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Selenium WebDriver - Browser Options

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The browser options refer to the features and capabilities shared by all browsers. It helps to modify the settings and capabilities of the browser while running an automated test on any browser. Selenium Webdriver begins with a fresh browser profile without any predefined settings on cookies, history, and so on by default.

Adding Extensions to Browser

Let us take an example, where we would launch the Chrome browser with a Selenium IDE extension using the ChromeOptions class. Every Chrome extension should have a .crx file. Here, we would obtain the .crx file for Selenium IDE Chrome extension and store it within the Resources folder in project.

Selenium Browser Options 1

Example

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class ChromeOptns {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // object of ChromeOptions class
      ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();

      // adding .crx extension
      opt.addExtensions(new File("./Resources/SeleniumIDE.crx"));

      // Initiate the Chrome Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);

      // adding implicit wait of 10 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage with Selenium IDE extension
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/register.php");
   }
}

Output

Process finished with exit code 0

Here, we observed that the Chrome browser got launched with the Selenium IDE extension along with the information bar Chrome is being controlled by automated test software.

Selenium Browser Options 2

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

Open Browser in Headless Mode

In this example, we would launch an application in the headless browser using the EdgeOptions class.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeOptions;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class EdgeHeadless {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // object of EdgeOptions
      FirefoxOptions opt = new EdgeOptions();

      // browser in headless mode
      opt.addArguments("--headless=new");

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver(opt);

      // adding implicit wait of 10 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage with headless mode
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");

      // getting page title
      System.out.println("Getting the page title: " + driver.getTitle());

      // Quit browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

It will show the following output −

Getting the page title: Selenium Practice - Student Registration Form

In the above example, we observed that the Edge browser was launched in a headless mode. We had also obtained the browser title with the message in the console - Getting the page title: Selenium Practice - Student Registration Form.

Create Profiles in Browser

Let us take another example, where we would have the Firefox profiles on the browser using the FirefoxOptions class.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxProfile;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.ProfilesIni;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class FirefoxProfile {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // object of FirefoxOptions class
      FirefoxOptions opt = new FirefoxOptions();

      // object of ProfilesIni
      ProfilesIni prof = new ProfilesIni();

      // get profile
      FirefoxProfile p = prof.getProfile("<profileName>");
      opt.setProfile(p);

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(opt);

      // adding implicit wait of 20 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");

      // obtain page title
      System.out.println("Obtain the page title: " + driver.getTitle());

      // Quit browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

It will show the following output −

Obtain the page title: Selenium Practice - Student Registration Form

Here, the Firefox browser opened with a created profile. We had also retrieved the browser title with the message in the console - Obtain the page title: Selenium Practice - Student Registration Form.

Handle SSL Certificate Errors in Edge

To overcome SSL certificates error in Edge browser, we would utilize the EdgeOptions and the DesiredCapabilities class. 

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.EdgeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class SSLEdge {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
   
      // object of Desired Capabilities class 
      DesiredCapabilities dc = new DesiredCapabilities();
      dc.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_INSECURE_CERTS, true);
      
      // object Edge Options class
      EdgeOptionsOptions opt = new EdgeOptions();
      opt.merge(dc);
      
      // Initiate the Webdriver along with options
      WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver(opt);
      
      // adding implicit wait of 5 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(55, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      
      // launch application with SSL certificate error
      driver.get("https://expired.badssl.com");
      
      // get browser title
      System.out.println("Get Browser title in Edge: " + driver.getTitle());
      
      // quit the browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

It will show the following output −

Get Browser title in Edge: Privacy error

Here, we got rid of the SSL certificate error in Edge and launched the application. Then got the browser title with the message in the console - Browser title in Edge: Privacy error.

Page Loading Strategy

There are multiple page loading strategies available in the browser, they are NORMAL (default page load setting in browser), EAGER, and NONE.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class ChromePageLoadNormal {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
   
      // object of ChromeOptions
      ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();
      
      // setting pageloadStrategy to normal
      opt.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL);
      
      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);
      
      // Opening the webpage
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/register.php");
      
      // quit browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

It will show the following output −

Process finished with exit code 0

In the above example, we had set the browser option set such that page load strategy is set to NORMAL. In case, we need to set the page load strategy is set to EAGER, we have to make the below code change −

// object of ChromeOptions
ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();

// setting pageloadStrategy to EAGER
opt.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER);

// Initiate the Webdriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);

In case, we need to set the page load strategy is set to NONE, we have to make the below code change −

// object of ChromeOptions
ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();

// setting pageloadStrategy to NONE
opt.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE);

// Initiate the Webdriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);

Conclusion

This concludes our comprehensive take on the tutorial on Selenium Webdriver Browser Options. Weve walked through examples of how to add profiles and extensions to browsers, how to launch the browser in headless mode, how to handle SSL certificates errors, and page loading strategies with browser options along with Selenium Webdriver. This equips you with in-depth knowledge of the browser options in Selenium Webdriver. It is wise to keep practicing what youve learned and exploring others relevant to Selenium to deepen your understanding and expand your horizons.

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