Major structures and word parts and function -
Kidneys - Nephr/o,Ren/o - filter the blood to remove waste products, maintain
electrolyte concentrations, and remove excess water to maintain the fluid volume
within the body.
Renal Pelvis - pyel/o - collects urine produced by the kidneys.
Urine - ur/o,urin/o - liquid waste products to be excreted
Ureters - ureter/o - transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Urinary bladder - cyst/o - stores urine untill it is excreted.
Urethra - Urethr/o - transports urine from the bladder through the urethral meatus,
where it is excreted.
Prostate - prostat/o - a gland of the male reproductive system that surrounds the
male urethra. Disorders of this gland can disrupt the flow of urine.
Word parts.
-cele - hernia,tumor,swelling
Cyst/o - urinary bladder, cyst,sac of fluid
dia- through,between,apart,complete
-ectasis - stretching, dilation,enlargement.
glomerul/o - glomerulus
lith/o -stone,calculus
-lysis - breakdown,seperation,setting free,destruction,loosening
Nephr/o -kidney
-pexy - surgical fixation
pyel/o - renal pelvis, bowl of kidney
-tripsy - to crush
ur/o - urine, urinary tract
ureter/o - ureter
urethr/o - urethra
-uria - urination,urine
Bacteri/o - bacteria
Cyst/o - urinary bladder
Glycos/o - sugar, glucose
Hem/ohemat/o - blood
hydr/o - relating to water
lith/o - stone,calculus
nephr/o - kidney
noct/o - night
olig/o - scanty , few
prostat/o - prostate
protein/o - protein
py/o - pus
pyel/o - renal pelvis
ren/o - kidney
ur/o - urine
Ureter/o - ureter
urethr/o - urethra
prefixes -
a-,an- - without,absence
dia- - complete, through
dys- difficult, painful
poly- - many
suffix
-ectomy - surgical removal
-graphy - process of recording
-itis - inflammation
-lithiasis - pressence of stones
-lysis - seperation
-osis - abnormal condition
-pexy - surgical fixation
-rrhagia - bleeding
-rraphy - surgical suturing
-scopy - visual examination
-stomy - surgical creation of an new opening
-tomy - surgical incision
-tripsy - to crush
-uria - urination,urine
Terms -
Ablation - is the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function by
surgery,hormones,drugs,heat,chemical destruction,electrocautery,or other methods
anuria - is the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
catheterization - is the passage of a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine
of to place therapeutic fluid into the bladder
diuresis - is the increased output of urine
enuresis - is the involuntary discharge of urine
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy - is the destruction of stones with the use of
high energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel.
hemodialysis - replaced kidney function by filtering waste products directly from
the patients blood.
hydroureter - which is the stretching out of the ureter with urine, is caused by a
blockage in the ureter that does not allow the urine to flow normally .
Intravenous pyelogram - is a diagnostic radiographic study of the kidneys and the
ureters, with the use of a contrast medium is administered intravenously
nephrolith - is a stone located in the kidney
nephrolysis - is the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephroptosis - is the prolapse or downward displacement of a kidney.
nephropyosis - is the formation or discharge of pus from the kidney.
Nocturnal enuresis - is the urinary incontinence during sleep, also known as bed
wetting.
polycystic kidney disease - is an inherited kidney disorder, in which the kidneys
enlarged because of multiple cysts
prostate specific antigen - is a blood test used to screen for prostate cancer.
commonly reffered to as the PSA test.
suprapubic catheterization - is the placement of a catheter into the bladder
through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone.
uremia - is a toxic condition caused by excessive amounts of urea and other waste
products in the bloodstream
ureterolith - is a stone located in the ureter.
urethropexy - which is the surgical fixation of the urethra, is usually performed
to correct urinary stress incontinence.
other terms -
cortex - the outer portion of an organ
digital - using a finger
extracorporeal - occuring outside the body
fistula - an abnormal passage between two internal organs, such as the bladder and
vagina. Also a surgical connection created between an artery and vein for dialysis
access.
Hypertrophy - enlargement of an organ due to increased size of its cells
meatus - a natural body opening. the urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra
at the bodys surface
micturition - urination
nocturnal - referring to night
orifice - opening
percutaneous - performed through the skin
peristalsis - a series of wave like contractions.
voiding - urination.
Abbreviations and acronyms -
AV fistula - arteriovenous fistula
BPH - benign prostatic hpertrophy
Cath - catheter/catheterization
CKD - chronic kidney disease
Cysto - cystoscopy
DRE - digital rectal exam
ESRD - end-stage renal disease
ESWL - extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
GFR - glomerular filtration rate
GU - genitourinary
HD - hemodialysis
KUB - kidneys, uterers, bladder (X-ray)
PD - peritoneal dialysis
RRT - renal replacement therapy
UA - urinalysis
UTI - urinary tract infection
