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Arithmetico-Geometric Series Explained

1) The arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM), and harmonic mean (HM) of any two numbers a and b will be in a geometric progression (GP), with the GM equal to the square root of the product of a and b. The AM is always greater than the GM, which is always greater than the HM. 2) An arithmetico-geometric series (AGS) is a series where each term is the product of a term in an arithmetic progression and a term in a geometric progression. The sum of n terms and infinite terms of an AGS can be found using specific formulas. 3) If x, y, and z are in a geometric progression, then taking the reciprocal of

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119 views3 pages

Arithmetico-Geometric Series Explained

1) The arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM), and harmonic mean (HM) of any two numbers a and b will be in a geometric progression (GP), with the GM equal to the square root of the product of a and b. The AM is always greater than the GM, which is always greater than the HM. 2) An arithmetico-geometric series (AGS) is a series where each term is the product of a term in an arithmetic progression and a term in a geometric progression. The sum of n terms and infinite terms of an AGS can be found using specific formulas. 3) If x, y, and z are in a geometric progression, then taking the reciprocal of

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chaostheorist
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

QA – Mixed

Relationship among AM, GM and HM

1) For any two given numbers a and b, AM, GM and HM will be in a GP. So, GM is the
geometric mean of this series i.e. GM = √

2) For any no. of terms, AM > GM > HM

ARITHMETICO GEOMETRIC SERIES


A series is said to be in arithmetico geometric series if each term of the series is the product of
the corresponding terms of an AP and a GP.
For example, 1, 2x, 3x2, 4x3, ...
In the above series, the first part of this series is in an AP (1, 2, 3, 4, ...) and the 2nd part is (x0,
x1, x2,x3....) in a GP.

Sum of n terms of any arithmetico geometric series (AGS)


The sum of n terms of any AGS a, (a + d)r, (a + 2d) r2, ... is given by
Sn

Sum of infinite terms of any arithmetico geometric series (AGS)

Let N be the sum of the arithmetico geometric series. Then each term of the series is multiplied
by r (the common ratio of GP) and is written by shifting each term one step rightward, and then
by subtracting rN from N to get (1 – r) N. Thus N is finally obtained.

Solved Examples:
1) What is the sum of the following series till infinity: 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ..., | x | < 1
Assume S = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 +…………………….(1)
Multiplying S by x, x. S = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 +………….... (2)
Subtracting (2) from (1)
S – (Sx) = 1 + (x + x2 + x3 + ... )
S (1 – x) = 1 + (x + x2 + x3 + ... ) =
S=

2) What is the sum of the following series till infinity: 1 + + + + .....


Assume S = 1 + + + +……………………. (1)
Multiplying S by ,

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 1


QA – Mixed

= + + +……………………. (2)

Subtracting (2) from (1)


1 + + + +…………………….
__ + + +……………………..

S – ( ) = 1+ + + +…………………….
= 1+ + + +……………………. =

S=

3) What is the sum of the following series till infinity: 1 + + + + .....

In this case we can see while the denominator is in GP, the numerator is npt in AP, but the
difference between the numerator is in AP: (3-1); (6-3); (10-6)….
In this case we will follow the same process but repeat it twice

Assume S = 1 + + + + ............... (1)


Multiplying S by ,

= + + + ……………………. (2)

Subtracting (2) from (1)


1 + + + + ...............
__ + + + ……………

S – ( ) = 1+ + + +…………………….
= 1+ + + +…………………….
Now we know from the previous question that
1+ + + +……………………. =
Therefore =
OR S =

4) If x, y, z are in GP, then 1/(1 + log10x), 1/(1 + Iog10y) and 1/(1 + Iog10z) will be in
a) AP
b) GP

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 2


QA – Mixed

c) HP
d) Cannot be determined unique
Let us go through the options
Checking option (a), the three will be in AP if the 2nd expression is the average of the 1st and
the 3rd expressions. This can be mathematically written as
2/(1 + log10y) = 1/(1 + log10x) + 1/(1 | log10z)
]
= ]

=[2 + log10xz]/(1 + log10x)(1 + log10z)


Obviously this will not give us the answer.
Checking option (b),
[1/(1 + log10y)]2 = [1/(1 + log10x)] [1/(1 + log10z)] = [1/(1 + log10(x + z) + log10xz)]
Again, no is found.
Checking option (c),
1/(1 + log10x), 1/(1 + log10y) and 1/(1 + log10z) are in HP then 1 + log10x, 1 + log10y and 1 + log10z
will be in AP.
So, log10x, log10y and log10z will also be in AP.
Hence, 2 log10y = log10x + log10z
⇒ y2 = xz which is given.
So, (c) is the answer.
Alternatively, we can also apply the following process:
Assume x = 1, y = 10 and z = 100 as x, y, z are in GP.
So, 1 + log10x = 1, 1+ log10y = 2 and 1 + log10z = 3.
⇒ Thus we find that since 1, 2 and 3 are in AP, we can assume that
1 + log10x, 1 + log10y and 1 + log10z are in AP.
Hence, by definition of an AP we have that
1/(1 + 1og10x), 1/(1 + log10y) and 1/(1 + log10z) are in AP.
So, option (c) is the answer.

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 3

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