Mutah University

Engineering Collage
Civil Department

Design of Reinforced Concrete 2

(Project)

Group No. : 3

Student names:
1-Rana Abdelbaset Bostanji
2-Maram Naif Abu Tayeh
3-Dema Yousef Semreen
4-Heba Abdulkareem Al-Hawawsheh
5-Yaqeen Emad Al-Ma’aitah

Dr:Tariq Aljaafreh
Data:
SLAP No.3
S Length :5m
L length :6m
Live Load: 4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
G=4.5 m
h=150mm
assuming:
-backfilling 10cm
-Mortar 2cm
-Tiles 2cm
-Plaster 2cm
 150 200
700 ∗ 150 ∗ 2 + 300 ∗ 200 ∗ (150 + 2 )
𝑦̅ = = 139
700 ∗ 150 + 300 ∗ 200
𝑏ℎ3
𝐼=
3
700 ∗ 1393 400 ∗ 113 300 ∗ 2113
𝐼= + +
3 3 3
= 1566215000𝑚𝑚4 = 15.66 𝑐𝑚4

𝑏ℎ3 5000∗1503
𝐼𝑠 = = = 14.0625 𝑐𝑚4
12 12

mm
𝑏ℎ3 6000∗1503
𝐼𝑠 = = = 16.875 𝑐𝑚4
12 12

𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐸𝑐𝑏 𝐼𝑏 𝐼𝑏

𝛼= = = ,[Here, Ecb = Ecs]
𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝐸𝑐𝑠 𝐼𝑠 𝐼𝑠
15.66
𝛼1 = 𝛼3 = = 1.1130
14.0625
15.66
𝛼2 = 𝛼4 = = 0.928
16.875

1.1130 + 0.928
𝛼𝑓𝑚 = = 1.0208
2
𝑙𝑛2 6000−300 5700
𝛽= = = =1.12
𝑙𝑛1 5000−300 4800

Here, ln1 = Clear span long side

ln2 = Clear span short side

𝑓𝑦 420
𝑙𝑛 (0.8 +
) 5.7 (0.8 + )
1379 1379
ℎ= = = 153.7𝑚𝑚
36 + 5𝛽(𝛼𝑚 − 0.2) 36 + 5 ∗ 1.21(1.0208 − 0.2)
(we 𝑈𝑠𝑒 150𝑚𝑚)
 20 cm 12 cm 20 cm

Calculate the Dead Load and Ultimate Load:

−𝑇𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 0.02𝑚 × 0.52𝑚 × 22 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 = 0.2288 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏
−𝑀𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑟 = 0.02𝑚 × 0.52𝑚 × 23 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 = 0.2392 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏
−𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.1𝑚 × 0.52𝑚 × 18 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 = 0.936 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏
−𝑇𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.07𝑚 × 0.52𝑚 × 25 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 = 0.91 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏
0.12+0.16
−𝑊𝑒𝑏 = 0.18 × × 25 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 = 0.63 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏
2
−𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.02𝑚 × 0.52𝑚 × 23 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 = 0.2392 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏
3.183
−𝐷. 𝐿 = 3.183 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏 → = 6.12 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
0.52
−𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 3𝑚 × 1𝑚 × 2.88 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 × 0.33 = 2.85 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
2.85 × 0.52 = 1.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏
−𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 = 4 × 0.52 = 2.08 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏

𝑞𝑢 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿 = 1.2 × 3.183 + 1.6 × (1.4 + 2.08) = 9.3876 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚⁄𝑟𝑖𝑏

9.3876
= = 18.05 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
0.52
1
Total factored moment, 𝑀𝑜 = 𝑊𝑙2 𝑙𝑛2
8

300
18.05 × 5 × (6 − )
𝑀𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 = 1000 = 366.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8
300
18.05 × 6 × (5 − )
𝑀𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 1000 = 299 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8
 Long Span

