Chemical Reactions
and Equations
CHEMICAL REACTION
Is the process by
which a chemical
change takes place.
A change where a
new substance
is formed.
CHEMICAL EQUATION
Is the shorthand way of
expressing chemical reaction
using numbers, symbols
and formula.
Two Major Parts:
Reactants
Products
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
The starting The new substance
materials The substances that
These are the result of the
substances that chemical reaction
changes when it is
combined with
another substance
in a chemical
reaction
Reactant
Product
COEFFICIENT SUBSCRIPT
is a number before is the number of
the symbol or atoms of the
formula of a element found in
substance the substance
SYMBOLS USED IN
CHEMICAL EQUATION
Symbols Meaning
used to separate one reactant or
+ product from one another.
Can be read as “reacts with”
when used in reactant , read as
“and” when it is used in product.
used to separate the reactants
from the products
read as "yields" or "produces" in
an equation.
indicates that the substance is in
(s) the solid state.
SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL
EQUATION
Symbols Meaning
(l) indicates that the substance is in
the liquid state.
(g) indicates that the substance is in
the gas state.
(aq) indicates that the substance is
dissolved in water
comes from the term “aqueous”
indicates that there is heat
applied or needed to make the
reaction proceed.
EXAMPLE:
Sodium + Water
Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen gas
+2 NaO +
Reactants Symbol Products
Coefficient
Subscript
TRY THIS:
Mg(s) + Cl2(g) MgCl2(s)
1.
2. C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) + energy
3. + Fe + Na
4. +
BALANCING CHEMICAL
EQUATIONS
s e r v a t i o n o f
Law of Con
M ass
the sum of the masses of the products is
always the same as the sum of the masses of
the reactants.
states that mass is neither created nor
destroyed in any ordinary chemical reaction.
STEPS IN BALANCING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
1. Check for diatomic molecules.
-are molecules composed of only
two atoms, of either the same or different
chemical elements.
This includes , , , ,
, and .
STEPS IN BALANCING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
2. Check whether the chemical formulas of all
the reactants and products are correct. Check
the total number of atoms of each element on
each side of the equation.
3. A polyatomic ion appearing unchanged on
both sides of the equation is counted as a single
unit.
STEPS IN BALANCING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
4. Balance the elements one at a time by using
coefficients. Must not attempt to the balance the
equation by changing the subscripts in the
chemical formula of a substance.
STEPS IN BALANCING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
5. Check each atom or polyatomic ion to be
sure that the equation is balanced.
EXAMPLES:
1.If we had a container of
hydrogen gas and burned this
in the presence of oxygen, the
two gases would reacts
together, releasing energy, to
form water.
+ + energy
STEP 1:
Count the number of atoms of
each element on each side of
the equation.
Element Reactant Products
s
H 2 2 Equal
O 2 1 Not
STEP 2:
Pick one element in which you
can balance. Assign coefficient.
2 + 2 + energy
* The whole equation is now balanced.
2. Nitrogen gas reacts with
Hydrogen gas to form
Ammonia.
+ N
Element Reactant Products
s
N 2 1 Not
equal
H 2 3 Not
ea c ts w i th
e ta l r c
3 . Z in c m A c i d to f o r m Z i n
c h l or i c .
H y d ro H y d r o g e n g as
i d e a n d
Chlor
+ +
To bal
ance t
coeffic he eq
ient 2 uation
Hy d ro before , pu t
chlori
+2 c Ac i d
.
+
KEYWORDS AND
CONCEPT:
Ch e
mical Rea
ction
E qu a ti on
Chemical
L aw
of C o n s er
v at i o n o f
M as s
EXERCISES:
Chemical Equation during
Photosynthesis:
CO2(g) + H2 → C6H12O6(s) + O2(g)
EXERCISES:
Chemical Equation when cooking in
the gas stove:
CH4(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2
EXERCISES:
Chemical Equation in the Formation of
Rust:
Fe(s) + O2(g) → Fe2O3(s)
ANSWERS:
1. 6 CO2(g) +6 H2 → C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g)
2. CH4(g) + 3 O2(g) → CO2(g) +2 H2
3. 4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
E N T:
S I G N M
A S
DIRECTIONS: On a one whole sheet of
paper, Answer the following questions.
1. What are the types of chemical
reactions?
2. Give at least 3 examples on each
type.
N C E S :
R E FE R E
Davis, Raymond E. et.al.(2010). Modern
Chemistry. (USA: Holl, Rinehart, Winston).
de Borja, Rebecca S.(2011).Chemistry.
(Philippines: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.)
Hill, John W. (2010). Chemistry for Changing
Times. (Singapore: Prentice Hall
Companies).
