GENERAL

MATHEMATICS

Lesson 1

Relation and
Function
Prepared by: Mr. Jerry Mae A. Ranes
 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

• Differentiate function and relation;

• Represents real-life situations using functions;

• Evaluates a function; and

• Solve operations on functions

 Essential Questions

 What is the difference between function and relation?

 How do we represent function in real-life situations?

 How do we evaluate functions?

 What are the different operations on functions and how

do we solve them?
Part 1

Difference between
Relation and
Function
 Let’s Learn It!

Relation
1
 A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called
the domain) to a second set of values (called the range).

 The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a

machine that applies a rule to these inputs to generate one or
more outputs.

 A relation is also a set of ordered pairs .

 Let’s Learn It!

Function
2
 A function is a relation where each element in the domain is
related to only one value in the range by some rule.

 The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a

machine that applies a rule so that each input corresponds to
only one output.

 A function is a set of ordered pairs such that no two ordered

pairs have the same x-value but different y-values.
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as a Machine
2.1
Machine A Machine C
INPUT: any letter from the INPUT: any whole number
alphabet Machine B from 1-10
INPUT: any real number
OUTPUT: if vowel, 5; if OUTPUT: the input number
consonant 9 multiplied by 2.
OUTPUT: either the
number itself or its
negative
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as Ordered Pairs

2.2
Which of the following relations are functions?

1.

2.

3.
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as Table of Values

2.3
Which of the following relations are functions?
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as a Mapping Diagram

2.4
Relations and functions can be represented by mapping
diagrams where the elements of the domain are mapped to the
elements of the range using arrows.

In this case, the relation or function is represented by the set of

all the connections represented by the arrows.
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as a Mapping Diagram

2.4
Domain Range

Daniel Kathryn

Enrique Liza

James Nadine

Ricci Andrea
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as a Mapping Diagram

2.4
Domain Range Domain Range
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as a Graph in the Cartesian Plane

2.5
A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by a
graph in the Cartesian plane, and that a function passes the
vertical line test.

The Vertical Line Test. A graph represents a function if and

only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.

If a vertical line intersects a graph twice, say at and at , then the

graph cannot represent a function because two different y-values
correspond to .
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as a Graph in the Cartesian Plane

2.5
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as a Graph in the Cartesian Plane

2.5
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as a Graph in the Cartesian Plane

2.5
 Let’s Learn It!

Function as an Algebraic Equation

2.6
If a relation is a function, then can be replaced with to denote
that the value of depends on the value of .

Which of the following relations are functions?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Let’s Learn It!

REMEMBER!
All functions are relation, but not all relations are
function.
 Let’s Practice!

Seatwork #1. Write F if the given relation is a function, otherwise write NF.

1.
2.
3.
 Let’s Practice!

Seatwork #1. Write F if the given relation is a function, otherwise write NF.

4. Domain Range 6. Domain Range

-2 a x
0
1 b y
3 Range
Domain
5 c z
8 -2
7 0 d
5. 1
3
5
8
7
 Let’s Practice!

Seatwork #1. Write F if the given relation is a function, otherwise write NF.

8.
7.

9.
10.
 Let’s Practice!

Seatwork #1. Write F if the given relation is a function, otherwise write NF.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Part 2

Evaluating Functions
 Let’s Learn It!

Evaluating Function
1
Evaluating function means replacing the variable in the function,
in this case , with a value from the function’s domain and computing
for the result.

To denote that we are evaluating at for some in the domain of , we

write .
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where is as defined above:

1.
2.
3.
4.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where is as defined above:

1.
2.
3.
4.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where is as defined above:

1.
2.
3.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where is as defined above:

1.
2.
3.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where is as defined above:

1.
2.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where is as defined above:

1.
2.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where is as defined above:

1.
2.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where is as defined above:

1.
2.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where and are as defined above:

1.
2.
 Illustrative Examples

Evaluate the following functions, where and are as defined above:

1.
2.
 Let’s Practice!

Seatwork #2. Evaluate the following functions at .

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Part 3

Operations on
Functions
 Let’s Learn It!

Addition of Functions
1
Let and be functions:

Their sum denoted by , is the function defined by

 Let’s Learn It!

Subtraction of Functions
2
Let and be functions:

Their difference, denoted by , is the function defined by

 Let’s Learn It!

Multiplication of Functions
3
Let and be functions:

Their product, denoted by , is the function defined by

 Let’s Learn It!

Division of Functions
4
Let and be functions:

Their quotient, denoted by , is the function defined by

Let’s Learn It!

REMEMBER!
Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing two or
more functions will result in another function.
 Illustrative Examples

Given functions:
 Illustrative Examples

Determine the following functions:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
 Illustrative Examples

Determine the following functions:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
 Let’s Learn It!

Inverse Operations of Functions

5
Given functions:

1. Express the function as a sum or difference of the functions

above.
2. Express the function as a sum or difference of the functions
above.
3. Express the function as a sum or difference of the functions
above.
 Let’s Learn It!

Inverse Operations of Functions

5
Given functions:

1. Express the function as a product or quotient of the

functions above.
2. Express the function as a product or quotient of the
functions above.
3. Express the function as a product or quotient of the
functions above.
 Let’s Learn It!

Composition of Functions
6
Let and be functions. The composite function denoted by , is
defined by:

The process of obtaining a composite function is called function

composition.
 Illustrative Examples

Given functions:

Determine the following functions:

1.
2.
3.
4.
 Let’s Practice!

Seatwork #3.

Determine the following functions:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Part 4

Real-life Examples of
Functions
 Illustrative Examples

1. Give a function that can represent the cost of

buying meals, if one meal costs P40.

2. Mark started selling snacks in the nearby school.

In one day he spends P200 for rent and P25 for
each snack item he prepares. Give a function
that can represent his expenses in a single day in
terms of as each snack.

3. One hundred meters of fencing is available to

enclose a rectangular area next to a river (see
figure). Give a function that can represent the
area that can be enclosed, in terms of .
 Comfort Zone

Assignment:

1. Study the piecewise function: (a) how to evaluate; (b) its

graph; (c) its domain and range.