i GENERAL MATHEMATICS + | mabe Representing Real-Life a MM Situations Using Functions ‘Welcome to the frat lesson of your General Mathematics, This lesson wil gre {you the practical application of functions in a real-life ecenarle including the plece- ‘wise function. When you are in Grade 8, you elready encountered relation and function. But in this module, let's tae into a deeper sense on how this tapic can be ‘sefal in our daily life. Are you all ready? & What’s In ‘Before we proceed in representing real-life scenario using function, let's go back to ‘where we start. What have you remembered about relations and functions? ‘A relation ie any set of ordered pairs. The set ofall first elements of the ordered ‘pairs is called the domain of the relation, and the set of all second elements is called the range. {A flanction is a relation or rule of correspondence between two elements (domain ‘and range) such that each element in the domain corresponds to exactly one element fn the range. ‘To further understand function, le’s study the following, Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are functions? A= 1,2), (2.9), (3,4), (4.5) B= (3,3), (4.4), 5.5), 6.60 © = 4,0), (0, 1, 1,0), (1) D = tla,b), ( 6), (co), (ave) You are right! The relations A and B are functions because each element in the ‘domain corresponds to a unique element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and D ‘are not functions because they contain ordered pairs with the same domain (C = (0,1) and (0,-1), D = (a,b) and (2,4)‘How about from the given table of values, which relation shows a function? “A a z z z i S a x 2 4 a 3s 10 2 = a = T z 5 x = = =z =z o c = o =a = z I y 3 4 o mT 1 ‘That's right! A and B are functions since all the values of x corresponds to exactly ‘one value of y. Unlike table C, where -1 corresponds to two values, 4 and 1. ‘We can also identify a function given a diagram. On the following mapping diagrams, which do you think represent functions? Range A Domain‘You are correct! The relations A and C are functions because each element in the domain corresponds to a unique element in the range. However, B is « mere relation ‘and not function because there is a domain which corresponds to more than one range. How about ifthe given are graphs of relations, can you identify which are functions Do you stil remember the vertical line test? Let's recall. A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by graph In the Cartesian plane, and that a function passes the vertical Line test. A graph ofa relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through the raph intersects it at exactly one point. Using the vertical line test, can you identify the graph/s of function? A CS : B D. ( ‘Yes, that's right! A and C are graphs of functions while B and D are not because they do not pass the vertical line test. In Mathematics, we can represent functions in different ways. It can be represented through words, tables, mappings, equations and graphs. 108 What's New We sald that for a relation to become a function, the value of the domain must ‘correspond to a single value of the range. Let's read some of the conversations and determine if they can be classified as function or not Scenario 1: June and Mae are in a long-time relationship until June realised ‘that be wants to marry Mae, Scenario 2: Kim is « naturally born Filipino but because of her eyes, many People confused if she is a Chinese, Let's sec how she responds to her new classmates who are asking if she's a Chinese. a| | 1 Scenario 3: As part of their requirements in Statistics class, Andrei made a ‘survey on the religion of his classmates and here's what he found out. ‘Andrel: Good morning classmates, as our requirement in Statitics may I know {your religion. This data will be part of my input in the survey that I am doing. ‘Ana 1: Lam a Catholic. Kevin: I am also a Catholic Sam: | am a member of the Iglesia ni Cristo. Jory: Lam a Born Again Christian, Lanie: My family is a Muslim. Jen: We are sacred a Catholic Family ‘Andrei: Thank you classmates for your responses. Reflect on this! 1, From the above conversations, which scenario/s do you think can be classified Functions can often be used to model real-Ife situations, Identifying an appropriate functional model will ead to a better understanding of various phenomena, ‘The above scenarios are all examples of relations that show function. Monogamous ‘marriage (e.g. Christian countries) is an example of function when there is faith and loyalty. Let say, June is the domain and Mae is the range, when there is faithfulness {in their marriage, there will be one-to-one relationship - one domain to one range.[Nationality could also iustrate a function. We expect that at least a person has one nationality. Let say Kim is the domain and her nationality is the range, therefore there ie a one-to-one relationship. Since Kim was born and live in the Philippines, ‘she can never have multiple nationalities except Filipino. (Remember: Under RA 9228 only those naturally-born Filipinos who have become naturalized citizens of another country can have dual citizenship. This is not applicable to Kim since she was born {in the Philippines and never a citizen of other country.) Religion is also an example of function because a person can never have two religions. Inside the classroom, three classmates said that they are Catholic. This shows & ‘many-to-one relationship. Clasamates being the domain and religion being the range Indicate that different values of domain can have one value of range. One-to-one