DESIGN OF A THREE-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING
I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURE
The design involves the analysis of a three-storey structural steel low-rise commercial
building to be located at the city of Puerto Princesa, Palawan.
Seismic zone 2
Wind load 3A
II. FIGURES:
Present both the structural and architectural plans for the structure. A summary of the
functional requirement are given below:
Ground Floor
Usage: Commercial space, Comfort Room, Hallway
Framing: Steel columns, steel beams, reinforced concrete slabs
Flooring: Floor Finish, tiles
Second Floor
Usage: Commercial space, Comfort Room, Hallway
Framing: Steel columns, steel beams, reinforced concrete slabs
Flooring: Floor Finish, tiles
Third Floor
Usage: Commercial space, Comfort Room, Hallway, Resto bar
Framing: Steel columns, steel beams, reinforced concrete slabs
Flooring: Floor Finish, tiles
Roof
Usage: roof
Framing: Steel trusses
Roofing material: Plain sheets, purlins
III. STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA
The following section presents the design criteria, structural, idealization, and analytic
procedures and methods used in the structural design of the building. The design criteria include
the code and specifications, material strengths, and loading deemed applicable for this structure.
A. Codes and Specifications
The following codes and specification were used in the design of the building.
1.) National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 7th Edition (NSCP 2015)
2.) National Building Code
IV. MATERIALS STRENGTHS
The following material strength is used in the structural investigation of the building.
1.) Concrete - The minimum concrete compressive strength for the structural elements
f'c = 21 MPa
2.) Reinforced Steel - fy = 275 MPa for bars with a diameter of 10mm - 12mm,
and fy = 414 MPa for 16mm diameter and above.
3.) Soil allowable bearing capacity is 96 kPa
4.) Steel Material- all steel shall be A36
Fy= 248 MPa
V. LOADS
Design loads and forces are those resulting from dead loads and live loads acting in the
most critical combination, using the appropriate load factors recommended by the government
code. The basic load type and their corresponding magnitudes are taken as follows:
DEAD LOADS
The load includes the weight of all permanent construction and all materials and
equipment which are permanently fastened thereto and supported thereby. For all permanent
construction, the dry unit weight/loads shown in table - 1.1 used in the calculation of dead loads.
`
Materials/Components Unit weights/loads
Concrete Slab 24 KN/m
Glass frame wall 0.48 KPa
Tiles 0.77 KPa
Plaster on tiles 0.24 KPa
Suspended metal lath & gypsum plaster 0.48 KPa
Subflooring 0.14 KPa
Wall (4 in-thick CHB) 2.73 KPa
LIVE LOADS
The loads include loads which may vary in the magnitudes and/or distribution during the
life of the structure. The minimum values of these loads depend on the occupancy and are
normally specified by the government building codes. The value shown in table - 1.2 were used.
Table - 1.2 Live Loads
Occupancy/Use Unit weights/loads
Commercial space 4.8 KPa
Hallway 4.8 KPa
Comfort room 1.9 KPa
Stairs 4.8 KPa
VI. LOAD COMBINATIONS
Reinforced concrete sections shall be designed using the strength design method. Using
the load factors and the critical load combinations from the following:
a. U = 1.4 (D + F)
b. U= 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L +H) + 0.5(LR or R)
c. U= 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W)
d. U= 1.2D + 1W + f1L + 0.5 (LR or R)