M=366.5
kN.m
Negative Positive
=0.65*366.5= =0.35*366.5
-238.225 =128.275

Column Strip Column Strip

, L2/L1=0.80 ,from Table 16.3, Middle Strip L2/L1=0.80 ,from Table 16.5 ,
Middle Strip
By Interpolation x=0.80 238.225-190.6=47.63 By Interpolation x=0.8
M=0.80*𝑀𝑁𝐸𝐺 =0.80*238.225 M=0.80*𝑀𝑃𝑂𝑆 =0.80*128.275 128.275-102.6=25.68
=190.6 =102.6

Beam Slab Slab

Beam
=0.85*190.6=162.01 =0.15*190.6=28.59 =0.15*102.6=15.39
=0.85*102.6=87.21

Long Span (d=150-40-1⁄2 (12.7) = 103.65𝑚𝑚)

Column Strip (b=2500mm) Middle Stirp (b=2500mm)
Negative - Positive + Negative - Positive +
Mu , 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 190.6 102.6 47.63 25.68
𝑀𝑢 7.89 4.24 1.97 1.06
Rn= 2 , 𝑀𝑝𝑎
∅𝑏𝑑
𝜌 0.0181 0.0112 0.0049 0.0026
As , 𝑚𝑚2 4690 2902 1269 673.7
Bars Selected 8#29 7#22 8#19 5#13
 Short Span

M=299
kN.m
Negative Positive
=0.65*299= =0.35*299=
-194.35 104.65

Column Strip Column Strip

Middle Stirp
L2/L1=1.2, from Table 16.3 , L2/L1=1.2, from Table 16.5 ,
Middle Stirp
194.35-134.1= 60.25
By Interpolation x=69 By Interpolation x=69 104.65-72.2= 32.45
M=0.69*𝑀𝑁𝐸𝐺 =0.69*194.35 M=0.69*𝑀𝑁𝐸𝐺 =0.69*104.65
=134.1 =72.2

Beam Slab Beam Slab

=0.85*134.1 =0.15*134.1 =0.85*72.2=61.37 =0.15*72.2=10.83
=113.99
=20.11

Short Span (d=150-40-12.7-1⁄2 (12.7) = 90.95𝑚𝑚)

Column Strip (b=2500mm) Middle Stirp (b=3500mm)
Negative - Positive + Negative - Positive +
Mu , 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 134.1 72.2 60.25 32.45
𝑀𝑢 7.2051 3.879 2.312 1.2454
Rn= 2 , 𝑀𝑝𝑎
∅𝑏𝑑
𝜌 0.0181 0.0101 0.0058 0.00305
As , 𝑚𝑚2 4115 2296 1846 955
Bars Selected 8#25 8#19 8#16 7#13
-check one-way shear:
1
𝑑 = 150 − 40 − ∗ 12.7 = 103.65𝑚𝑚
2
6 300 103.65
𝐿= − − = 2.6𝑚
2 1000 1000
𝑉𝑢 = 𝐿 ∗ 𝑊𝑢 = 2.6 ∗ 18.05 = 46.93 𝑘𝑁

∅𝑉𝐶 = ∅ × 0.17𝜆√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 0.17 ∗ 1 ∗ √28 ∗ 1000 ∗ 103.65

= 69929 𝑁 = 69.929 𝑘𝑁 > 46.93 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑

−check two-way shear:

𝑏° = 2(103.65 + 300) + 2(103.65 + 300) = 1614.6 𝑚𝑚
300 + 103.65 300 + 103.65
𝑉𝑢2 = (6 ∗ 5 − ( )( ) ∗ 18.05 = 538.56 𝑘𝑁
1000 1000
∅𝑉𝐶 = ∅4𝜆√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏° 𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 4 ∗ 1 ∗ √28 ∗ 1614.6 ∗ 103.65
= 2656.65 𝑘𝑁 > 538.56 𝑘𝑁 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑

300
1 18.05∗6∗(5−1000)2
-Slab 2 : 𝑀𝑜 = 𝑊𝑙2 𝑙𝑛2 = = 299 𝑘𝑁. 𝑀
8 8

Exterior → −𝑀 = 0.16 ∗ 299 = 47.84

+𝑀 = 0.57 ∗ 299 = 170.43
Interior→ −𝑀 = 0.70 ∗ 299 = 209.3

𝑏 → ℎ𝑤 < 4ℎ
→ ℎ𝑤 = 200 , 4ℎ = 4 ∗ 150 = 600 , USE b=200 mm
0.3 0.33 ×0.35 0.15 0.153 ×0.2
𝐶 = (1 − 0.63 )( ) + (1 − 0.63 )( )
0.35 3 0.2 3
= 0.0016 𝑚4

