EE 442
POWER ELECTRONICS I
D I O D E R E C T IF IE R S
(U N C O N T R O L L E D R E C T I F I E R S )
Dr. Said A. Deraz
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University
[email protected]
[email protected]
Rectifier is a circuit that converts an AC signal to a DC signal
Rectifier
AC
Transform
supply
er
Block diagram of an uncontrolled diode
rectifier circuit
Note: In a diode rectifiers, the power flows only from the AC source
to the DC side.
Applications of Uncontrolled Rectifiers
DC power supply for consumer electronic products such as radios,
TVs, DVD players, mobile phone chargers, computers, laptops and
so on (low power)
DC motor drives (high power)
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Depending on the type of input source, rectifiers are classified into
two main groups:
Important
equations
Single-phase half-wave rectifier (R load)
Circuit diagram
Waveforms
The average value of output voltage
The average value of load current
The rms value of output voltage
The rms value of load current
Peak inverse voltage across the diode
The efficiency of rectification
The effective (rms) value of the ac component of output voltage
The form factor (a measure for the shape of output voltage)
The ripple factor (a measure for the ripple content)
The harmonic factor or total harmonic distortion (a measure
for distortion of a waveform] of the input current
Where Is1 is the rms value of the fundamental component of the input current. And I s
is the rms value of the input current.
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If is the angle between the fundamental component of the input
current and the voltage, the displacement factor
The input power factor
Single-phase half-wave rectifier (RL load) without
freewheeling diode
Due to inductive load, the conduction period of the diode D 1 will
extend beyond 180 degree until the current becomes zero.
Circuit diagram
Waveforms
The average value of the output voltage
Where the angle can be calculated as:
The average value of the load current
The average value of the output voltage (and hence the current)
can be increased by making =0, which is possible by adding a
freewheeling diode Dm across the load.
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Single-phase half-wave rectifier (RL load) with
freewheeling diode
Circuit diagram
Waveforms
The effect of the freewheeling diode Dm is to prevent the negative
voltage appearing across the load, and as a result, the magnetic
stored energy is increased. At t=/, the current from D1 is
transferred to Dm and this process is called commutation of
diodes. Depending on the load time constant, the load current may
be discontinuous.
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Single-phase center-tap full-wave rectifier (R load)
Circuit diagram
Waveforms
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The average value of output voltage
The average value of load current
The rms value of output voltage
The rms value of load current
Peak inverse voltage across each diode
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Single-phase bridge full-wave rectifier (R load)
Circuit diagram
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The average value of output voltage
The average value of load current
The rms value of output voltage
The rms value of load current
Peak inverse voltage across each diode
Waveforms
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Single-phase bridge full-wave rectifier (RL load)
With a resistive load, the load
current is identical in shape to
the load voltage.
In practical applications, most
loads are inductive. The load
current shape and magnitude
depend on both the load
resistance R and inductance L.
Circuit diagram
Waveforms
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Single-phase bridge rectifier with very large
inductive load
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E#1 If a single-phase bridge rectifier supplies a very high inductive
load such as a dc motor. the turns ratio of the transformer is unity.
Determine a) the HF of the input current, and b) the input PF of the
rectifier.
Note the output (load) current is constant and ripple free due to the highly
inductive load.
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Using Fourier series, the input current is can be analyzed as
Therefore, the rms value of the input current is
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Therefore, the rms value of the fundamental component of the
input current is
Therefore, the harmonic factor is
Since =0, the displacement factor is
Therefore, the input power factor
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Multiphase rectifier
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Three phase bridge rectifier
Circuit diagram
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Waveforms
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The average value of output voltage
The rms value of output voltage
Peak inverse voltage across each diode
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E#2 A three-phase bridge rectifier supplies a high inductive load
such that the average load current Idc= 60 A and the ripple content
is negligible. Determine the ratings of the diodes if the line-toneutral voltage of the supply is 120V, 60Hz.
As shown, the average value of
the diode current
The rms value of the diode
current
The peak inverse voltage across
the diode
Currents through
diodes
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E#3 For the following current waveform, determine the average,
rms, peak value of the current.
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