e. U= 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L
f. U= 0.9D +1.0W +1.6H
g. U= 0.9D +1.0E + 1.6H
For structural steel sections shall be designed using the ASD method:
a) U= D + F
b) U = D + H + F + L + T
c) U= D + H + F + (LR + R)
d) U= D + H + F + 0.75 (L + T (LR or R)
e) U+ D + H + F + (0.6W 0r E/1.4)
Where: f1= 1.0
D= dead load
E= earthquake load
F= load due to fluids with well-defined
H= load due to lateral pressure of soil and water in soil
L= live load
Lr= roof live load
R= rain load on the undeflected roof
T= self-straining force
W= load due to wind pressure
VII. WIND LOAD
Size of structure = 15x21m
Roof type = gable roof
Total height of building = 10.8 m
Components and Cladding
Using the steps to determine C& C wind loads enclosed and partially enclosed Low-Rise
Building (Table 207E.4-1)
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY OF THE STRUCTURE
Type III – Special Occupancy Structures
BASIC WIND SPEED
Wind speed, V = 240 kph (Palawan, Zone III)
WIND LOAD PARAMETERS
WIND DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR, Kd
Kd = 0.85 (Components and Cladding)
EXPOSURE B
`
TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR, Kzt
Kzt = 1.00 (Site conditions and locations of structures do not meet all the
conditions specified)
ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION
Partially enclosed Buildings
INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT, (GCpi)
(GCpi) = ± 0.55 (Partially Enclosed Building)
VELOCITY PRESSURE EXPOSURE COEFFICIENT, Kz
By interpolation:
Kz = 0.98 + (
0.76−7
12−9 )
(10.8−9)
Kz = 1.016
VELOCITY PRESSURE, qz = qh
V = 240 kph (1000 m/km) (1 hr/3600 s)
V = 66.67 m/s
qz = 0.613KzKztKdV2
qz = 0.613(1.016)(1.00)(0.85)(66.67)2
qz = 2353.066 N/m2 ~2.353
WIND PRESSURE, p
A. WIND PRESSURE
p = qh[(GCpf) – (GCpi)] (See equation 207C.4-1)
Windward Wall Pressure:
p = qh[(GCpf) – (GCpi)]
p = 2.353 [(0.40) – (0.55)]
p = 0.367 kPa
p = qh[(GCpf) – (GCpi)]
p = 2.353 [(0.40) – (-0.55)]
p = 2.33 kPa
Leeward Wall Pressure:
p = qh[(GCpf) – (GCpi)]
p = 2.353 [(0.29) – (0.55)]
p = -0.637 kPa
p = qh[(GCpf) – (GCpi)]
p = 2.353 [(0.29) – (-0.55)]
p = 2.05 kPa
Side Wall Pressure:
p = qh[(GCpf) – (GCpi)]
p = 2.353 [(0.45) – (0.55)]
p = -2.44963 kPa
p = qh[(GCpf) – (GCpi)]
p = 2.353 [(0.45) – (-0.55)]
p = 0.245 kPa
ROOF
For Windward Pressure
Cp by interpolation:
−0.5−(−0.7 )
−0.70+ ( 23−20 ) =−0.58
25−20
0.0−(−0.18 )
−0.18+ ( 23−20 )=−0.072
25−20
Cp1=-0.42
Cp2= -0.108
P= qh(Gcp)
G=0.85
Gcp= 0.85(-0.42)= -0.357
Gcp= 0.85(-0.072)=-0.0918
P=2.44963 (−0.357−0.55)=2.08 KPa
P=2.44963 (−0.493+ 0.55 )=0.612 KPa
For Leeward pressure
cp=−0.6
P=qh(Gcp−± 0.55)
P=2.44963 (−0.51+ 0.55 )=−0.098 KPa
P=2.44963 (−0.51−0.55 )=−2.6 KPa
Wind load
Tributary area=s x l
tributary area=3 m x 9 m=27
TRUSS 2: Wind load= 1.197 KPa (27) = 532.319 KN/12 =2.69 KN
Dead load
2
C−Purlin weight=10 kg /m x 9.81 m /s=0.0981 KN /m
kg m2
Galvanized CR=26.3628 2 x 9.81 =0.2586 KN /m
m s
Weight of truss - 3/4*47.853+15.6959*L
Truss 1: 224.2406 (36) = 8.073 KN
Truss 2: 224.2406 (27) = 6.0545 KN
TRUSS 1: 8. 073 KN + 0.0981 KN/m (3m) + 0.2586 KN/m (3 x 12) = 17.6769/16 = 1.1048 KN
TRUSS 2: 6.0545KN+ 0.0981 KN/m (3m) + 0.2586 KN/m (3 x 9) = 13.331/12 = 1.11 KN
Roof Live load
TRUSS 1 :1 KPa (36 m)=36/16=2.25 KN
TRUSS 2 :1 KPa (27 m)=27 /12=2.25 KN
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Palawan State University
Puerto Princesa City
STRUCTURAL DESIGN 2
STEEL DESIGN
PROPOSED THREE-STOREY
COMMERCIAL BUILDING
(REVISED PLAN & DESIGN OF PURLINS)
BY:
LIEZEL SEMPRON
INSTRUCTOR:
ENGR. SHERWIN GODOY
