Experiment Number:
Date:
Aim: To determine the RESISTANCE OF A GIVEN WIRE using OHM’S LAW.
Apparatus required:
i) A resistance wire
ii) An ammeter
iii) A voltmeter
iv) A rheostat
v) A battery (a power supply)
vi) Some pieces of connecting wires
Theory:
According to Ohm’s law, keeping the temperature and all other physical conditions the
same, the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference across its two ends,
This, if ‘I’ be the current flowing through a conductor and ‘V’ be the potential difference
across its two ends, then
V = IR
Or, R = V/I, where ‘R’ is the resistance offered by the conductor.
Observations:
Least count of the ammeter = --------- A
Least count of the voltmeter = --------- V
Table to determine the RESISTANCE of the wire
No of I (in ampere) V (in volt) Resistance of Mean value of
observations the (wire in the resistance R
ohm) (in ohm)
1
2
3
4
5
Result:
Resistance offered by the wire = --------- ohm
Precautions:
1. We should open the key as soon as the readings are taken.
2. All the wires as well as the instruments should be tightly connected.
3. Sensitive ammeter and voltmeter should be used in the circuit so that even the
small change in the current and potential difference can be properly recorded.
Diagram to be drawn at the blank page
Experiment Number:
Date:
Aim: To observe the deviation produced in a ray by an equilateral prism and hence, to
verify that: angle of incidence + angle of emergence = angle of prism + angle of deviation
Apparatus required:
i) A soft plane board
ii) A white sheet of paper
iii) An equilateral prism
iv) 4 board pins
v) 4 long pins
vi) A geometry box
Theory:
When a ray of light passes through a prism, it suffers refraction at both the surfaces of the
prism. As a result, the ray deviates from its original path.
When a light ray passes through a prism, the angle made by the incident ray produced
forward and the emergent ray produced backwards is called angle of deviation or simply the
deviation suffered by the ray.
It can be shown both analytically as well as experimentally that:
angle of incidence (i) + angle of emergence (e) = angle of prism (<A) + angle of deviation
(δ)
Observations:
Angle of prism = ---------
Table to show: i + e = <A + δ
i e δ I+e <A + δ Inference
Conclusions:
i) Angles of deviation are different for different angles of incidence
ii) It is verified that: i + e = <A + δ
Precautions:
i) The long pins should be perfectly normal to the surface of the white sheet of
paper.
ii) The prism should not be disturbed during the experiment.