𝛼𝐿2 𝐿2 6
>1 , = = 1.2
𝐿2 𝐿1 5

Calculation of βt:
150 3
𝐶 6∗( ) 𝐶 0.0016
𝛽𝑡 =
2𝐼𝑠
, 𝐼𝑠 = 1000
12
= 0.0017𝑚4 ∴ 𝛽𝑡 = = = 0.5
2𝐼𝑠 2×0.0017
Table 16.4
l2/l1
0.5 1.0 2.0
Exterior Negative Moment
 (l2/l1) = 0 t = 0 100 100 100
t ≥ 2.5 75 75 75
 (l2/l1) ≥ 1.0
t = 0 100 100 100
t ≥ 2.5 90 75 45
By Interpolation : x=95
95% from Ext. NEG. M
Beam Moment Negative= 0.95 × 47.84 × 0.85=38.63 kN.m

𝑤𝑙 = 18.05 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝑤𝐿 1 18.05∗6 1
𝑤= × (1 − 2𝐵) = 𝑤 = × (1 − 6 ) = 31.407 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 650
2 2 2∗( )
5
mm
𝐴𝑐𝑝 = 350𝑚𝑚 × 650𝑚𝑚 = 227500𝑚𝑚2
𝑃𝑐𝑝 = 2(350 + 650) = 2000𝑚𝑚
′
𝐴2𝑐𝑝 2275002
∅(0.083)𝜆√𝑓𝑐 = 0.75 ∗ 0.083 ∗ 1 ∗ √28 =
P𝑐𝑝 2000
= 8.52 kN. m < 38.6 kN. m 350mm
∴ 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
clear cover 40mm , #13 stirrups
12.7
𝑥1 = 350 − 2(40) − 2 ( ) = 257.3 𝑚𝑚
2
12.7
𝑦1 = 650 − 2(40) − 2 ( ) = 557.3 𝑚𝑚
2
𝐴𝑜ℎ = 257.3 ∗ 554.3 = 143393 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑜 = 0.85𝐴𝑜ℎ = 0.85 ∗ 143393 = 121884 𝑚𝑚2
bottom reinforcement consist of #25 bars
25.4
𝑑 = 650 − 40 − 12.7 − = 584.6 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑃ℎ = 2(𝑥1 + 𝑦1) = 2(257.3 + 557.3) = 1629 𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑢 = 𝑀 = 38.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

→ 𝑉𝑐 = ∅ × 0.17𝜆√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.17 ∗ 1 ∗ √28 ∗ 350 ∗ 584.6 = 180449𝑁 = 180.45 𝑘𝑁

→ 𝑉𝑢 = 538.56𝑘𝑁
 𝑉𝑢 2 𝑇𝑢𝑃ℎ 2 𝑉𝑐
√( ) +( 2 ) ≤ ∅ ( + 0.66√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 )
𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑑 1.7𝐴𝑜ℎ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑑
2 2
538.56 × 103 38.6 ∗ 106 ∗ 1629 180.45 ∗ 103
√( ) +( ) ≤ 0.75 ( + 0.66√28)
350 ∗ 584.6 1.7 ∗ 1433932 350 ∗ 584.6

3.188 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 3.307 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2

∴ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒

𝑇𝑢 38.6
→ 𝑇𝑛 = = = 51.46 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
∅ 0.75
→ 𝜃 = 45
𝐴𝑡 𝑇𝑛 51.46 ∗ 106
= =
𝑆 2𝐴° 𝑓𝑦𝑡 cot 𝜃 2 ∗ 121884 ∗ 420 ∗ 1
= 0.5026 𝑚𝑚2⁄𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠.
1
𝑉𝑢 = 538.56 > (180.45) = 90.225
2