relationship was also illustrated by the classmates who said that they are Born ‘Again, Muslim and iglesia ni Crist -one student to one religion. Can you cite other real-life situations that show functions? ‘The Function Machine Function can be illustrated as a machine where there is the input and the output, ‘When you put an object into a machine, you expect « product ax output after the process being done by the machine For example, when you put an orange fruit into fs the output and not a grape juice. Or you will ‘a juicer, you expect an orange juice never expect to have two Kinds of Juices - orange and grapes. INPUTS ouPuTS 13‘You have learned that function ean be represented by equation. Since output () Is dependent on input (x), we can say that y isa function ofx. For example, {fa function ‘machine always adds three (3) to whatever you put init. Therefore, we can derive an ‘equation of x +3 = y or ffs) = x 3 where fh) = y- Let's try the following rea-ife situation. ‘A Ithelght (2 isa function of age (a, give a function H that can represent the height ofa pereon in aage, ifevery year the height is added by 2 inches. Solution: ‘Since every year the helght is adiled by 2 Inches, then the height function i A(a) = 244 B, Ifdistance (D)is function of time (, give function D that can represent the distance a car travels in ¢ time, ifevery hour the car travels 60 Wlometers, Sotution: Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers, therefore the distance function i given by DQ) = 60¢ C. Give a function B that can represent the amount of battery charge of a cellular phone in h hour, if 12% of battery was Joss every hour. Solution: ‘Since every hour losses 12% of the battery, then the amount of battery function is B(h) = 100— 0.12% 'D. Squares of side x are cut from each comer of a 10 in x 8 in rectangle, so that its sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Define a function in terms of x that can represent the volume of the box. Solution: ‘The length and width of the box are 10 - 2x and 8 - 2x, respectively. Its height is x. Thus, the volume of the box can be represented by the function. (a) = (10 ~ 2x)(6 — 2x) (x) = 80x — 36x? + 423 14Piecewise Functions ‘There are functions that requires more than one formula in order to obtain the given output. There are instances when we need to describe situations in which a rule or relationship changes am the Input value crosses certain boundaries. In this case, we reed to apply the plecewise function. ‘A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to define the output. Each formula has its own domain, and the domain of the function is the ‘union of all these smaller domains, We notate thie idea like this: emus 1 xen domain 2 1@) fe Fria 2 esi domain 2 mula 3 tfx isin domain 3 Look at these examples! ‘A.A user is charged 7250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which Sncludes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged P1.00 ‘each, Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m), ‘where m is the number of messages sent in a month. fi rT then al no | = [ay B. Acertain chocolate bar costs P50.00 per piece. However, ifyou buy more than 5 pieces they will mark down the price to P48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate bars bought. nwo nies Fae aro aes o-(2006455 __aenorerentntaecit C. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is 250.00 per head for SO persons of less, ¥200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and 7150.00 per head for more than 100, Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of the number of attendees to the party. 1shime Sa Taare Ck) = 4 2001f $1. $< 100 Cost for a service to 51 to 100 persons et &) What's More Read each situation carefully to ¢olve each problem. Write your answer on & separate sheet of your paper. Independent Practice 1 1.A person is earning 750.00 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary ‘Bas a function of the number n of days that the person works. Answer: io) = (Hint: Think of the operation needed in order to obtain the total salary?) 12, Xandria rides through a jeepney which charges P 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers ‘and additional 0.50 for each additional kilometer. Express the jeepney fare (F| ‘as function of the number of kilometers (4) that Xandria pays for the ride. Answer: Fra) = (Hint: Aside from the usual fare charge, don’t forget to include in the equation the additional fare charge for the exceeding distance) Independent Assessment 1 1. A computer shop charges P15,00 in every hour of computer rental. Represent Your computer rental fee (R) using the function R(t) where tis the number of hours you spent on the computer. ‘Answer: 12 Squares of side a are cut from each comer of a # in x 6 in rectangle, so that its sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Represent a function in terms of that can define the volume of the box. ‘Answer:Independent Practice 2 4. A tricycle ride costs 710.00 forthe Brat? kilometers, and each additional kilometer ads P9.00 to the fare. Use a plecewise function to represent the tricycle fare in terms of the distance din kilometers. Ancwer soy. = (Gass Fate ning beta piecewise funetn of the pro 3. Aparking fee at SM Lucena costs ?25.00 forthe fist teo hotre and an extra P5.00, {for each hour of extension. Ifyou park for more than twelve hours, you instead pay @ Mlat rate of P100.00. Represent your parking fee using the function p(t) ‘here tis the number of hours you parked in the mall Answer: i¢__ CO) = 425 +58) if {Flin the misaing terms to show the eee plecewie function ofthe problem) Independent Assessment 2 1.A van rental charges P5,500.00 flat rate for a whole-day tour in CALABARZON of 'S passengers and each additional passenger added 7500.00 to the tour fare. Express a piecewise function to show to represent the van rental in terms number cof passenger n. Answer: 2. An internet company charges P500.00 for the first 30 GB used in a month, Every ‘exceeding GB will ten cost F30.00 But ifthe costumer reach a total of $0 GB and above, a flat rate of P1,000.00 wil be charged instead. Write a piecewise function ‘C(g) that represents the charge according to GB used? Answer 7What I Have Learned ‘A. Read and analyze the folowing statements. Ifyou think the statement suggests ‘an incorrect idea, rewrite it on the given space, otherwise leave it blank. 