
• HEMOCONCENTRATION
• HEMOLYSIS
• PETECHIAE
• ALLERGIES
• NERVE DAMAGE
• SEIZURES
• VOMITING
CAPILLARY
• A BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTED BY PRICKING
THE SKIN.
• CAN BE USED TO TAKE SMALL VOLUME OF
SPECIMENS FOR MONITORING: BLOOD
GLUCOSE LEVEL, BLOOD GASES, FULL
BLOOD COUNTS.
BLOOD SMEAR
• SAMPLE OF BLOOD THAT IS SPREAD ON GLASS SLIDE WHICH IS TREATED
WITH A SPECIAL STAIN.
• BLOOD TEST THAT GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT THE NUMBER AND SHAPE OF
BLOOD CELLS.
• THREE MAIN BLOOD CELLS THAT THE TEST FOCUSES ON ARE:
1. RED BLOOD CELLS – WHICH CARRY OXYGEN THROUGHOUT THE BODY.
2. WHITE BLOOD CELLS – WHICH HELP THE BODY FIGHT BACTERIA AND
OTHER INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.
3. PLATELETS – WHICH ARE IMPORTANT FOR BLOOD CLOTTING.
BLOOD TYPING
AND RH TYPING
• METHOD TO TELL WHAT TYPE OF BLOOD
YOU HAVE.
• IT IS DONE SO WE CAN SAFELY DONATE
OUR BLOOD OR RECEIVE BLOOD
TRANSFUSION.
• IT IS ALSO DONE TO SEE IF WE HAVE
TYPES OF BLOOD
GROUPS ALONG WITH
ITS RH FACTOR
Blood Type A B O AB
Rh-positive A+ B+ O+ AB+
Rh-negative A- B- O- AB-
FOUR MAJOR BLOOD
GROUPS
• ALSO CALLED AS ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM
• THESE TYPES OF BLOOD GROUPS ARE:
1. BLOOD GROUP A
2. BLOOD GROUP B
3. BLOOD GROUP AB
4. BLOOD GROUP O
UNIVERSAL DONOR AND
UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
• TYPE O BLOOD GROUP IS CALLED THE UNIVERSAL DONOR, AS
IT CAN BE DONATED TO RECIPIENTS OF ANY BLOOD TYPE. THIS IS
BECAUSE TYPE O BLOOD GROUP NEITHER HAVE A OR B SURFACE OF
THE RED BLOOD CELLS.
• TYPE AB BLOOD GROUP IS CALLED THE UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
AND CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM THE DONORS OF ANY BLOOD TYPE.
THIS IS BECAUSE TYPE AB HAVE BOTH A AND B ANTIGENS ON THE
SURFACE OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS.
WHAT DETERMINE THE
BLOOD TYPE?
• THE PRESENCE OF ANTIGEN ON THE
SURFACE OF RED BLOOD CELL AND THE
ANTIBODIES IN THE BLOOD PLASMA CAN
DETERMINE THE BLOOD GROUPS OR
BLOOD TYPE OF AN INDIVIDUAL.
WHAT’S THE RAREST
BLOOD TYPE?
•AB-NEGATIVE IS
CONSIDERED TO BE THE
RAREST BLOOD TYPE.