𝑉𝑢 − ∅𝑉𝑐 538.56𝑘𝑁 − 0.75 ∗ 180.45𝐾𝑁

→ 𝑉𝑠 = = = 537.63 𝑘𝑁
∅ 0.75
𝐴𝑣 𝑉𝑠 537.63 × 103
= = = 2.19 𝑚𝑚2⁄𝑚𝑚
𝑆 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝑑 420 ∗ 584.6
2𝐴𝑡 𝐴𝑣
+ = 2(0.5026) + 2.19 = 3.19 𝑚𝑚2⁄𝑚𝑚
𝑆 𝑆
13 𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝 (𝐴𝑠 = 129𝑚𝑚2)

2 ∗ 129
𝑆= = 80.88 𝑚𝑚
3.19
𝑃ℎ 1629
= = 204 𝑚𝑚
8 8
350 ∗ 204 0.35 ∗ 350 ∗ 204
𝐴𝑣 + 2𝐴𝑡 = 0.062√28 ≥
420 420
55.77𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 59.5𝑚𝑚2 ok
59.5 < 258𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑘
𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡 420
→ 𝐴𝑙 = 𝑃ℎ cot 2 ∅ = 0.5026 ∗ 1629 ∗ (1)2 = 637.7994𝑚𝑚2
𝑆 𝑓𝑦 420
0.42√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴𝑐𝑝 𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡
min 𝐴𝑐 = − 𝑃ℎ
𝑓𝑦 𝑠 𝑓𝑦
0.42 ∗ √28 ∗ 227500
= − 637.7994 = 1203.81 − 637.7994 = 566.017 𝑜𝑘
420
----------------------
Retaining Wall Design

ℎ = 4.5m , 𝛾𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 16 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0.3048 𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 0.07ℎ0.07 ∗ (4.5) = 0.32 𝑚
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 →
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 7% 𝑡𝑜 10% 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑡 = 0.07 ∗ 4.5 = 0.32𝑚
−ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 = 4.5 − 0.32 = 4.18𝑚
−𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝑏) = 0.6ℎ = 0.6 ∗ 4.5 = 2.7𝑚
𝑏 2.7
−𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑜𝑒 (𝐿 𝑇 ) = = = 0.9𝑚
3 3
−𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑒𝑙 (𝐿𝐻 ) =b-𝐿 𝑇 − 𝑡 = 2.7 − 0.9 − 0.32 = 1.48𝑚
∗∗Design→𝑃𝑎 = 𝐾𝑎 𝑤ℎ = 0.32 ∗ 16 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ∗ 4.5𝑚 = 23.04 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
1 1
𝐻 = 𝑃𝑎 ℎ = ∗ 23.04 ∗ 4.5 = 51.84 𝑘𝑁
2 2

Force (W) , kN Position (X),m Moment (M=WX),kN.m

𝑊1 = 4.18 ∗ 1.48 ∗ 16 = 98.98 1.96 194
𝑊2 = 0.32 ∗ 2.7 ∗ 24 = 20.736 1.35 27.994
𝑊3 = 0.3048 ∗ 4.18 ∗ 24 = 30.57 1.07 32.71
𝑊4 = 1⁄2 ∗ 0.0152 ∗ 4.18 ∗ 24 = 0.762 0.91 0.69
∑ 𝑅𝑣 = 151.05 ∑ 𝑀𝑅 =255.4
 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑊𝑒𝑑𝑡ℎ = 1𝑚
ℎ 4.5
𝑀𝑜𝑚 = 𝐻 ( ) = 51.84 ( ) = 77.76 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
∗ 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑀𝑅 255.4
𝑆. 𝐹 = = = 3.28 > 2 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑
𝑀𝑜𝑀 77.76
∗ 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝜇𝑅𝑣 0.5 ∗ 151.05
𝑆. 𝐹 = = = 1.46 < 1.5 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑
𝐻 51.84
∗ 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑅𝑣 = 151.05 𝑘𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥̅ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑀𝑅 − 𝑀𝑜𝑀 255.4 − 77.76
𝑥̅ = = = 1.176𝑚
𝑅𝑣 151.05
∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 :