1. Arelation is «set of ordered paire where the first element i called the range while the second element is the domain. 2.4 function can be classified es one-to-one correspondence, one-to-many ‘correspondence and many-to-one correspondence. ‘3.1m a function machine, the input represents the Independent variable while the ‘output is the dependent variable, 5 SS i a Sc BB. In three to five sentences, write the signiicance of function in showing real-life situations. éCO) What I Can Do ‘At home or in your community, look for the at least three (3) situations thet could Tepresent functions. From the identified situations, write a sample problem and ite ‘corresponding function equation, ‘Baample: ‘Situation: The budget for food is @ function of the number of family members. Problem: Reyes family has Php P 1,500.00 food budget for each member of thelr family in a month. Express the total food budget (B) as a function of number of family ‘members fn) in one month. Function: B(x) = 15002 CR) Aetement ‘Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a ‘separate sheet of paper. 1, Which of the following is not true about function? ‘2. Function is composed of two quantities where one depends on the other. b. One-to-one correspondence is a function. . Many-to-one correspondence is a function, d. One-to-many correspondence is a function. 2, Ina relation, what do you call the y values or the output? 1. Piecewise ‘3. Which of the following tables is NOT a representation of functions? a * z T 0 i 2 T 0 19x I 3] 3] = ¥ T 7 7 a x 7 =] v 3 =| T 3 7 ta] = = a =| a. D:2,4,6,8, 10) bD@bede D1, 2,3, 4,5) Cy=0,2,3,4,5,0,b.68 ‘5. Which ofthe following relations is/are function/3? xo (1,2), (3.4), 41,7), 6.1 Bg 3,2), BM (3.24 6,7) © he (6.1), (2.3), (2, 6), (7 21° y= G28, (8,2) (2.9) (8s -2)) 66. Which of the following relations s/are Function/=? ‘a. the rule which assigns to each person the name of his brother 1b. the rule which assigns the name of teachers you have c._the rule which assigns a pen and the color ofits ine @._ the rule which assign each person a surname 7.4 pergon can encode 1000 words in every hour of typing job. Which of the following expresses the total words W as a function of the number n of hours that the person can encode? ‘a. W(n) = 1000 + b. Wn) = . (a) = 1000" 208. Jody is earning 7300.00 per day for cleaning the house Perez ‘additional ¥25.00 for an hour of taking care Mra. Peres’ chill. Express the {otal salary (8) of Judy incuding the time (h) spent for talking eae the child. ‘2. S(H) = 300 +254 i. StH) = 300254 . $0) = 3000250) 4.50) = 9. Which ofthe following functions define the volume ofa cube? Ve 2s, where si the length ofthe edge . Vm 9, where sis the length of the edge c V= 25, where «isthe length ofthe edge 4. V= 5, where sls the length of the edge 10. Eighty meters of fencing is available to enclote the rectangular garden of Mang. ‘Gustin. Give « function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed in terme of x. a AG) = 40r~ b. AG) = 80r= 3? AG) = Mat d. AG) = 082 For number 11 ~ 12 use the problem below. ‘A user is charged 400.00 monthly for a Sun and Text mobile plan which include ‘500 free texts messages. Messages in excess of S00 is charged PI.00. Represent a ‘monthly cost for the moblle plan using a(t) where tia the number of mensages sent ina month. wo=( n. a. 5(0) = (400,1F0.< 5 500 B. s(@) = (400,1/0.< 2 S00 s(0) = (400,17 0 <¢ < 500 4. 5(0) = 00,17 0 > ¢ > 500 12. 5) = 4004 7 t> 500 b. s@= 400447 < 500 c s(@) = 4004 26,17 ¢® 500 s(t) = 400+ 24,if¢ < 500@ What I Know het ter ofthe ea anew, We the heen fe om ara het of 1. Which ofthe faliowing f @ polynomial function? a. Fes) 228" 10047 «neh 7] bay 3048) aera 2. What ind of function is being Uhuntrated by tx) =x? —3:|+5? ‘& Rational Function , Greatest Integer Punetion '. Constant Function 4. Absotute Value Function 3. Find the function value given Ma) =17 +r of x= 4d. a 17-324 174324 b. 17-324" a.t743ad 4. Which ofthe following shows logarithmic function? © sey=me +8 «, Foe 4 b. fG)=og, 81 a, fe = foils S. Find the function value given MG) =7x—11, if x=8+3. 1. S6m10 co, Som? +10 ». S6m-t0 4, 56m? 10 6. Which ofthe folowing is the value ofthe function f(x)=[bx°-151+5]+3 given xo3 02s 19 v.16 4.10 7. Bvaluate the function W(x) =]1]+31 gleen x= 2.5. aM 33 v.34 4.33 8, Give the value ofthe ofthe function c(s) = 51? =18 at o(3). a7 183 b.27 4.639. Bvaluate: A(x)= Se? -Re+12 given x= 5. az esr bias as 10.FInd the vale ofthe function We) = VBA 26 fo Me 8 a 11. Evaluate the function f(x) =3x° ~Sx+2 given x= 245. 128 4500452 Ia =S0r+32 bad 4650477 4.2 652477 12m a), eine NB as e 3 v-$ i sere te con Kae stt +2. 3e47 15.For what values of can we not evaluate the function /(x)=25°7 9 ast ee bss aa 3s