by using factor=1.6
1 1
𝐻= 𝑃𝑎 ℎ ∗ 1.6 = ∗ 0.32 ∗ 16 ∗ 4.18 ∗ 4.18 ∗ 1.6 = 71.567𝑘𝑁
2 2
ℎ 4.18
𝑀𝑢 = 𝐻 ∗ = 71.567 ∗ = 99.72 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝜌 = 0.012
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐵. 9 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑝𝑎 , 𝑓𝑐 ′ = 28 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑀𝑢 99.72×106
= 0.506 Mpa → = 4.506 , 𝑠𝑜 𝑏𝑑 2 = 24589436.31
∅𝑏𝑑2 0.9𝑏𝑑2
24589436.31
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏 = 1000𝑚𝑚 , 𝑑 = √ = 156.8 𝑚𝑚
1000
 ℎ = 156.8 + 40 + 2.2 = 199𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 99.72 × 106
= = 4.506
∅𝑏𝑑 2 0.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 156.82
𝜌 = 0.012 𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.012 ∗ 1000 ∗ 156.8 = 1881.6𝑚𝑚2
𝑢𝑠𝑒 5#22 , 𝐴𝑠 = 1935𝑚𝑚2

1935
𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 → 𝜌 = 0.0033 < = 0.0123 𝑜𝑘
1000 ∗ 156.8
ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 → 𝐴𝑠 = 0.0025 ∗ 1000 ∗ 312.4 = 781 𝑚𝑚2
2
→ 𝑡𝑤𝑜 − 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ⇒ 781 ∗ = 520.67𝑚𝑚2
3
𝑢𝑠𝑒8 #10 , 𝐴𝑠 = 568𝑚𝑚2
1 1
→ 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ⇒ 781 ∗ = 260.33𝑚𝑚2
3 3
4#10 , 𝐴𝑠 = 284 𝑚𝑚2

∗ 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 ∶

𝑉𝑢 = 𝐻 = 71.567 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑉𝐶 = ∅ × 0.17𝜆√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

= 0.75 ∗ 0.17 ∗ 1 ∗ √28 ∗ 1000 ∗ 156.8 = 105.787 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢 = 71.567 𝑘𝑁 , 𝑂𝐾

∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑒𝑙 ∶
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙
= 1.48 ∗ 4.18 ∗ 16 ∗ 1.2 + 1.48 ∗ 0.32 ∗ 24 ∗ 1.2 = 132.42 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 ∗ 0.17 ∗ 1 ∗ √28 ∗ 1000 ∗ 241.6 = 162.99 > 𝑉𝑢 = 132.42 𝑘𝑁 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑
1.48
𝑀𝑢 = 132.42 ∗ = 98 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
𝑀𝑢 98 × 106
= = 1.8653
∅𝑏𝑑 2 0.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 241.62
𝜌 = 0.00463 > 0.0033 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑠 = 0.00463 ∗ 1000 ∗ 241.6 = 1118.61 𝑚𝑚2
𝑢𝑠𝑒 4#19 , 𝐴𝑠 = 1136𝑚𝑚 , 0.0047 > 0.0033 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑜𝑒 ∶
−𝑅𝑣 𝑅𝑣 ∗ 𝑒 ∗ 𝑥
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑒 = −
𝐴 𝐼
−151.05 151.05 ∗ (1.35 − 1.176) ∗ 1.35
= − = −77.58 𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
2.7 1.64
𝑓ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = −55.94 + 21.635 = −34.305 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

1
2
1

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 1 = 0.5 ∗ 101.05 ∗ 0.9 = 45.47

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 2 = 0.5 ∗ 124.13 ∗ 0.9 = 55.86

0.9 2
𝑀𝑢 = 45.47 ∗ + 55.86 ∗ ∗ 0.9 = 47.156 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3 3
6
𝑀𝑢 47.156 × 10
= = 0.897 𝑀𝑝𝑎
∅𝑏𝑑 2 0.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 241.62

𝜌 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚

𝐴𝑠 = 0.0033 ∗ 1000 ∗ 241.6 = 797.28 𝑚𝑚2
3#19 𝑜𝑟 12#10